Identification of materials properties using displacement field measurement
10
0
0
Texte intégral
(2) ,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIPDWHULDOVSURSHUWLHVXVLQJGLVSODFHPHQWILHOG PHDVXUHPHQW 0)D]]LQLD2'DOYHUQ\EDQG60LVWRXF (1,78QLYHUVLW\RI7RXORXVH/*3DYHQXHG $]HUHL[7DUEHV )UDQFH
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
(4) DQGVWHUHRYLVLRQ>@ ',&LVDQRSWLFDOIXOOILHOGPHDVXUHPHQWWHFKQLTXHZKLFKDSSHDUHGWZHQW\\HDUVDJR>@,WFRQVLVWV LQUHFRUGLQJZLWKDFDPHUDVRPHGLJLWDOLPDJHVRIDVSHFLPHQXQGHUJRLQJDQLQSODQHGLVSODFHPHQW ILHOGDQGFRPSXWLQJWKHLPDJHFRUUHODWLRQE\DSSURSULDWHVRIWZDUH%\DGGLQJDVHFRQGFDPHUDDQG PDNLQJDVWHUHRVFRSLFPDWFKLQJRXWRISODQHPHDVXUHPHQWVFDQEHUHDOL]HG7KHUHVXOWVREWDLQHG ZLWKWKHWHQVLOHWHVWDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH .
(5) . . )LJ8QLGLUHFWLRQDOWHQVLOHWHVWRQDOXPLQXPDOOR\7 9LUWXDO)LHOGV0HWKRG 7KH ILUVW PHWKRG XVHG LV WKH YLUWXDO ILHOGV PHWKRG ZKLFK GHWHUPLQHV WKH PDWHULDO SDUDPHWHUV XVXDOO\ HODVWLF
(6) XVLQJ WKH SULQFLSOH RI YLUWXDO ZRUN ZLWK VSHFLDO YLUWXDO ILHOGV 7R DSSO\ WKLV PHWKRGZHPXVWPDNHDVVXPSWLRQVRQWKHERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQV)RUWKHPRGHOZHDVVXPHWKDWWKH XSSHU SDUW RI WKH VSHFLPHQ LV IL[HG DQG D IRUFH RI 1 LV DSSOLHG WR WKH ORZHU ]RQH LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQJLYHQE\WKHD[LVRIWKHVSHFLPHQ 7KH SULQFLSOH RI YLUWXDO ZRUN ZKLFK UHIOHFWV WKH VWDWLF HTXLOLEULXP RI WKH VSHFLPHQ ZLWK D YROXPH9
(7) XQGHUJRLQJDORDGPRGHOHGE\WKHYHFWRU7DWDQ\SRLQWRQWKHVXUIDFH6ILVZULWWHQ
(8) .
(9) . .
(10) . . ZKHUHLVWKHVWUHVVILHOGDQG YLUWXDOVWUDLQILHOGGHGXFHGIURPWKHYLUWXDOGLVSODFHPHQWV
(11) NLQHPDWLFDOO\ DGPLVVLEOH 7KH FKRLFH RI WKH YLUWXDO ILHOGV LV DQ HVVHQWLDO VWHS ,W LV WKHUHIRUH QHFHVVDU\ WR VHOHFW NLQHPDWLFDOO\ DGPLVVLEOH ILHOGV ZKLFK VLPSOLI\ WKH FDOFXODWLRQV 7KXV LQ RXU FDVHZHFDQFRQVLGHUDILUVWILHOGGHILQHGE\HTXDWLRQV(T. ZKHUH[\DQGVDUHWKHFRQWUDFWHGLQGLFHV [ [[\\ \V [\
(12) .
(13) :LWKWKHVHYLUWXDOILHOGVDQGDVVXPLQJWKDWRXUPDWHULDOLVKRPRJHQHRXVLVRWURSLFDQGHODVWLF WKHILUVWPHPEHURI(TEHFRPHV !" #$ % & $ % '.
(14) . ( )*.
