A3.1 Total area of native forests (FA

Appendix 3

A3. Description and ecological implication of native forest composition and

configuration indexes used in the study as implemented in FRAGSTAT (McGarigal et al. 2012).

A3.1 Total area of native forests (FA)

∑ 𝑎_ij

𝑎

j=1

(1 10,000⁄ )

𝑎_ij = patch ij area (m²)

A3.2 Number of native forest patches (NP) Number of patches

NP = ni

ni = number of patches in the landscape that belongs to the same class A3.3 Mean patch area (PA)

∑ x_𝑖j

n

j=1

n_i

⁄

x_𝑖j= all patches of the corresponding patch type ni = number of patches

A3.4 Edge density (ED)

∑ e_ik

m

k=1

A

⁄ (10,000)

eik = total length (m) of edge in landscape involving patch type (class) i A = total landscape area (m²)

A3.5 Shape index (SI) . 25 p_ij⁄√aij

pij = perimeter (m) of patch ij aij = area (m²) of patch ij

A3.6 Fractal dimension index (FD) 2 ln(.25 p_ij) ln a⁄ _ij

pij = perimeter (m) of patch ij aij = area (m²) of patch ij

A3.7 Perimeter-area ratio (PARA) p_ij⁄a_ij

pij = perimeter (m) of patch ij

aij = area (m²) of patch ij

A3.8 Mean Euclidean distance to forest patches (ENN) h_ij

hij = distance (m) from patch ij to the nearest neighbor patch of the same class, based on patches edge to edge distance

A3.9 Cohesion index of forest patches (COH)

[1 − ∑ p_ij

n

j=1

∑ p_ij√aij n

j=1

⁄ ] . [1 − 1 √Z⁄ ]⁻¹. (100) pij = patch ij perimeter (number of cells) aij = patch ij area (number of cells) Z = total number of cells in the landscape A3.10 Aggregation index of forest patches (AI) [g_ij⁄max → g_ij](100)

gii = number of like adjacencies (joins) between pixels of patch type (class) i based on the single-count method.

max-gii = maximum number of like adjacencies