• Aucun résultat trouvé

Multi-scale Classification of Moving Objects Trajectories

N/A
N/A
Info
Télécharger
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Multi-scale Classification of Moving Objects Trajectories"

Copied!
11
0
0

Chargement.... (Voir le texte intégral maintenant)

Texte intégral

(1) 

(2)     

(3)  !"#%$'&"()*

(4) + -,/.0 1()*

(5) +0.02*. 3547698;3H:=<>G69I?AJL@CK23 BD?9E7F ^_ :=`a:=b9bdg cJhJLK :=eDFR?f i V9:ajR8lc7:aeU8;klFR:a?ml4f9T^ `=FR8;8;:p:=Yq[]k8 n2o?96 60?9PQBR?93HESMOFUNT@<WVXFRPZY\[]8 rs1tWuwv xXyRu ®’Ì Ö§Ž°;²ÑŽÔ!­*ӑ­p°;«pӈ²"Ý ÖŽ°«¬êw±´ ²W­p¶W°;Óp«pÓ*ю¶S±Ý ց²W®—݉Ópӵӈю֎멳W±;ã ®«ˆÑ§²—¶ì7Ý °2­pѧ°;Ó!®—¶‰ÕO«ˆ²"°2Џ®—֎݉®’«ˆ° ˆ « ”HŒ‡’ƒz™;|={~“{S‡|~šL{¤}w‡—€€L›“œ2‚ „›ƒŒƒŠ‚ |a€2€„2„ h–¥|= ˆ†dƒ]‡’œ2{Q„„pŒ2‚Dƒ|ž ˆ‡”5‡p ‚‰“¡w„‡Š€q€2|aŸ1„‹~£¦ H€2ƒ/Œ„ƒŒ2§ƒŠŽ„"ƒ€€p€”"€¡w ƒp”H‘‚©Œp„¨1ƒ’|¢|aƒ’} “{R‡’ƒ’–>{•|+|¢†d”H} „H„‡l–—€Œ2„2~Ž”!ƒŠD€˜‚D€‡q~ª £ ´ ´‰Ö§Ñ­ˆ±;²—®ë‰¶‰«ˆÖŽÑ§®—°l²—ÖŽÓ ¶©³w9Ó2ӈ²’ѧã;Ó1Ïw۞¶²—«ˆ²SÒ «ˆ²W¯]Ì °;Ö§°‘ӝ±«Õw«pÓ²—̉®—Í"®­ˆ«°+®—ÑŽ®’±2¶Ö§°2­ˆ²—²«pÏwÔ宒«ˆÑ§­¶ «ˆ® ²ÀÖ§L³¬±²—±+­pÏS°;®’ѧ®’¶©¶7«ˆ®’«ˆ°½°;Ö§³S­ˆÓˆ°lӈ´‰ÑÓ]®’ÓU«)«ˆÏ¢«pѧ²—²’²!­×=Í"«ˆÑŽ¶©°2®’ÍHÓ]¶S«´R®’³1¶‰²—®—­±2´w®’°—×Öä –—‡—„a›“œ2+„p{RŒ2„|1Œ2ƒ¬ ˆ«p‡Š­p€®’€2¯]„°;€H±«p–²—¡w­p ³~{S´‰š®’«µ~«p|“€5°2­p|a¶· pƒƒ™€1„Ž|¢Ÿ»} „1ºD} €2„„¸€2¡‰„„2‚‰{RƒŒ|=„|¦„2‡] ˜*{ ¹l€5‡Œ{D‡’„{ €€ƒ’|a~{ £ «ˆ²’Ì ϩс®1ӑ֧´©²S°;±;­ˆ®’ÍHÖS­pю«p²WÓd®—Õ«ˆ²5¶ Ò©°«]°2ԑ«µ«p²—°2­p­¾ò´ Õ ­pÝ °;Õw­ˆÑ§Ñ¶ ±«¾Î»®’®!