(15) . ZLWK% DQG% DYHUDJHVRIGHIRUPDWLRQVDORQJ[DQG\HLVWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHVSHFLPHQDQG" WKHPHDVXUHGVXUIDFH )RUWKHVLPSOHWHQVLOHWHVWWKHYLUWXDOZRUNRIDSSOLHGORDGLQJLVZULWWHQ . ZKHUH)LVWKHDSSOLHGIRUFHDQG/LVWKHOHQJWKRIWKHVSHFLPHQ (TLVZULWWHQZLWKWKHILUVWYLUWXDOILHOG (T
(16) $ % & $ % . +,. -.. .
(17) . )ROORZLQJ WKH VDPH DSSURDFK WKH XVH RI D VHFRQG YLUWXDO ILHOG (T
(18) FDQ OHDG WR D VHFRQG HTXDWLRQ (T
(19) WKXVIRUPLQJZLWK(TDV\VWHPRIWZRHTXDWLRQVZLWKWZRXQNQRZQV$ DQG $ 7KLVVHFRQGYLUWXDOILHOGLVQRWVWULFWO\NLQHPDWLFDOO\DGPLVVLEOHEXWWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIHIIRUWV GXHWRWKHIL[WRWKHYLUWXDOZRUNRIDSSOLHGORDGLQJLVFRQVLGHUHGQXOORUQHJOLJLEOHE\WKHV\PPHWU\ RIWKHVHHIIRUWVWRWKHYHUWLFDOD[LV / / . / 0 / / .
(20) . $ % & $ % .
(21) . 7KH FDOFXODWHG SDUDPHWHUV XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH <RXQJ V PRGXOXV ( DQG 3RLVVRQ V UDWLR RI RXU PDWHULDOE\WKHIROORZLQJUHODWLRQV . 1 $ 2 3 / 4 - 897. 3 8. 99. :569 567. +,. 67 .5. .
(22) . :LWKWKHSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHVSHFLPHQZHREWDLQDQHODVWLFPRGXOXVRI03DDQG3RLVVRQ V UDWLRRI,WLVSRVVLEOHWRFRPSDUHWKHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGE\WKHYLUWXDOILHOGVPHWKRGZLWKWKRVH REWDLQHG ZLWK VWDQGDUG H[SHULPHQWDO FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ <RXQJ V PRGXOXV WKXV PHDVXUHG LV VHW WR 03D3RLVVRQ VUDWLRFRPHIURPWKHOLWHUDWXUH 7DEOH
(23) %RWKPHWKRGVJLYHFORVHYDOXHV 7DEOH5HVXOWVRIWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIHODVWLFSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHDOXPLQXP7ZLWKYLUWXDO ILHOGVPHWKRG ([SHULPHQWDOPHWKRG 9LUWXDOILHOGPHWKRG <RXQJPRGXOXV(>03D@ 3RLVVRQUDWLRȞ .
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
(25) DILUVWFDOFXODWLRQLV SHUIRUPHGLWDOORZVWRREWDLQWKHGLVSODFHPHQW ILHOG +< RIWKHVSHFLPHQ 7KHGLVSODFHPHQWV DUH FDOFXODWHG DW HDFK QRGH LQ WKH PHVK RI WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PRGHO 7KH PHVK GRHV QRW QHFHVVDULO\ FRLQFLGHZLWKWKHH[SHULPHQWDOPHDVXUHPHQWJULGXVHGIRUVWHUHRLPDJHFRUUHODWLRQDQGWKHUHIRUH WRFRPSDUHWKHWZRILHOGV H[SHULPHQWDODQGQXPHULFDO
(26) LWLVQHFHVVDU\WRNQRZWKHYDOXHVRIWKH GLVSODFHPHQWV DW WKH VDPH SRLQWV 7KXV LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR LQWHUSRODWH WKH UHVXOWV RI ILQLWH HOHPHQW PHVK DURXQG WKH SRLQWV RI WKH H[SHULPHQWDO JULG )RU WKLV WKH DOJRULWKP SHUIRUPV IRU HDFK H[SHULPHQWDO JULG SRLQW D UHVHDUFK RQ WKH QXPHULFDO JULG RI WKH WKUHH SRLQWV WKDW DUH FORVHVW QHLJKERUV 7KLV UHVHDUFK LV FRQGXFWHG ZLWK WKH QRQGHIRUPHG JULGV )URP WKH GDWD FROOHFWHG ZH FDOFXODWH WKH GLVSODFHPHQWV =>?
