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Table S1. Patients enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) who were recruited to the Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort (NAMACO) study compared to patients who were eligible but not recruited and patients followed up at non-NAMACO centres.

SHCS patients enrolled in the NAMACO Study

(N=981)

SHCS patients eligible but not enrolled in the NAMACO Study

(N=2,718)

SHCS patients aged ≥45 years old followed up at non-NAMACO centres

(N=2,604)

Age (years), mean (SD) 54.5 (7.5) 54 (7.7) 53.6 (7.4)

Male, N (%) 782 (79.7) 1,990 (73.2) 1,953 (75)

Caucasian, N (%) 899 (91.7) 2,253 (82.9) 2,319 (89.1)

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Table S2. Demographic and clinical associations with neurocognitive impairment in multivariate models applied to 854 HIV-positive patients (excluding the category other). Impairment is presented as a dichotomous variable (multivariate logistic model, left hand columns) and as a continuous variable (multivariate linear model, right hand columns).

Dichotomized analysis Continuous analysis

Odds ratio a P-value 95% CI Effect b P-value 95% CI

Age (years) 1.03 0.026 0.00 0.06 -0.01 0.001 -0.01 0.00

Sex (male) 1.03 0.920 -0.52 0.58 -0.08 0.121 -0.18 0.02

Ethnicity (Ref: Caucasian) 8.36 <0.0001 1.33 3.01 -0.62 <0.0001 -0.76 -0.48

Education 0.86 <0.0001 -0.23 -0.08 0.04 <0.0001 0.03 0.05

Employment, N (%)

Part-time [25-75%] (ref: unemployment) 0.49 0.045 -1.43 -0.03 0.15 0.012 0.03 0.28 Full-time [80-100%] (ref:

unemployment) 0.49 0.001 -1.15 -0.28 0.10 0.010 0.02 0.18

Cognitive complaints c 1.24 0.317 -0.21 0.63 -0.07 0.066 -0.14 0.00

CES-D 1.01 0.559 -0.02 0.03 0.00 0.047 -0.01 0.00

Drug use

History of intravenous drug use 1.12 0.831 -0.99 1.18 -0.03 0.709 -0.22 0.15

Current cannabis use

0.58 0.113 -1.24 0.11 0.10 0.062 -0.01 0.21

Current non-injecting cocaine use 0.99 0.992 -1.98 1.52 -0.02 0.861 -0.28 0.23

Alcohol consumption at risk d 1.12 0.630 -0.37 0.59 -0.02 0.570 -0.11 0.06

Cardiovascular risk factors

Cigarette smoking 0.96 0.829 -0.44 0.35 -0.05 0.174 -0.12 0.02

Diabetes 1.36 0.434 -0.47 1.06 -0.10 0.169 -0.23 0.04

Hypertension 0.88 0.473 -0.50 0.23 0.02 0.435 -0.04 0.09

Cholesterol 1.05 0.631 -0.14 0.22 0.00 0.925 -0.03 0.03

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HDL cholesterol 1.07 0.755 -0.37 0.50 0.05 0.183 -0.02 0.13 Co-infections

Hepatitis B 1.31 0.420 -0.40 0.94 -0.06 0.351 -0.17 0.06

Hepatitis C 1.62 0.015 0.10 0.88 -0.09 0.007 -0.16 -0.03

Syphilis 0.55 0.010 -1.07 -0.15 0.10 0.012 0.02 0.17

HIV parameters

HIV viral load < 50 copies/ml 0.63 0.320 -1.37 0.48 -0.01 0.901 -0.18 0.16

CD4 count at enrolment 0.95 0.175 -0.12 0.02 0.00 0.857 -0.01 0.01

Nadir CD4 count 1.00 0.973 -0.15 0.15 -0.01 0.494 -0.03 0.02

ART duration 1.13 0.034 0.01 0.24 -0.03 0.011 -0.04 -0.01

ART duration2 0.99 0.009 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.007 0.00 0.00

Current CPE score ≥ 7 1.25 0.358 -0.24 0.70 -0.05 0.248 -0.13 0.03

ART drug class

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase

inhibitor 0.90 0.873 -1.36 1.32 0.01 0.919 -0.22 0.24

Protease inhibitor 1.14 0.518 -0.27 0.54 -0.03 0.450 -0.10 0.04

Integrase strand transfer inhibitor 0.86 0.497 -0.60 0.28 0.00 0.956 -0.08 0.08

Efavirenz 0.74 0.231 -0.80 0.19 -0.01 0.818 -0.10 0.08

Likely mode of HIV acquisition, N (%)

Heterosexual (ref: MSM) 1.68 0.032 0.04 0.99 -0.09 0.048 -0.17 0.00

Injecting drug use (ref: MSM) 0.59 0.382 -1.70 0.66 0.08 0.452 -0.13 0.28

Other / unknown (ref: MSM) 2.46 0.065 -0.07 1.86 -0.03 0.698 -0.21 0.14

a Odds ratios with P-values from a multivariate logistic model based on a binary outcome of neurocognitive impairment: no impairment (0) versus impairment (>0)

b Difference in mean z-score

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c Answering, ‘Yes, definitely’ to at least 1 of the 3 questions.

d ≥3 alcoholic drinks per day or ≥6 alcoholic drinks in one sitting at least once a week

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CPE, Central nervous system Penetration Effectiveness; MSM, men who have sex with men

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