ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻲـﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ
ﺮﻀﳋ ﺝﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺔـﻨﺗﺎـﺑ
–
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮـﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎـﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺺﺼﲣ " ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺭﺎﻐﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ "
ﺔـﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪـﻋﺇ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﺠﺣ ﻝﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﺘﻨﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔـﺸﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔـﻨﳉ ﺐﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔـﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﻳﺯ ﺢـﻟﺎﺻ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺔـﻨﺗﺎـﺑ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎـﺟ ﺎـﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﺮﺘﻨﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺮـﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ )ﺃ ( ﺔـﻨﺗﺎـﺑ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎـﺟ ﺮﻘﻣﻭ ﺎﻓﺮﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻏ ﻙﻭﱪﻣ ﺘﺳﺃ ﺎ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫ ﺔـﻨﺗﺎـﺑ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎـﺟ ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻀﻋ ﻝﺎﺠﻋﺃ ﻝﺎﺠﻌﻟ ﲔﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺮـﺿﺎﳏ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ )ﺃ ( ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮﻜﺴﺑ ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﻀﻋ ﺔـﻴﻌﻣﺎـﳉﺍ ﺔـﻨﺴﻟﺍ 2011 2012
ﺀﺍﺪﻫﺇ
ﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺪﻬﻳ ﻥﺎﺴﻟ ﺔﻄﺴﺑ ﱄ ﺎﻤﻬﺒﺣ ﺍﺪﺑﺃ ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ
ﻼﺧﻹﺎﺑ ﻡﺮﻄﻀﺗ ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺏﻭﺫ ﻞﺑ ،ﻝﻮﻘ
ﺹ
ﻟﺍﻭ
ﺀﺎﻘﻨ
،
ﻰﻠﻏﺃ ﱃﺇ
ﻭ
،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻚﻠﻣﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ
ﱃﺇ
ﲔﳝﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ
؛
ﱃﺇ
ﲎﻌﻣ ﲏﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ
"
ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺎﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﺱﻮﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺓﺬﻳﺬﻟ ﺎﻣﻼﺣﺃ ﻞﻈﺗ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻔﻧﺄﺘﺴﻳ ﺎﳌ ﺎﳍ ﺍﻮﺳﺮﻛﻭ ﻢﻬﺣﻭﺭ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺦﻔﻧ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺣ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﺗ
ﺎﻫﻮﻠﺻﻭﻭ ،ﻝﺎﻴﻟﻭ
ﲟ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﺔﻛﺮﺣﻭ ﺲﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎ
"
ﱃﺇ ،
ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ
ﺮﺘﻨﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ
؛
ﱃﺇ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﲏﻌﺠﺸﺗﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺑ ﱵﻘﺛ ﱄﺇ ﺪﻴﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻧﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻣﺄﺑ ﺎﻣﻭﺩ ﱐﻭﺪﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ
،ﺀﺎﻴﻋﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺱﺄﻳ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﰲ ﺎﻣﺪﻗ ﻲﻀﳌﺍ
ﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ
ﺎﺗ
ﺬ
ﻡﺍﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﰐ
:
ﻙﻭﱪﻣ
،ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻏ
ﱀﺎﺻ
ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ،ﱐﺎﻳﺯ
؛ﺯﻭﺰﻐﺑ ﺮﻤﻋ ،ﻍﺎﻗﺯ
ﺻ ﱃﺇ
ﻴﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺡﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎ
ﺔ
ﻲﺧﻮﺳﺭ ﺔﻗﺎﻃﻭ ﻲﻣﺎﳍﺇ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ،
ﻚﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﰊﺃﻭ ﻲﺧﺃ ﱃﺇ
ﺔﺣﺩﺎﻛ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ ﺓﺄﻃﻭ ﺖﲢ ﺖﺑﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﲔﺣ ﻲﺴﻔﻧ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﺪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻜﻴﲰ ﺔﻟﻼﻏ ﻚﻓ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ
،ﺀﺎﻴﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺋﺎﻫ ﺄﻤﻇ ﰲ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺔﻤﻴﻈﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﶈﺍ ﱃﺇ
ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ
ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺮﻜﺷ
ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻘﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﺘﻨﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍﻭ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﻞﺻﺍﻭ ﰒ ﺔﻄﺧ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﳒﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺠﺷﻭ ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﱴﺷ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻧﺎﺴﻣﻭ ﻥﻮﻋ ﻦﻣ ﱄ ﻪﻣﺪﻗ ﱄ ﻡﺪﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺎﻋﺭ ﺢﺘﻓﻭ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﲔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﱐﺎﻨﻏﺃﻭ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﺢﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻢﻏﺭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻘﺗﺇﻭ ﻞﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﺇ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑ ﻞﻣﻷﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺑﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﻈﺣﻼﲟ ﻲﻣﺎﻣﺃ ﻓ ﺖﻧﺎﺑ ﻥﺃ ﺬﻨﻣ ،ﻪﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺺﺼﲣ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺣﺮﻃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﺮﻜ " ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺭﺎﻐﻣﻭ " ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺟﻭ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ ﻪﻠﻓ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻬﻣﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﻐﺷﺃ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﻛﻭ ،ﷲﺍ ﺪﻤﲝ ﺖﲤ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ .ﻡﺮﺘﶈﺍ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ،ﻙﻭﱪﻣ ﻥﺎﺒﻀﻏ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃﻭ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﻮﺸﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﱄ ﺎﻫﺍﺪﺳﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺤﺋﺎﺼﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺓﺯﺎﺟﺇﻭ ﺵﺎﻘﻧ ﺎﻤﳍﻮﺒﻘﺑ ﱐﺎﻓﺮﺷ ﻥﺍﺬﻠﻟﺍ ﲔﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻝﺎﺠﻋﺃ ﻝﺎﺠﻌﻟ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺣﺎﺠﻨﻟ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﳉﺎﺑ ﻞﻓﺎﺣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ .
ﺴﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﳍﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻡﺍﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﰐﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻳﺰﳉﺍﻭ ﺺﻟﺎﳋﺍ ﻱﺮﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔـﺻﺎﺧ ﺔـﻨﺗﺎﺑ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴ ﻪـﻟ ﺔـﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﲏﻧﺄـﺑ ﺮﻌﺷﺃ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﱐﺍﺮﻳ ﻮﻫ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺳ ﺮﺸﻋ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﺔﺑﺍﺮﻗ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲏﻠﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﻳﺯ ﱀﺎﺻ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ . ﺩﻮﻬﳉﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻦﳓ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻧﺮﻤﻏ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻀﻓﻭ ﻪﻣﺮﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻍﺎﻗﺯ ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﺗﺬﺗﺎـﺳﺃ ﺔﻘﻓﺭ ﺎﳍﺬﺑ ﱵﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﲏﺒﺘﺑ ﺔﲦ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻪﺑ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺡﺎﳒﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺟﻷﺍ ﲑﻓﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻡﺍﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺍﺰﺠﻨﻣ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﳌﺍ . ﻪﻟ ﻪﻨﻛﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﳉﺎﺑ ﻑﺮﺘﻋﺃ ﺎﻣﻭﺩ ﻰﻘﺑﺄﺴﻓ . ﻱﺫﺎﺘـﺳﺃ ﻰـﺴﻧﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻡﺮـﺘﶈﺍ ﺓﺮـﺜﻛ ﺀﺐﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﲢ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﱄ ﻪﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺖﺠﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻥﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳ ﱄ ﻩﺪﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺔﻤﻴﺗﺭ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﰐﻻﺅﺎﺴﺗ . ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﱃﺇﻭ ﻭﺯﻭ ﻱﺰﻴﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺯﻭﺰﻐﺑ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻱﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺩﺇ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺮـﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺎﻤﻬﻠـﻀﻓ ﻱﺮﻳﺪـﻘﺗ ﻢﻴـﻈﻌﺑ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻱﺮﻜﺸﺑ ﻩﻮﻧﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﺎﻧﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﲦ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﻼﳎﻭ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﱄ ﻩﺎﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﻲﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﳍ ﻲﻣﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ . ﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﻤﻛ ﻢﻫﺎﻳﺇﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻄﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﹼﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻲﺋﻼﻣﺯ ﹼﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺔ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﺣﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺺﺼﲣ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺃﻭ ،ﲔﺘﻴﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﲔﺘﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ) ﻝ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ .ﻡ .ﺩ ( ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃﻭ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ) ﻲﻜﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ( ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻢﺳﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺮﺘﺳﺎﻣ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ، . ﲔﳝﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻚﻠﻣﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃﻭ ﻰﻠﻏﺃ ﱃﺇ . ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﰐﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﺎﺘﻴﺗ ﺔﺒﻴﺒﳊﺍ ﱵﺧﺃﻭ ،ﻱﺪﲪ ،ﻚﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﰐﻮﺧﺇ ﺔﻴﺤﻀﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻥﻮﻘﺤﺘﺴﻳ ﻦﻣ . ﺭﺍﻮﺸﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺹﻼﺧﺈﺑ ﺖﻧﺎﻔﺗﻭ ﻞﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺑﺃ ،ﺎﻣﻭﺩ ﱄ ﺖﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺎﺘﺳﺃ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﳉﺎﺑ ﻞﻓﺎﺣ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯﺎﻳ ﺔﻴﻣﻻ ﺓﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﺒﳊﺍ ﰐﺫ .
ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﱐﻭﺪﻧﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻗﺪﺻﺃﻭ ﰐﺎﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﺐﺣﺃﻭ ﺰﻋﺃ ﱃﺇ : ،ﻕﻼﻋﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻣﺁ ،ﻍﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﺓﲑﲰ ،ﻍﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻬﺳ ،ﻑﺎﺣﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﲰﺍ ﻡﺎﻫﺍﺮﺑﺃ ﻥﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺕﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺮﻛﺯ ،ﺥﻭﺮﻓ ﺢﺗﺎﻓ ،ﺮﺑﺎﺟ ﺎﻳﺮﻛﺯ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﺷﺭ ،ﺢﻳﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻚﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﻭﺪﺒﻋ ﺎﺿﺭ ،ﺕﺎﺣﺮﻓ ﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﶈﺍ ﱵﺧﺃ ﺔﻨﺑﺍﻭ ﻝﺍﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﰊﺭﺩ ﺔﻘﻴﻓﺭﻭ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﻰﺴﻧﺃ ﻻﻭ ﻰﻠﻌﻟ ﻦﺑ ﻢﻴﻠﺣ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﺎﻏﺯ ،ﻆﻴﻔﳊﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﰊﻮﻬﻴﻣ ،ﺎﻳﺍﺭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻓﻭ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﱄ ﺎﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻴﺠﺣ ﺎﻜﻴﺴﻴﺟ . ﻫ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺃﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱐﻮﻌﺠﺷ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺀﻼﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨ : ﻲﻔﻄﻟ ،ﺺﻳﺮﺣﻮﺑ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﺐﻳﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺳ ،ﻲﲰﺍﻮﻗ ،ﺶﻴﺸﺑﻮﺑ ﻖﻴﻓﺭ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﱄ ﻪﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻤﻴﻠﺑ ﻥﻭﺪﻌﺳ ﻦﺑ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﺭﺎﻓ ﻞﺼﻴﻓ ،ﺝﺍﺮﻋﺃ ﱘﺮﻛ ﺔﻜﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ . ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋﺃ ﻻ ﺖﻨﻛ ﻥﺇﻭ ﲏﺘﺒﺣﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇﻭ .
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺧ ﺔـﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔ : ﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻳﺎﻌﳌ ﲑ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ". ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﺎﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ " ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﻭ" ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻘﻧ ." ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮ ﺔ. ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺎﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ " : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﻭ" ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻘﻧ ." ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ". ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺕ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ " ﻞﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ " ﻭ" ﺝﺭﺎﳋﺍ :" ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ " ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺰﻴﻛﺮﻛ . ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﻖﻴﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺲﺳﻷﺍ : ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﱄﺍﱪﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ،ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﳌ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣﻷ ﻖﻴﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ : ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﻳﻭﺬﺗ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﳎ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭ ﻝﺎ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " . ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺪﻬﻛ ﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻛﻭ ﻲ . ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻑﺪﻬﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻛ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﱪﻋ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﳌﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ." ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ : ﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎ ﺔﻴﻣﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﱘﺮﲡ : ﻦﻣ " ﺮﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍ " ﱃﺇ " ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﲑﻴﺴﺗ ." ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺃ 11 ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻛﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﻜﺣﻭ ﱪﻤﺘﺒﺳ : ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﺜﻜﺗ -ﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺔ .
ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣﻭ ﺔﻃﺮﻘﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ . ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﲔﺑ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ : ﲔﻛﺮﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺘﳉﺍﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ؟ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ : ﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ،ﻑﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺪﻌﺑ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻂﻄﺧ ﰲ ﻣﻭ ﱵﻟﺄﺴ " ﺔﻴﻃﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ " ﻭ" ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ ." ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﺔﺴﺳﺄﻣ ﻡﺃ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻠﻟ " ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ " ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ " ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸ "؟ ﻊﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " : ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ،ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ . ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﳕ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ . ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﳌﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘ : ﱃﺇ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﻋ ﻦﻣ " ﻡﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ." ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﺒﻗ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﺳﺃ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ -ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻣ : ﱃﺇ ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ " ﻡﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ." ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﱪﻋ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﻣ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ :" ﲏﻣﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻫﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﺛﻭ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ . ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ : ﻣﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﺡﻼﺻﺇ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔ " ﺔﻧﻭﺪﹸﳌﺍ " ﻭ ﹶﳉﺍ ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ ﺘﻤ ﺔﻌ . ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﱘﺮﲡ " : ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ " ﲏﻣﻷﺍ ﻱﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍ . ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﻨﻣﻭ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ :" ﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻫﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟ . ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻃﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ : ﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ ﹴﺝﻭﺮﻤﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺴﻜﻌﻳ ﻡ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣﻭ ؟ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ :" ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻯﺪﻣ . ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ .
ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻞﺛﺎﲤﻼﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ . ﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟ : ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ : ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺾﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻗ ؟ ﻊﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ : ـﻟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻮﳓ " ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ ،ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ : ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺗ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ." ﺎــــﺧ ﺔﲤ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ABBRIVIATION
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ACP Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Countries AOP Action-Oriented Paper
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COPPS Civilian Organization in Palestinian Police Security COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives (of the EU) CET Common External Tariff
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forms of Discrimination Against women DSR Document de Stratégie Régionale
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ﺎﻤﻛ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺪﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺀﺎﺟ (Barry Buzan) ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺈﺑ ﻥﺮﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻣﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﲔﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺯﺮﺑﺃ ﺎﺍﺫ ﺪﺣ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ . ﳍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ،ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻣﺎﻨﺗ ﻢﻀﺧ ﰲﻭ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎﳑ ﻲﻣﻮﻗ ﱪﻋ ﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ ﲑﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﺘﻳﻭ ﻒﻌﻀﻳ . ﻒﻟﻭﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺳ ﻆﺣﻼﺗ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ) Sarah Wolff ( ﻓ ، ،ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﲨ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﳍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻃﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱄﺎﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻥﺈ ﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﻭ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﺓﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻜﻟ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺔﻣ ؛ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺔﻠﺘﻛﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺄﻓ ﺗ ،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﻌ ﻻ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻄﺧ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﱃﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺎ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﲏﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﺍﻭﻭ ﺎﺎﻛﺭﺪﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻑ ﻕﺮﻔﺗ ﺎﺗﺎﺘﺑ ﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻲ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ،ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﳝﺮﳉﺍ ﱴﺣﻭ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣﻭ . ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﰲ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻘﻟ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " 1 ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ (Justice and Home Affairs Policy-JHA/Politique Justice et Affaires Intérieures-JAI)
ﺖﻴﻈﺣ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ﺿﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﺑ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢ ﻦﻣﻸﻟ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﻑﺪ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ . ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺷ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺔﻔﻀﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻣ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺔﻣﺎﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ، ﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺻ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﻣ ﻖﻄﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋ ﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﺪﻨﺟﺃ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻯﺪﲟﻭ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﺔﻳﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢ ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻼﺼﻠﻟ ﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﲔﻴﻄﺳﻮ . ﺃ ﻮﻫ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻟ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﲏﺒﺗ ﺔﻴﳘﻷ ﺓﺮﺴﻔﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺣ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻝﺎﳎ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ؛ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻭﻭ ﺕﻼﺠﺳ ﰲ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﻣﺩﺇﻭ ﺮﻛ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺱ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﻑﺪﻬﻛ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻪﺘﺳ ﻪﻧﺇ ﻞﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺄﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﳏ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﺄﻛ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺍﺰﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﱪﻛﺃ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ ﻮﳓ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻣﺆﺗﻭ ﻖﺒﻄﺗ ﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻝﻭﺩﻭ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻭ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺎﺃ ﺱﺎ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺃﺪﺒﲟ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ " ﺖﻳﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍ " . 1 ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﺎﻣ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ :" ﻔﺿﺃ ﱪﻤﻓﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﺗﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﺣ ﺖﻠﺧﺩ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺖﳜﺮﺘﺳﺎﻣ ﺓﺪﻫﺎﻌﻣ ﺖ 1993 ﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ ،ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺪﻳﺪﺟ " ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ " ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲏﻌﺗ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻓ ؛ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ؟ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻊﻠﻄﻀﺗ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﻝﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺐﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ) ﻙﺍﺬﻧﺁ ﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﺴﻤﳋﺍ ( ﱃﺇ ﺎﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﺍﺭﺍﺯﻭ . ﻟ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧﻭ ،ﻙﺭﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﲔﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺍﻮﺤﻠ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ . ﲔﻨﺛﺍ ﲔﻘﺸﺑ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﲔﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﻳ : ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﳝ ،ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ؛ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺎﺑ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ،ﻝﺎﻔﻃﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻀﺣ ،ﻕﻼﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻤﻬﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺘﺑ ،ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲎﻌﻴﻓ ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭﺃ ﲔﺘﻟﻭﺪﺑ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .
I -ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﻤﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧ ﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺳ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸ -ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﺇ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﰲ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺹﺮﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻖﻴﻤﻌﺗﻭ ،ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪﻭ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺣﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍﻭ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ، ﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺈ ﱃﺇ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﺘﳌﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﳎ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ." ﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻧﻮﻠﺷﺮﺑ ﺮﲤﺆﻣ ﺪﻛ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﻢﻣﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻣ ؛ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﻱﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻖﻓﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﳊﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﺿﺮﻔﻳ . ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﻹﺍ ﺖﻠﺜﻣ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻴﻟﺍﱪﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔ ﳍ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ " ﺮﳝ ﻪﻋﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻪﻋﺩ " ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺍﱪﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻻﻮﺻﻭ . ﻫ ﺪﻛﺆﺗ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺀﺎﻀﻓ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ " (area of freedom,
security and justice-AFSJ/ espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice-ELSJ) ( 1 ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻬﻇ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ، ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻝﺎﳎ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺪﻌﺑ ﰲ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻫ . ﻖﻠﺧ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺴﺗﻭ ﺀﺍﻮﺘﺣﺍ ﰲ ﺔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟ ﺀﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻣﺃ ﻡﺍﺰﺣ ﺔﻣﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﲑﻴ ،ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﳕﺇﻭ ،ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺺﲣ ﻻ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﳌﺍ ، ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺔﻨﺒﻟ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ . ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺮﻬﻈﺗﻭ ﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﲑﻴﺴﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺎ ﲢﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺫﺇ ؛ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻄﳋ ﺩﺎ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ؛ﻪﺣﺮﻃ ﰲ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻑﺪﻬﻳ ﻷﺍ ﻪﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺔﻔ ﰲ ﲏﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ . ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻥﺇ ﺮﻳﺪﺼﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻢﻋﺪﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻂﺑﺭﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﻩﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺑ ﻪﺘﻧﺎﺳﺮﺘ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ . ﻹﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﻌﺑ ﺎﻧﺬﺧﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻗ ﻮﻫ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺎﻤﻛ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﻴﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻳﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻛﺯ ﻝﺎﺜﻣﺃ (Zaki Laidi) ﺯﺮﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻭ (Ian Manners) ﻮﻟﺭﺎﺷﻭ ، ﺕ ﻥﻮﺗﺮﺛﺮﺑ ) Charlotte Bretherton ( ﻥﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﻠﻏﺎﻓ ) John Vogler ( -ﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﰲ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﻗ ﺲﻤﻠﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺬﺋﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻨﻧﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻴ 1 ﻣ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻮﻫ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ـﻟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ " ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲏﻌﺗ ، : 1 ( ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺑ ﻻ -ﻥﻮﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻬﻠﻘﻨﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﻢﻬﺸﻴﻋ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﻭ ﻢﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟ ﻢﻫﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﰲﻭ ﻢﳍﺍﻮﻗﺃﻭ ﻢﺎﻓﺮﺼﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﲝ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻠﻟ ﻢﻫﲑﻴﺴﺗﻭ ﻢﻬﺋﺎﺸﻧﺇﻭ ﻢﻫﺮﻔﺳﻭ ؛ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﻥﻮﺒﻏﺮﻳ ﺎﻤﺜﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ 2 ( ؛ﲔﻣﺮﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﻄﺿﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﺏﻮﺟﻭ 3 ( ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺶﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺔﻳﺎﲪﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ . ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗﻭ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ،ﲔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ -ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ -ﻷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺎﲪ ﻢﺘﺗ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺶﻴﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﶈﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺎ ﻊﻔﺘﻨﻳ ﱂ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﳍﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻔﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ ﻥ ﻢﻴﻠﺳﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ .
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ؛ﲔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺐﻃﺎﳜ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺎﻓ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﻣ ﻖﻄﻨﲟ ﻑﺎﺼﳌ ﻲﻗﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﳌﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻛﺮﺷ ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﰲﻭ ،ﺎﻫﲑﻳﺎﻌﲟ ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﺮﳝ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ . ﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﳌﺍ ﺭﺪﲡ ،ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﳏ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻢﺣﻼﺗﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ﻯﺪﲟ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﺸﻧﻭ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﺑ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﲟ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻬﻠﻀﻔﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻬﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻪﺋﺎ . ﻥﺇ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺤﻗﻹ ﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻞﻛ ﺍﺀﺰﺟ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻞﻛ ﻖﻴﺒﻄ ﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔ ،ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻠﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﺄﻛﻭ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ،ﺔ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ،ﻱﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ .. . ﺎﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ . II -ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﱪﻣ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ : ﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺎﻳﺍﻭﺰﻟ ﻡﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌ ﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﻛ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﺔﻴﺣ ﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﻭ ﺎﺜﻳﺪﺣ ﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺠﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ . ﻣ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻱﺫ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻮﻫ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺎﻧﺎﻋﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﲔﺘﻄﻘﻧ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ،ﺔﺟﻭﺩﺰ ﲔﺘﺴﻴﺋﺭ . ﱂﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻤﳍﻭﺃ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﻤﻬﻴﻧﺎﺛﻭ ، ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺎ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻝﻭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺳﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ -ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻞﻇ . ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﳍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻯﻭﺪﺟ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ﻠ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺔﻔﻀﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺮﻄﺗ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻣ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺖ ﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺔﺤﺷﺮ ﺎﺗﺎﺘﺑ ﲔﻓﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇﻭ ﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺗﻭ ﺎﺿﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻧﻼﻟ . ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺢﺴﻔﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺏﻮﻨﳉ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﰲ ﺐﻠﻐﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﻪﺗﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ 1 ﺏﺎﻴﻏﻭ ، " ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﻏﻹﺍ " ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﻟ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻣﺪﻗ ﻲﻀﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ 2 . ﺩﺎﲢﻻﺍ ﺎ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟ ﺰﻴﻔﲢ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻷﺍ ﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭ ،ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘ ﻦﻜﻟ – ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﲔﺒﺘﺳ ﺎﻤﻛﻭ ﺩﺎﺣ ﺮﺗﻮﺗ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻩﺬﻫ . ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺒﻓ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ " ﺀﺍﺮﻏﻹﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ " ﻥﺈﻓ ، ﺾﻬﳎ ﻲﻃﺍﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﳌﺍ ﻣ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻦ ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ . ﻭ ﺲﻜﻌﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻚﻟﺬﺑ 1 ،ﺮﺘﻨﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ " ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﳌﺍ " ﻡﻮﻳ ﻊﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺢﻔﺼﺗ ﰎ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ، : 7 ﻳﺮﻓﺃ ﻞ 2011 . <http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E6D4B41A-430B-454C-8279-8055696294D0.htm#0> 2
Abdennour Benantar, «Politique européenne de voisinage et le Maghreb ». In. Abdennour Benantar (dir). Europe et Maghreb : voisinage immédiat, distanciation stratégique (Alger : CREAD, 2010), p. 99.
ﻝﺎﺣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺩﻭ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻝﺎﳎ " ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ." ﻥﺃ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﳛ ﲔﻠﻴﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﲔﻬﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬﻫ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻳ ) ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ( ﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ، ﻢﻴﻘ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲﻭ ،ﺓﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻡﺍﺰﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺒﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ . ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﲝ ﻮﻫ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲﻭ ﺔﻤ 1 ، ﰲ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﻓ ﺏﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻝﺎﴰ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ -ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﺲﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺣﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺓﺪ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﴰ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ . ﻩﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﺗﺪﺟﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺛﺍﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑﻭ ؛ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺎ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻮﻔﻄﺗ 2008 ﲔﺣ ، ﻤﻜﺘﺳﺍ ﻞ ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﱘﺮﲡ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻠﻄﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺓﲑﺧ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻻﺯﺎﻨﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻛ ﺎﻣﻭ ، ﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﳝ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺍﺮﻣﺃ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﲡ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ . ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﺗ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺪﳊ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻬﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﺛﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺩ ﻥﺇ ﻞﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺑ ،ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍ ﱘﺮﲡ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺀﺎﻐﻟﺇ ﺱﺭﺪﺘﻟ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﻪﺘﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻌ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺃ ﰲ 2008 ، ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺍﺯ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺩﺮﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲔﺒﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻌﺑﻭ . ﻨﻜﻟ ﺎﻨ ﻟ ﺎﻣﺎﲤ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﳒ ﺔﻴﺑﺭﺎﻐﳌﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﺪ ﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺎﻛ ،ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞ ﻡﻮﻘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺣﺮﻄﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻁﺍﺮﳔﻻﺍ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﻪﻨﻴﺒﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ، ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﰲﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺇ " ﺔﻧﻭﺪﳌﺍ " ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗﻭ " ﺔﻌﻤﺘﹶﳉﺍ " ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻦﻤﻜﺗ ﺎﻨ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻗ . ﺎﻣﺃ ﻻﻮﻴﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﲞ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺪﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﻢﻬﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﻧ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺍﺬﻬﻛ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﰐ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻜﲤﺃ ﱴﺣ ،ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ) ﻩﺍﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻃﺃ ( ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻱﺪﻠﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﲔﻌﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﳊﺎﺼﳌ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻞ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿﻭ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻬﺟﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺞﻀﻧ ﻦﻋ ﱪﻌﻳ ﺎﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺒﺗ ﻟ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺍﺬﻜﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮ ؛ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﺠﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻭ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﺪﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﲤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻭ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﲏﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﲔﻟﺎﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻁﺍﺮﳔﻻﺍﻭ ، . ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲏﺑﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻮﻫﻭ ﻴﻓ ﺡﺮﹸﻃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﲟ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬ ﲑﻳﺎﻌ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﻝﻭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﰲﻭ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻘﻣ ، ﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﺑ ﺖﻤﻈ ﰲ 2008 -ﺺﺼﲣ " : ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺑﺭﺎﻐﻣﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ " ، ﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﺛﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﺤﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﻘﲟ ،ﲔﺤﺟﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺨﻠﻟ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﲏﻌﺠﺷ ﺎﳑ ﺽﻮ ﰲ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ . 1 Ibid., p. 105.
