HAL Id: dumas-00920829
https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00920829
Submitted on 19 Dec 2013
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Visualisation 3D du cadastre québécois : cas d’une
copropriété
Vivien Fuchs
To cite this version:
Vivien Fuchs. Visualisation 3D du cadastre québécois : cas d’une copropriété. Sciences de l’ingénieur [physics]. 2013. �dumas-00920829�
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PRÉAMBULE
Les nouvelles technologies traitant les données tridimensionnelles du territoire imposent des exigences permettant d’assurer l’objectivité de la modélisation tridimensionnelle sur le plan éthique et en matière de déontologie.
La présente charte d’éthique et de déontologie a pour but d’établir les principes fondamentaux que ses signataires s’engagent à respecter activement.
Elle s’adresse aux collectivités publiques, aux unités de recherche, aux associations professionnelles, aux privés, soit à tous ceux qui ordonnent, produisent, gèrent, utilisent ou diffusent des données géographiques, des images de synthèse ou des scènes à caractère tridimensionnel du territoire, avec les outils qui y sont associés.
PRINCIPES
1. Principe de crédibilité
Afin d’assurer une représentation crédible du territoire, les partenaires s’engagent à :
créer des images de synthèse ou des scènes tridimensionnelles qui ne soient pas suscep-tibles d’influencer à son insu le décideur, le maître d’ouvrage ou le public
utiliser uniquement des données fiables et actuelles, privilégiant l’usage de données officielles, de qualités adéquates et suffisantes, représentatives du territoire concerné par le projet
2. Principe de transparence
Afin d’assurer la plus grande transparence sur les productions 3D, les signataires s’engagent à: documenter les données d’origine intégrées à la scène tridimensionnelle et l'image de synthèse
préciser les objectifs de la scène tridimen-sionnelle
indiquer les éléments subjectifs appropriés, appliqués à la scène tridimensionnelle accompagner la scène tridimensionnelle d’une légende adéquate
mentionner toute transformation des données renoncer à l’usage de données qui lors de leur acquisition porteraient atteinte à la sphère privée des personnes
3. Principe de développement de réseaux et formation 3D
Afin de sensibiliser les différents acteurs aux principes de la présente charte, les signataires s’engagent à:
mutualiser les bonnes pratiques dans l'utili-sation de la 3D
favoriser la création de réseaux de partage sur le thème de la représentation tridimen-sionnelle du territoire (communauté 3D, forum, notamment)
encourager la formation (initiale et continue) et la recherche dans le domaine de la 3D promouvoir la charte d’éthique et de déontologie de la 3D
ENGAGEMENT
Les principes énoncés dans la présente charte engagent chaque signataire. Elle est complétée des directives et des règlements spécifiques. Un comité d’éthique et de déontologie veille à son respect.
CHARTE
D’ÉTHIQUE
ET DE
DÉONTOLOGIE
DE LA 3D
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EXPERIMENTS WITH NOTARIES ABOUT 3D CADASTRAL VISUALISATION SYSTEM
J. Pouliota, C. Wanga, F. Huberta, V. Fuchsb, M. Bédardc
a Department of Geomatics Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, jacynthe.pouliot@scg.ulaval.ca b
ESGT, France, vivien.fuchs@scr.fr
a Groupe VRSB, Quebec City, Canada, m.bedard@groupevrsb.com
3D Géoinfo 2013 - Commission VI, WG VI/4
KEYWORDS: 3D visualisation and modeling, users requirements, 3D cadastre, guideline,
ABSTRACT:
In the digital world in which we now live, computer visualization is almost indispensable in supporting decision-making involving 3D models. Countless solutions combining 3D visualization and the geospatial component exist, both for viewing and creating 3D models. Examples include CAD (Computer Aided Design), GIS (Geographic Information System) and specific viewers such as those incorporating augmented reality, time banners and statistical tools. These systems usually incorporate the typical zoom, pan and rotate tools and are based on cartographic standards. However, very few are designed to meet users’ specific needs. They offer virtually all customization mechanisms/tools, allowing users to adjust interface components to their needs and to exploit, to the best of their knowledge, libraries of cartographic symbols.