(27) E\ OLQHDU LQWHUSRODWLRQ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PRGHOIRUWKHSRLQWVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDOJULG.
(28) 7KHFRVWIXQFWLRQGHVFULEHGLQ(T LVEXLOWIURPWKHWZRGLVSODFHPHQWILHOGV -; DQG =>? 7KH PLQLPXP RI WKLV FRVW IXQFWLRQ LV HYDOXDWHG E\ VROYLQJ DQ LWHUDWLYH VFKHPH OLNH /HYHQEHUJ 0DUTXDUGWDYDLODEOHLQWKH3\WKRQOLEUDU\³VFLS\RSWLPL]H´ /. -; = =>? @/ ABC DHIG D? E0F F C G D G AE .
(29) . $SSOLFDWLRQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI HODVWLF SDUDPHWHUV 7KH ERXQGDU\ FRQGLWLRQV XVHG IRU ILQLWH HOHPHQWPRGHODUHGHULYHGGLUHFWO\IURPWKHWHVWDQGFDQWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWWKHHUURUVRISRVLWLRQLQJ RI WKH VSHFLPHQ LQ WKH JULSV DQG WKHLU PLVDOLJQPHQW 7KH XSSHU JULS IL[HG VLGH RI WKH WHQVLOH PDFKLQH
(30) LVFRQWUROOHGLQGLVSODFHPHQWXVLQJGDWDIURPWKHVWHUHRFRUUHODWLRQ7KHORZHUJULS WKH FURVVKHDGVLGHRIWKHWHQVLOHPDFKLQH
(31) LVFRQWUROOHGLQGLVSODFHPHQWRQWKHGLUHFWLRQSHUSHQGLFXODU WRWKHD[LVRIWUDFWLRQZKLOHDIRUFHFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKDWPHDVXUHGE\WKHVHQVRURIWKHPDFKLQHLV DSSOLHGLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHWUDFWLRQ7RVLPSOLI\WKHH[DPSOHDQGDIWHUEHLQJDVVXUHGWKH\ZHUH QHJOLJLEOHRXWRISODQHGLVSODFHPHQWRIWKHVSHFLPHQZHUHQRWWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW . )LJ([DPSOHRIWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKH<RXQJ¶VPRGXOXV D
(32) WKH3RLVVRQ VUDWLR E
(33) DQGWKHFRVW IXQFWLRQ F
(34) IRUWKUHHGLIIHUHQWVHWRILQLWLDOSDUDPHWHUV 7KHDSSOLFDWLRQZDVHYDOXDWHGZLWKDQH[SHULPHQWDOILHOGWRHYDOXDWHWKH<RXQJ VPRGXOXV(DQG 3RLVVRQ VUDWLRQ7KHJUDSKVLQ)LJSURYLGHIRUGLIIHUHQWVHWVRILQLWLDOSDUDPHWHUVWKHHYROXWLRQV RI(QDQGWKHFRVWIXQFWLRQGXULQJWKHRSWLPL]DWLRQSURFHVV:HQRWHWKDWWKHDOJRULWKPFRQYHUJHV WRWKHVDPHVROXWLRQVIRUDOOSRLQWVWHVWHG )LJXUH VKRZV IRU WKH VDPH ORDGLQJ WKH GLVSODFHPHQW ILHOG LQ [ DQG \ GLUHFWLRQ REWDLQHG H[SHULPHQWDOO\DQGE\ILQLWHHOHPHQWFDOFXODWLRQ .