III -ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ،ﻻ ﻡﺃ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﱃﺇ ﻊﻠﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﲟ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺮﻘﺘﻳ ﱴﻣﻭ ﻊﻠﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺃ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﱴﺣ ﺍﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻢﻣﺃ ﰲ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻗﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺜﲝ ﻲﻣﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻼﻜﺷ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﺍﺫ ﺪﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﺻﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻧﺬﺧﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻊﻠﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ ،ﰐﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺷﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻼﻜﺷﻭ ،ﰐﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟ ﺍﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﺍﺀﺰﺟ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﻞﻀﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﻉﺍﺮﺻ ﰲ ﻞﻀﻓﻷﺍ ﻪﻠﻴﻠﲢ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ ،ﻩﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺎﻌﺒﻃ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﲔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﻛﺮﺸﺑ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ " ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸ ﺔ ." ﰲﻭ ،ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺀﻮﺿ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ : ﺎﲢﻻﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻞﻫ ﺩ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ،ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺎﳚﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﰲﻭ ﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﲦ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍﻭ ﺍﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﻒﻴﻀﺗ ﺎﺃ ﻡﺃ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺍﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻛ ؟ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺴﳊ ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ،ﺓﺪﻋ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﲑﺜﺗ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﺝﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ : ﳌﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺍﺫﺎﳌﻭ ،ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺰﻴ ﻢﻜﺣ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻛ ﻪﻟ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺓ ﲔﺠﻫ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﻭﺫ . ﰒ ﰲ ﺔﲦ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻒﻴﻛ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴ ؟ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻧﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑ ﻞﻫ ؟ 2 -ﻺﻟ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻒﻴﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻓﻮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍﻭ ) ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ( ﲔﻬﺟﻮﺘﻛ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﲔﻠﻴﻘﺛ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﻖﻠﳋ ﻪﻴﻌﺳ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭﺭﻭﺃ -ﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔ ـﻟ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ "؟ 3 ﻞﻫ " ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ " ﳌﺍ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﳊﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻃﺮﻘﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺝﺫﻮﳕ ﺹﻮﺼﲞ ﻞﺋﺎﻔﺘ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﲔﻧﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﺜﺘﻣﻻﺍﻭ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ... ﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﱪﻋ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﲡ ﻱﺮﺘﻌﺗ ﺺﺋﺎﻘﻧ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺃ ،ﻪﻠﳏ ﰲ ﻝﺀﺎﻔﺗ ﻮﻫ ، ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩ -ﰊﺮﻐﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﺎﳒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺳ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ؟ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ 4 -،ﺍﲑﺧﺃﻭ ﺓﻮﻗ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻞﻫ ) ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ( ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﻳ ﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗﻭ ﺎﺟﺫﻮﳕ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺮﻟﺩﺃ ﻞﻳﻮﻧﺎﻣﺇ (Emanuel Adler) ﺩﺭﻮﻓﻭﺍﺮﻛ ﱄﲑﻔﻴﺑﻭ ) (Beverly Crawford ،ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺎﺃ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﺩﺪﺤﺘﺗ ،ﻪﻋﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﻮﻤﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻪﺘﳌﻮﻋ ﻯﺪﻣ ﰲ ﺲﻜﻴﻫ (Simon Hix) ؟
IV -ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺔﻴﺗﻵﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟﻭ : 1 -ﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻋ ﲔﲡﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻗﺎﻨﺘ " ﻊﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ " ﻭ" ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ " ﲔﺘﺳﺮﻜﳌﺍ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﳌ " ﻴﻃﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺔ " ﻭ" ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺘﺧﻹﺍ " ﺎﻌﺳﻮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺎﳑ ،ﲔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻪﺋﺎﻛﺮﺷﻭ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻲﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻞﺛﺎﲤﻼﻟﺍ ﺓﻮﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻸﻟ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﳛ . 2 -ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ( ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﺟﺮﳐ ﰲ ﻥﺍﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﲔﻠﻴﻘﺛ ﲔﻬﺟﻮﺘﻛ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ " ﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﳌ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍ ﺏﺎ " ﺔﻨﻨﻣﻷﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ " ﺔﻃﺮﻘﻣﺪﻟﺍ " ﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻮﻤﻄﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﳑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻺﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌ . 3 -ﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ -ﺡﻼﺻﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳎ ﰲ ﰊﺮﻐﻣ " ﻭﺪﳌﺍ ﺔﻧ " ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗﻭ " ﺔﻌﻤﺘﹶﳉﺍ " ،ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﺘﻟ ﺎﻌﺠﺸﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ ﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻ . 4 -ﻳ ﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﺘ -ـﻟ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ " ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺍ " ﻦﻣ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺐﺴﻜﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺷ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺕﻻﺎﻛﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ . V -ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ . ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺃ ﲔﻌﻣ ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻈﻧ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ sub-system) ( . ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺃ ،ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﺴﻤﳋﺍ -ﻲﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻊﻣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﲎﺒﺘﻨﺳ ﺍﺬﳍ ،ﺎﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﰲ ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﱐﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻴﲤ ﺡﺮﻃ ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﱵﻔﺿ ﲔﺑ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ) ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺇ ( ﻞﺜﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ ﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋ ) ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻓ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﻝﻭﺩ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﺘﻟﻭﺩ (... ،ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﺘﻨﺴﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ، ﺳﺎﻴﺳﻮﻴﺟ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻲ . ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﺎ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻠﻟ : -ﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻭ ﻢﻀﺗ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺪﺠﻨﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﰲ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻝﻭﺎﲢ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﰲﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ . ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﱄﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻫ ﺪﻘﻌﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﺑ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ، ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺪﺘﻣﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻜﳊﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺮﻄﻴﺴﺗ ؛ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺟ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺮﻬﻇ ﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﱪﻋ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻗ ﺔﻳﺰﺋﺎﻛﺭ ﱪﻋ ﻭﺃ ، ﺬﻫﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺍ " ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ " ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ . ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ ﻲﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ : - ﻨﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬ . - ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺤﺻ . - ﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﺴﻔﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﳉ ﺕﺎ . - ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﰲ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ . ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻞﻴﻠﲢﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﱂﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺓﻮﻘ . ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺎﻧﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﺻﺃﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟ ﺎﻨﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﻀﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺿﻹ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻄﶈﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻛ ، ﰒ ﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟ ﺎﻨﻗﺮﻄﺗ ﻲﻣﺎﻌﻟ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻛﺍﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺔ 1963 ﻭ 1969 ﻡﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺻ ﺢﻨﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻻﻮﺻﻭ (2008) ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﱃﺇ . ﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻥﺇ ﰒ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺏﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﳊ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭ . ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻭﺬﺣ ﻮﻄﺨﻨﺳ ،ﺍﲑﺧﺃ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﺋﺎﺛﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﻠﻴﻠﲢ ،ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺪﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺋﺭﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻳﺪﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣﻭ ﻢ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣﻭ " ﳌﺍ ﻭﺪ ﺔﻧ " ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﻭﺪﻣ ﻱﺃ ) ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ( ﺔﳉﺎﻌﳌ ﺎﻌﺒﻃ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻐﳌﺍ ﰲ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻥﻮﻜﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺺﻠﺨﻨﻟ ،ﺪ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟﺎﻘﺘﻧﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻭﺬﺣ ﺎﻧﻮﻄﺧ ) ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ( ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ " ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ " ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻛ ﻨﻟ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺿﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼ ) ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ( ﺓﻮﻘﻛ ﰊﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﻹﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﺼﻘﺘﺑ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ . vi -ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺧ ﺮﻳﱪﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻑﻮﺳ ﻔﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺢﺿﻮﻧ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﺪﳓ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺎﺑ " ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ " ﱂﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻬﺳﻹﺍ ﻢﻫﻷ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻊﻣ ، ﺎﻧﺩﺪﺣ ﺪﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺮﺘﻔﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫ . ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﻧ ﱃﺇ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺎﻌﺒﻃ ؛ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﱂﺎﻋ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻦﻣﻷ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺎﻴﻣﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﻠﻣ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﻞﻤﻌ ﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘ " ﻦﻣﺃﻼﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ." ﺮﻘﺘﻔﺗ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺓﺮﺠﳍﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺎﻛ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﻛﺆﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻘﻠﻟ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺮﻬﻈﻓ ،ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ﻊﻴﻴﲤ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻊﻴﻴﲤ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﳊﺍ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ . ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺗ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌﺎﻓ
