List of acronyms and abbreviations

List of acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms and abbreviations

1-D One-dimension

2-D Two-dimension

3-D Three-dimension

A

AEP Atmospheric poroellipsometry

AM Air mass

a-Si Amorphous silicon

C

C Calcination step

CCE Counter-electrode capacitance

Cdye/Ti Experimental ratio between Carbon from the dye and Titanium atoms (determined by RBS)

CSpiro/Ti Experimental ratio between Carbon from the Spiro- OMeTAD and Titanium atoms (determined from Cdye/Ti and Ctot/Ti)

CSpiro 100%/Ti Maximum theoretical ratio between Carbon from the Spiro-OMeTAD and Titanium atoms, calculated for a 100% filled sample

Ctot/Ti Experimental ratio between the overall amount of Carbon and Titanium atoms (determined by RBS)

CdTe Cadmium Telluride

CIGS Copper, Indium, Gallium, (di)Selenide/(di)Sulphide CIS Copper, Indium, (di)Selenide/(di)Sulphide

CPE Photoelectrode capacitance

D

DOS Density of states

DSC Differential scanning calorimetry DSSC Dye-sensitized solar cell

E

EDX X-ray elemental analysis

EIMP Evaporation-induced micelles packing EIS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EISA Evaporation-induced self-assembly EQE External quantum efficiency

EtOH Ethanol

F

F127 F127 Pluronic surfactant, PEO106PPO70PEO106

F127g F127 gridlike

F127w F127 wormlike

FF Fill factor

FTO Fluorine-doped tin oxide

H

HCl Hydrochloric acid

HOMO Highest occupied molecular orbital HTM Hole transporting material

I

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IPCE Incident photon to current efficiency ISC Short-circuit photocurrent

ITO Indium-tin oxide

ITO-PEN ITO-coated polyethylenenaphtalate ITO-PET ITO-coated polyethyleneterephtalate I-V curve Photocurrent-voltage curve

J

JSC Short-circuit photocurrent density

L

LCOE Levelised Cost of Electricity

Li-TFSI Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide LUMO Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

M

mc-Si Monocrystalline silicon

N

ɳ Overall conversion efficiency

N-3 dye cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'- dicarboxylato)-ruthenium(II)

N-719 dye cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2ʼ-bipyridyl-4,4ʼ-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) bis(tetrabutylammonium)

O

OPV Organic photovoltaic

Acronyms and abbreviations

P

P123 P123 Pluronic surfactant, PEO20PPO70PEO20

P123g P123 gridlike

P123w P123 wormlike

P3HT Poly(3-hexylthiophene) pc-Si Polycrystalline silicon

PEO Polyethylene oxide

PFF Pore filling fraction Pinc Incident light power

Pmax Maximum power

PPO Polypropylene oxide

PS Polystyrene

PSA PS(16400)-PEO(36400) diblock copolymer PSD Pore size distribution

Pt Platinum

PV Photovoltaic

R

RBS Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry

RCE Charge transfer resistance at the counter-electrode

RF Roughness factor

RH Relative humidity

RPE Photoelectrode total resistance

Rr Recombination resistance at the TiO2/electrolyte interface

Rseries Series resistance

Rt Charge transfer resistance in the photoelectrode

S

S Stabilization step

SA Surface area

Spiro-OMeTAD 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxypheny-amine)-9,9’- spirobi-fluorene

T

TAS Transient absorption spectroscopy

TBP tert-butylpyridine

τe Electron lifetime in the photoelectrode TEM Transmission electron microscopy TGA Thermogravimetric analysis

THF Tetrahydrofuran

Ti Titanium

TiCl4 Titanium tetrachloride Ti(i-PrO)4 Titanium iso-propoxide

TiO2 Titanium dioxide

TPC Transient Photocurrent

TPV Transient Photovoltage

U

UV Ultraviolet

UV-vis UV-visible spectrometry

V

VOC Open-circuit photovoltage

X

XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD X-ray diffraction

Z

Z-907 dye cis-disothiocyanato-(2,2’-bipyridyl-4,4’-dicarboxylic acid)- (2,2’-bipyridyl-4,4’-dinonyl) ruthenium(II)

ZnO Zinc oxide