(35) 7DEOH5HVXOWVRIWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIHODVWLFSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHDOXPLQXP7ZLWKWKH ILQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHOXSGDWLQJPHWKRG ([SHULPHQWDOPHWKRG )LQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHOXSGDWLQJPHWKRG <RXQJPRGXOXV( >03D@ 3RLVVRQUDWLRȞ 7KHLGHQWLILFDWLRQ UHVXOWVDUH JLYHQLQ7DEOH :HREVHUYHWKDWWKHPRGXOXVYDOXHREWDLQHGLV OHVVWKDQWKHYDOXHPHDVXUHGZLWKVWDQGDUGPHWKRGVRIFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ . D
(36) E
(37) F
(38) G
(39) )LJ([SHULPHQWDOGLVSODFHPHQWILHOGRQ[DQG\GLUHFWLRQ DDQGF
(40) DQG)(0UHVXOWV EDQGG
(41) $SSOLFDWLRQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI HODVWRSODVWLF SDUDPHWHUV )RU WKH QRQOLQHDU EHKDYLRU RI WKH VWUHVVVWUDLQFXUYHZHKDYHFKRVHQWRXVHWKH5DPEHUJ2VJRRGPRGHO7KLVPRGHOZDVRULJLQDOO\ GHYHORSHG IRU DOXPLQXP DOOR\V ZKLFK FDQ FRUUHFWO\ WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH GLIIHUHQW VWDJHV RI WKH VWUDLQ KDUGHQLQJ FXUYH EXW LW LV DOVR VXLWDEOH IRU RWKHU PHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV >@ 7KLV PRGHO LV LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK WKH FRPSXWHU FRGH $EDTXV XVHG WR VROYH WKH GLUHFW SUREOHP ,W LV SUHVHQWHG DV IROORZV K LJL =. & < A J C J <. M.
(42) . ZKHUH LV WKH VWUHVV WKH VWUDLQ ( WKH LQLWLDO <RXQJ V PRGXOXV N LV D SDUDPHWHU FDOOHG <LHOG RIIVHWWKDWFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHVWUDLQREWDLQHGZKHQWKHVWUHVVUHDFKHVWKH\LHOGVWUHQJWKLH O P 22 & N4 O 4Q1QLVDQH[SRQHQWUHIOHFWLQJWKHVWUDLQKDUGHQLQJRIWKHPDWHULDO Q!
(43) .
(44) )LJ(YROXWLRQRIWKHFRVWIXQFWLRQDQGRIWKHLGHQWLILHGSDUDPHWHUVDVDIXQFWLRQRILWHUDWLRQ IRUWZRYDULDEOHSDUDPHWHUV D
(45) DQGIRUWKUHHYDULDEOHSDUDPHWHUV E
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±SDUDPHWHUV )(08±SDUDPHWHUV 7RHYDOXDWHWKHDELOLW\RIRXUDSSOLFDWLRQWRLGHQWLI\DPRGHORIQRQOLQHDUEHKDYLRUZHXVHGWKH VDPHWHQVLOHWHVWDVSUHYLRXVO\7RJHWDUHIHUHQFHIRUWKHFRPSDULVRQRIWKHLGHQWLILHGSDUDPHWHUV ZHLQLWLDOO\FRQGXFWHGDQLGHQWLILFDWLRQWKURXJKSURFHVVLQJWHVWDVKRPRJHQHRXV)RUWKLVZHXVHWKH WHQVLOHFXUYHRIRXUVSHFLPHQLQVWUXPHQWHGZLWKDQH[WHQVRPHWHU)URPWKHVWUHVVVWUDLQFXUYHZH KDYH WUDLQHG XVLQJ WKH DQDO\WLFDO PRGHO (T
(47) D FRVW IXQFWLRQ XVLQJ WKH VXP RI VTXDUHG GHYLDWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHH[SHULPHQWDOFXUYHDQGWKHDQDO\WLFDOPRGHO7KHPLQLPL]DWLRQRIWKHFRVW IXQFWLRQE\1HZWRQ VPHWKRG\LHOGHGDQLQLWLDOVHWRISDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHPRGHO 7DEOH
(48) .