Consequently, when visualizing a 3D model on a computer display screen, users are free, to the extent of the possibilities offered by the software, to choose as they wish among the visual variables available. When options are available, users may decide to place some lines in color, apply textures on the surfaces of objects, employ transparency or not, etc. Although this flexibility is interesting, it poses certain problems about choices to make to optimize the assembly of seven visual variables (position, size, shape, value, color, texture and orientation). 2D mapping offers a set of recognized standards and practices for which Bertin established the main points; map production is an integral part of training for many practitioners. The term graphic semiology is used to refer to a set of rules for a graphic system of signs for the transmission of information (Bertin, 1967). For example, according to the different possible geometries (point, line, polygon), the best variable combinations to assist in selection or to associate one object with another are explained; some perform better in highlighting order among the objects, etc.
Regarding 3D, do 2D mapping rules apply fully? Are there standards for good practices to assemble 3D model visual variables? Do other elements come into play to take account 3D specificities (transparency, gradient, shadow, etc.)? A literature review shows that some authors/researchers have focused on these issues (see Wang et al., 2012; Foss et al, 2005; Häberling, et al. 2008; Pegg 2009; Trapp et al., 2010). They establish the need to carefully exploit visual variables and, more importantly, indicate that the third dimension brings certain peculiarities. For example, Pegg (2008) concluded that viewing angles and illumination are prominent factors in 3D models compared to visual variables. Hardisty (2001) suggested reflectance was another visual variable in the theoretical investigation of 3D visualization and recognized that light sources, camera and even fog are influential visual properties.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XX, Part XXX
This point can also be extended to user categories and the use of 3D representations as proposed in Chen et al. (2012). For example, do best practices for the 3D representation of a group of city buildings apply in producing a representation of a forest set? Similarly, does the spatial representation of a bona fide item (a physical object) versus the limits of fiat objects (which exist relative to a specific legal interpretation or human demarcation, Smith, 2000) pose similar challenges? Starting with these various questions, a research project was defined in order to establish the best fit between visual variables applied to a 3D model and 3D visualization tasks related to the needs of users, in particular civil law notaries. This paper is a follow-up to the first experiments on 3D models and theoretical tasks (Chen et al., 2012). In the present research, a real case of a complex divided co-propriety was used, with notaries who had established the limits of the condominium being interviewed. This paper demonstrates experiments with a group of notaries regarding 3D visualization of a 3D cadastral model for a vertical divided co-ownership. The experimental framework first established a list of visualization tasks deemed necessary for notaries. Eight visualization tasks, e.g., locating a lot in a condo, and classifying lots according to their characteristics, were used in the experiment. Three questions were explored for these first tests:
a) What content is expected in 3D models, both for the cadastral model and contextual data?
b) Among five visual variables (position change, colour, size, texture, value), which are the most appropriate to carry out a visualization task?
c) Among three enhancement techniques (transparency, underlining, gradient), which are the most appropriate to carry out a visualization task?
A set of 3D cadastral models were produced by changing different variables. During testing, notaries were presented with a proposed 3D cadastral model, for which they had to respond to a series of questions related to visualization tasks, and then had to express a preference among the 3D models proposed. This paper will present these experiments and results.
REFERENCES
Bertin J., Sémiologie graphique, Paris, Mouton/Gauthier-Villars, 1967.
Fosse, J. M., Veiga, L. A. K., & Sluter, C. R. (2005). COLOR HUE AS A VISUAL VARIABLE IN 3D INTERACTIVE MAPS. IEEE International Conference on Commnunications (Vol. 55). Seoul, Korea.
Häberling, C., Bär, H., & Hurni, L. (2008). Proposed Cartographic Design Principles for 3D Maps: A Contribution to an Extended Cartographic Theory. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and
Geovisualization, 43(3), 175–188.
Hardisty, F. (2001). Cartographic Animation in Three Dimensions : Experimenting with the Scene Graph. Proceedings,20th ICA/ACI International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, P.R.China.
Pegg, D. (2009). Design Issues with 3D Maps and the Need for 3D Cartographic Design Principles. Academic Papers. Retrieved from http://lazarus.elte.hu/cet/academic/pegg.pdf
Trapp, M., Beesk, C., Pasewaldt, S., & Döllner, J. (2010). Interactive Rendering Techniques for Highlighting in 3D Geovirtual Environments. Proceedings of the 5th 3D GeoInfo Conference, XXXVIII, 12669–12669.
Wang, C., Pouliot, J., & Hubert, F. (2012). Visualization Principles in 3D Cadastre : A First Assessment of Visual Variables. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on 3D Cadastres: Developments and Practices, 309–324.
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