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Context dependency analysis in ubiquitous computing

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(1)Context dependency analysis in ubiquitous computing Raheel Ali Baloch. To cite this version: Raheel Ali Baloch. Context dependency analysis in ubiquitous computing. Other [cs.OH]. Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. English. �NNT : 2012TELE0004�. �tel-00714129�. HAL Id: tel-00714129 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714129 Submitted on 3 Jul 2012. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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