(49) )LJ3UHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHGLIIHUHQWVWUHVVVWUDLQFXUYHVFRQVWUXFWHGIURPWKH5DPEHUJ2VJRRG PRGHOZKRVHSDUDPHWHUVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLILHGIRUDOXPLQXP7 )RUWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQE\ILQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHOXSGDWLQJZHFRQVLGHUHGWKDWWKHHODVWLFSURSHUWLHV SUHYLRXVO\ LGHQWLILHG ( 03D Ȟ
(50) ZHUH DFTXLUHG 7ZR VWUDWHJLHV KDYH EHHQ LPSOHPHQWHG WKHILUVWFRQVLGHULQJDQH[SHULPHQWDO\LHOGVWUHQJWKPHDVXUHGDW03DWKHVHFRQG OHDYLQJWKLVSDUDPHWHUIUHH7KXVLQWKHILUVWFDVHZHKDYHRQO\WZRSDUDPHWHUVWRLGHQWLI\ EHFDXVH O 03D
(51) LQWKHVHFRQGFDVHZHKDYHWKHWKUHHPRGHOSDUDPHWHUV )LJ VKRZV IRU ERWK FDVHV WUHDWHG WKH HYROXWLRQ RI WKH FRVW IXQFWLRQ DQG SDUDPHWHUV DV D IXQFWLRQRILWHUDWLRQV)RUWKHFDVHVZLWKSDUDPHWHUVWRLGHQWLI\WKHQXPEHURILWHUDWLRQVQHHGHG IRUFRQYHUJHQFHLVDOPRVWWKUHHWLPHVKLJKHUWKDQIRUWKHFDVHZLWKWZRSDUDPHWHUV 7DEOH LQFOXGHV DOO WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH VHW RI LGHQWLILHG SDUDPHWHUV 7KH ILUVW OLQH UHIHUV WR WKH FODVVLFDO SDUDPHWULF LGHQWLILFDWLRQ IURP D KRPRJHQHRXV VSHFLPHQ ZKLOH WKH RWKHU WZR DUH IRU LGHQWLILFDWLRQE\ILQLWHHOHPHQWXSGDWLQJZLWKDQGSDUDPHWHUVUHVSHFWLYHO\IRUWKHVHFRQGDQGWKH ODVWOLQH:HREVHUYHWKDWDOOWKHLGHQWLILHGSDUDPHWHUVDUHIDLUO\VLPLODUUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHPHWKRG XVHG7KHODVWFROXPQVKRZVIRUWKHWKUHHLGHQWLILFDWLRQVPHDVXUHPHQW RIWKHGHYLDWLRQEHWZHHQ WKH PRGHOV DQG H[SHULHQFH 7KHVH VPDOO GHYLDWLRQV UHIOHFW WKH JRRG VXSHUSRVLWLRQ RI FXUYH PRGHO UHVXOWVVKRZQLQ)LJ &RQFOXVLRQ 7HFKQLFDOHYROXWLRQRINLQHPDWLFILHOGPHDVXUHPHQWVKDVHQFRXUDJHGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIPDQ\ W\SHV RI LGHQWLILFDWLRQ E\ LQYHUVH PHWKRGV $PRQJ WKHVH WKH YLUWXDO ILHOGV PHWKRG DQG WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PRGHO XSGDWLQJ PHWKRG VHHP WR EH PRVW VXLWHG WR WKH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI SDUDPHWHUV FRQWUROOLQJEHKDYLRUODZV,IWKHILUVWLVYHU\HIILFLHQWHVSHFLDOO\LQWHUPVRIFRPSXWLQJWLPHVLQFH QRQLWHUDWLYHLWUHPDLQVGLIILFXOWWRDSSO\WRQRQOLQHDUSUREOHPV 7KH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PRGHO XSGDWLQJ PHWKRG UHPDLQV PHDQZKLOH D UREXVW WHFKQLTXH DQG HDVLO\ JHQHUDOL]DEOH,WKDVEHHQLPSOHPHQWHGVXFFHVVIXOO\LQWKLVZRUNWRLGHQWLI\WKHHODVWLFSDUDPHWHUV DQG WKH SODVWLF SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH EHKDYLRU ODZ RI DOXPLQXP DOOR\ 7 $ OLPLWDWLRQ RI WKH DOJRULWKPGHYHORSHGFRQFHUQVWKHPDQLSXODWLRQRIODUJHYROXPHVRIGDWDIURPILHOGPHDVXUHPHQWV ,QGHHG WKH PXOWLSOLFLW\ RI PHDVXUHPHQW SRLQWV DQG RI ORDGLQJ VWHSV VORZV VLJQLILFDQWO\ WKH SURJUHVVLRQ RI WKH FDOFXODWLRQ 7KXV LGHQWLILFDWLRQV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG RQ VPDOO YROXPHV RI GDWD $GGLWLRQDOZRUNWRRSWLPL]HWKHFRGHLVVWLOOQHHGHG.
(52) 5HIHUHQFHV >@ 0*UpGLDF3ULQFLSHGHVWUDYDX[YLUWXHOVHWLGHQWLILFDWLRQ&RPSWHVUHQGXVGHO DFDGpPLHGHV VFLHQFHV6pULH
(53) >@ -3 .OHLQHUPDQQ ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ SDUDPpWULTXH HW RSWLPLVDWLRQ GHV SURFpGpV GH PLVH j IRUPH SDUSUREOqPHVLQYHUVHV3K'WKHVLV8QLYHUVLWpGH/LqJH
(54) >@ 17DUGLHX,GHQWLILFDWLRQGHORLVGHFRPSRUWHPHQWpODVWRYLVFRSODVWLTXHSDULQGHQWDWLRQ3K' WKHVLVeFROHSRO\WHFKQLTXH)UDQFH
(55) >@ 06XWWRQ::ROWHUV:3HWHUVDQG60F1LHOO 'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIGLVSODFHPHQWVXVLQJDQ LPSURYHGGLJLWDOFRUUHODWLRQPHWKRG,PDJHDQG9LVLRQ&RPSXWLQJ9RO
(56) S >@ --2UWHX'FRPSXWHUYLVLRQLQH[SHULPHQWDOPHFKDQLFV2SWLFVDQG/DVHUVLQ(QJLQHHULQJ 2SWLFDO0HDVXUHPHQWV9RO
(57) S >@ .- 5DVPXVVHQ )XOOUDQJH VWUHVVVWUDLQ FXUYHV IRU VWDLQOHVV VWHHO DOOR\V -RXUQDO RI &RQVWUXFWLRQDO6WHHO5HVHDUFK9RO
(58) S.
(59)
Documents relatifs
7KHSURGXFWLRQRIDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKH$87LVDNH\HOHPHQWLQ RXUSURFHVVDVWKLVGHVFULSWLRQLVXVHGLQERWKWHVWJHQHUDWLRQ DQGGHYHORSPHQWDFWLYLWLHV)RUWKHModelling of the
Le traitetnent intigral des rif&rences de la documentation sera assure par le Centre National de D ocumentation Scientifique et Technique, jttsqu'& nouvel ordre... (- 3
We make the hypothesis that the shortest Wikipedia path query that maximally containment Q(W) is the best navigational path to represent in Wikipedia the predicate.. p of the
WR HQVXUH WKDWDOO DVSHFWV RI UHSURGXFWLYH DQG VH[XDO KHDOWK LQFOXGLQJ LQWHU DOLD PDWHUQDODQG QHRQDWDO KHDOWK DUHLQFOXGHG ZLWKLQ QDWLRQDO PRQLWRULQJ DQG UHSRUWLQJ
ETHNIC BOOKLETS SERIES FUND / FONDS DES BROCHURES
(*) ﱄﻮﺼﻟا ) : 335 ﻫـ وأ 336 ﻫـ :( ﺮﻌﳌا ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ،ﲔﻜﺗ لﻮﺻ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﺑ سﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﻦﺑ ﷲا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻲﳛ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑأ ﻮﻫ فو ،ﻲﳒﺮﻄﺸﻟا ﱄﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻩﺮﻛﺬﺗ ﺎﻣو
SPEECH AND HEAD GESTURE SEGMENTATION The mapping between speech and head gestures is done by using the Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs), which could be seen as a collection of
Despite this, trade shows are incredibly relevant in highlighting organizational and inter- organizational dynamics: they gather the main actors of an industry or a