¶‰«]Õ"³S´ ݉с¶‰±2®—ÕwÖw°2­Õ Óµ®Š«p³—®’㊶©ó+ÕHÝ «ˆÒ‰Ì ֎°Ñ±¾Ö§²WÓµ°;®—­µÕ × |aƒ¡w‚‰|ž„*ƒ|=|¢|¦} „2„ {‰›£µƒŠ›€ƒŠ€1€2„‡]–˜¬¸Œ2¡‰Žƒ„2€p €ª" ‘ŽƒŒpƒ’{S|aš’“¡‰‡’ƒ;{šW‡„½‚ †„2 ˆ}wƒ’“|¦Œp‡’}/ €ƒŸ!~§ 5‡†9„€5ƒƒ’¼€2{·‡5‡’–—{‰„a+q~{D{D„„ ÐS´ ѧ­p±2²—°;´RÓ+²W±;ӈ®’°;¶"Ջ®’ÑŽ¶èցӵ²»®—±;ÒR±°!²WÍ"­pÕ ®—®—Õw¶‰°*±°5ÍHÔ*²W­ˆÑŽ«ˆ°*Ì·° "«ˆÌ‰±2°Lю°;®Š¶7Њ«d®—Ô*ÑŽÖÌ ®’Ò‰°2¶5ю֧Ñ\«p«]Ì ³¥°2²’³HϾ±2݉®—Óµ¶5°;­pÒRÓ;° 㠃ƒ1{R‚R– ˆ‡’Œp|¦‡’‡’{‰|a|=ªp~‚‰{‰„¡‰‡’†¡S}w€‘“ŒpŒ}À§ƒŠ€ˆ€} €‡’†9Œ€ƒ|=|¢“} ‡„{™Š‡]ƒ’˜¾q“”"–~‡|=™lªO~{7‡]š˜»|¢‡W} ›¢œ2„½„ƒpŒ2‚W|“€2‚RŸ ˆ¿d‡lƒ—~{RŒ}Àƒ’~qª€ °;˾ÓpÌ Óµ°;°¬¶‰Óp±®’°WÍHäԑ°!°+Ì ®’²Wѧ֧ÍAՉÓ+®’Ï¢«)²W­«p®—±ò7²WѧÍH¶ Î!Í5®*°;­pӈ±2°ѧ«®—²—Ö Ï Í"®’´ ®’­p´‰ò—®—°2­ˆ«ˆ°;ѧ¶7¶ «ˆÎÖ§³!®’¶‰°2­p®—­p֎®’³w«ˆÓˆÑÑ§±0Ó;㫈­۞®¶ × › “„aÁ‘ªh–—„€Œ2 “›„–—Ÿ ¯]±°;²W±­p«ˆÕw²—ѧ­p¶ ѧν°;Ó1«ˆ²Hю¶‹±²—ց®—­ÓpÕwÓµ°2°l­1ӑ«ˆ²’²Ï«p²—Ì ­pÎW°2Í"®—¶ ®’Ñ «ˆ;с°±2®’®’Ö§¶©³LÕÀÍH«ˆ²°;®’±¶‰Ö®—ÑŽ¶ ÓpӈΗÑ\Ï¢Ï¢Ý ³ÖR«p‚‰Ì ƒ°2|=Íæ|¦„2 ®W{ ±€× ã d²’ÏR®—²—±Òw̋¯]°l´‰±®«p«ˆÓ;«ˆä—°;®—­ˆ¶/¶‰ÕÕw«p°;Ì Óp±°¬­p®—ÑŽÒR¶‰°;®’Ó¬Ö§³w«ˆÓµÌ‰ÑÓ0°½´ ÒR­ˆ°2²w̉±2®Š°;ÐSÓpÓ9ѧ²—ѧ­ÓX²’ÓˆÝ Ï´ ®h´R«]²—³S­ˆ´ «ˆ°lс±2Õ½®’ÒSÖX³±2Ö§²W®W´wӈÓ× ÂXÃÅÄWÆ uwv Ç*ȬɬyRu ÊµÇ Æ °2°êw­®ÑÓ]«p«p²—ÑŽ­¶ Ó*ÎH«ˆ´‰²®’±«µ­p«p°;°2®’­p¶‰«ˆ°½Ó2䩶 ®’°2¶‰Ô ÕO´©«ˆ²"®«µ´R«p°2°2­p­ˆ¶‰Ï¢²—Ó;­pä‰Í-«p²O®—Í"¶®’²—´¥¶wצ«ˆÖŽ­ѧ¶ ®¯]°°l±±ց«ˆ®—²WÓp­ˆÓˆÑ§Ñ\°;ë©Ó!±;«ˆ®² × Ô¶ Ñ\°;«]֎³ß˾×=̉°lÞŽàŠ°LÓ]«ál®’Í"â=ãÒ ®’֧˾с¶‰ÓµÌ ®—Ì °"Η°l°2Õ±ÍH²—®’¶S°;­pÐW¶W°;°2«®·­p²—Η²’Ï*°2϶©Í5±­p°°;²ÓˆÐS²—°;ѧÏ®—¶ ­pÎ۞±¶7Ìز—«ˆ°;Òwю­ˆ¯]¶Ù¶‰°l°±«ˆ«;«Ì Ó䰋֎с²wÓڝ±2¶ ®’Ûµ«ˆ²ÜÙѧԾ²—±¶w®—²—×žÕ ÍH®Š®ŠÔ¾³wͽ®’ÓÝw­p®°× «ˆÑ§²—¶¶ ҉²—®—«ˆÓˆÌ °;°;ÕO­>²—ÑŽ¶ÀÍH®H´R²—Óˆ°­ˆ«p«*®—²’¶WÏ9«À´‰­p®°;«ˆì7«ˆÝ °;­ˆÑ§­ˆ¶w°;צÍH҉®W°2Óµ¶7°l«;Õhä!ì7®WÝ Õ °2Õw­p­pѧ°;°;ÓpÓ;ӵ㠰lÕÙѧ¶C«pÌ ° Õw®’Ö§°2Ñ\ÐS«pюс°l±ÓL°;Ó;Ηä¬Ñ§Ð—Ô*°lѧÓ"­p°2­p֧ѧ°;ӈÓp°ÀӋ«ˆ±2²ß²—ÍH¶ °2ÍÔæÝ ¶‰ÓˆÑ§°2±;­p®ÐS«ˆÑ§Ñ§±2²—°;¶©ÓLÓ¥®—®’¶‰¶©ÕÕΗڝ°;¶ Ûµ°2Üå­®Ï¢«pÝ °;¶©Ó"±ց«ˆ®’ѧ²—­pΗ¶ °× ´ €2Œp­pƒ’°;ŽÓˆ„2°2äw¶7²—«‘¶L´©«p®’Ì ´R°»°2­lÕwäw°;­ˆÓp°;±Ö§­p®’ÑŽ«ˆ´ °;«ˆÓdѧ²—«ˆ¶h²5²—«pÌ Ï)°«ˆ­ю®¶ ¯]‰°lÝ ±«p°2²—¶©­p±ю°»°lÓ2²’ãWÏ0۞¶‰­ˆ°lÕwÓµ°2²W°l֎ÕUÝwä7«pю«p²W®—¶)ò7ä7ѧ¶ ²—Î ­ Õ ç®°l«±2®’®—҉݉®WÓµÓµ°°lÓ9²—Ï1²’Ï)«pÌ Ö§²S°>±;®´R«p°;ю²W±݉¶‰ÖŽ®’с։®’­L®—¶‰¶©Õ5®«ˆ«ˆÑ§Ý‰ÍH­ˆ°À°מ²—Ó]«ϝ®’«pÍHÌ ´R°¥°;Õ Õ"®’ѧ«p¶w®·Ï¢²—ѧ­p¶SÍ"З²—®Ö§«pЗю²W°l¶)ÕUãä «ˆ®—ѧ±;¶‰±±²—«½Ý‰¶Wю¶7«9«ˆ²’°;­ˆÏD´‰®­ˆ°2݉«pÓµ®°;«p­µÑŽ×ž²Wӈ¶‰´©Ó;°lãD±ю˾ë‰Ì‰°;Õ½°hӈÕw±;Ñ ®’RÖ§°;°­ˆÖ§°;°2¶‰ÐW±°2°lÖwÓÖ§°;®’®—­pՉ°5Ó0҉«ˆÖŽ²Ý ì7­p­pÝ °;Ñ\Õ·«p°*®Õw«ѧӵ® × ÖŽ¶ ²w°2±2Ô®’«ˆÑ§­ˆ²—°l¶wӵצ°l҉®’®W­Óµ±°lÌÕ±̉ӈ°2®—­p֎Ð7§°2с±¶ °lÎWÓè°;Ó;®’䶉®’ÕéÍH®—²—´ ¶‰´ ÎAÖ§Ñ Ô*±;®Ì‰«ˆÑ§Ñ§±²—Ì'¶©Ó·Õ ­p®’®—«pѧ®åӈ°ÍHÍH²wÕw®—°2¶S֎³ × Î—ÓµÍ"°2«ˆ®—Ì ֎°;D­hӈ±;Õw®’Ý Ö§°—­pюä7¶‰®’綉ÕH«ˆÌ «p°¥­p®’±2¯]°;Ö§®W±ӈ«ˆÓˆ²—ÑŽ­pë©Ñ§±2°;®’Ó+«ˆÔ*ѧ²—ѧ¶ØÖ ‰«p´ °2­ˆ¶‰²wÕL±2°;«ˆÓp²Ó2ã ÒR1°¶ØÍ5°;«p­ˆÌ ÎW°¥°;Õ5±²W«p¶w²’×× ÑŽ±¶ °2Ω­ˆ«pä®—ѧю¶‰¶7Õw«]³W°2ä—êw¶ ю¶ ²—ÎØ«ˆÑŽë©²’±2Ï5®’«ˆ±ѧ²—²—¶7¶h«pю®—¶S¶‰Ý ÕL²W݉­pÓµ²—Ö§Ýw³Ø«pю°2¶‰Ð—βW֎ӵÐS°;ѧ­ˆ¶ ÐSΤс±°lÖ§²wÓ2ä7±2®°««pю±’²WãH¶‰ÛžÓ;¶LäÝ «pÌ ¶ ° × «ˆ®’­¶ ®’²—­p«ˆ³—Ì ä°;®­+«]ց®’Ô‘­p²»Î—°L«ˆ­Óp®±2¯]®—°l֎±°"«ˆ²WÔ*­ˆÑ§Ñ§°;Ö Ó+®’Ô*Ö§Ñ\«p²ÌOÔӈ«p֎ѧ²>ΗÌ7Õw«ˆÑ§Ö§Óµ³H«ˆÑ§Õw¶ ѧÎWÓµÝ «ˆÑ§Ñ§¶‰ÓˆÌ·±«dϢϢ­p°;²—®’Í «ˆÝ ­p²—°;¶ Ó;° ã ´ ´‰­ˆ®’°l­pӵю¶‰°;¶7ÎC«‘®’´‰¶©®—Õ´©°;®’­¾ÎWÔΗ°­p°2®—Î7Չ®Õw«ˆÑ§­ˆ¶ °lÎÙӈÓÍH«pÌ ²°»ÐSѧѧ¶ ÓpÓµÎZ݉°²WÒw²—Ï0¯]°;±2±Ö§«p®WӋӈӈ«ˆÑ\Ï¢­³S®Ñ§¯]¶ °lΉ±«ˆäw²W±2­ˆ²—ѧÍ5°;Ó;× ä À®»Ì ²—ѧ­pΗ°2Ì"²ÐW­p°2°;­9ӈ²—²—Ö§¶‰Ýw°*«ˆÑ§Í5²—¶½Ñ§Î—Ï¢Ì7²—«d­dԾӈ²—®’ÍH¶7«X°!«p´©²®’­ˆÕw«p°;Ó!Óp±p°—ѧã ҩΉ°¬ã§ä®«ˆÌ «p°¬­p®’Ò©¯]°;°;Η±ѧ«ˆ¶ ²—ÑŽ­p¶‰³ÎÔ*®’ÑŽ¶‰«ˆÌÕ Ña±2ã ®’°—Öã§ädÕ Óˆ®°;«ì7®LÝ ®’°2¶‰¶©Õ±°;«pÓHÌ ²—°ϝ´RÖ§²W²wÓµ±2«µ®’מ«ˆ®—ѧ±;²—ì7¶‰Ý Ó;ѧãXӈю틫ˆÑ§²—°¶멲—­p´RÓµ«h°2­±®²W«p¶‰²—Óµ­сӑÕw«ˆ°;̉­5®’̉«1ѧӵ®’«ˆÖ§²WŽ²­ˆÔ ÑŽ× °2¶ ¶‰°2°lÕ©Õ ïä—Ó;äW®—«p¶‰Ì ÕH°»®»Ý‰ÖŽÓˆ²°2ÔQ­¾²’­ˆÏ)°lÓµ«p²WÌ ÖŽ°Ýw«pӵю³w²WÓµ¶«ˆ°;Ï¢²WÍ'­+Ͳ’«pÝ‰Ì Óµ°2«*­Ó;Ò©ã °¬®’°;҉´©ÖŽ°;°1¶‰«ˆÕw²½Ñ§¶ «ˆÎÝ ¶‰²—°1¶H«pÌ Ì Ñ°Ó «ˆÖŽ²W²"¶ ®’Η¶‰Ñ§¶ ®—ν֎³w«ˆÓˆ²L°®H«ˆÌ Η°ѧЗӈ°;´‰¶O®«p´Rю²—²—×a´‰«pÝ °2ÍHÖ§®’´R«ˆÑ§²—²—­¶è®’ÖDWÒ©ã °;Ω̉ãŽä ®Š«pÐS®ÑŽ²Wêw­*сÓ2²’äwÏ9´‰²—Ö§®—Òw¶ ¯]°;°lÓ;±ä «Ó¾°«Ò©±’°2ã¼ï× Ï¢ÖŽ°;²—З­p°!°;Ö+«pÌ ²’Ï!°Ópӈ±2³w®’Ó]Ö§«p°H°2Í髈²>Í«ˆÌ Ý©°±ÌL®’ÍH´ ´ ²—­p­p²—°¬´‰´R­ˆÑ²®Ô«p°5°;­µÐÏ¢Ý ®—Ö=֎ãÝ 1°WäÝ Í"­d®’ÍHòS²wѧ¶ Õwΰ2ÖU«ˆ±2̉²—°2´R­p°;°Ó× ®’ӵс¶‰ÓXÕ>®’¶‰«ˆ²Õ5±´©²W°;ÍH­µÏ¢²W´‰­ˆ®’Íð­pѧӈ±²—Ö§¶©Ý‰Ó2Ó]㏫pñ!°2­p°2ю¶‰êS«+ÎÔ®—°!¶‰Õ‹®WÕ ÓˆÕwѧÍ5­p°;ѧÓpցÓ®’­p«pÑ\­p«]®W³7±צòS҉ю®—¶ ӈλ°;Ջ®’´‰®’´ ¶‰ÖŽ®—с±2֎³7®’×× Ô*Ñ\«p˾ÌÌ «ˆ°XÌ ë‰°lÓµ­°»Ó]«0­p±°;²—ì7¶7Ý «pѧ­ˆ­ˆÑ§°;Ò Í5Ýw°;«pю¶7²W«p¶Ó;ã ²’ÏS«ˆÌ °d´ ­ˆ°lÓµ°;¶7«)´‰®’´R°2­ѧÓ®¾Í5²wÕw°;Ö «ˆÚÑ§²—ó¶‰Ü7ӝצ֎Ô*ѧò—Ì °¬Ñ±Õ Ì‹°2ÐS­pѧ°;±2±2°;°2Ó;ѧä—З®’°5¶©­ˆÕ"°l®’Õw֎°;×a«pÓpю±ÍH­pю°5ÒR°¬ÑŽ¶ ®Ï¢²—ì7­pÝ ÍH°;­ˆ®’³½«ˆÑ§²—Ö§®—¶‹¶ Η´ Ý©­ˆ²®’ÐSΗс°¾ÕwÔ*°;Õ¥Ì ÑÒS±̳ «ˆÍÌ‰Ý ®’ÖŽ««ˆÑŽ×ž®—ÓˆÖŽ±;§²®’Ô!Ö§°ßÓ"­p«p°2²Q´ ­p±°;ցӈ®—°2Óp¶7ӈÑ\«pÏ¢®’³Q«ˆÑ§«ˆ²—­¶ ®¯]²—°lÏh±«ˆ²W«pÌ ­ˆÑ§°Ø°;ÓhÕ Ô*²—Í"Ñ\«pÌÙ®’ѧ¶ ­p°;ӈ®—´©­ˆ°l°l® ±«h䝰;«p²Q®—±Ì® ӈ±;®’°Ö§°ӈюÍH֎°;´ З°2Ö§³hÖ¬ÕwÒ©°2°;ë‰ÑŽ¶ ¶ Τ°®·®|a´© p®’ƒž­ˆœ2«ˆ„юŒ«ˆ|žÑ§‡²— ¶Øª²’‚‰Ï»ƒ|=«ˆ|žÌ „°> {½Õ «ˆ²—²HÍ"ÒR®’°ѧ¶®½ÑŽÓˆ¶ °;ì72Ý ²W°;¶ ¶‰°;±Ó;° 㠋 í ôõöa÷!øùö¢ú=ûqùü¼ ý¬þaÿŠøŠø’õö“ú ý*ú ö *øŠö“õ žú ²’Ï ;²—¶ °lÓ2äl®’¶‰Õѧ¶7«ˆ°;­ˆ´ ­p°«0Ñ\«9®—Ó«ˆÌ °‘Óµ°2«²—Ïw«ˆ­®¯]°;±«ˆ²W­ˆÑ§°;ÓÔ*Ì Ñ§±Ì ∗. %. &. ('. *). +). -,. .. %. 0/. -1. 32. 4. !5. 02. 6,. ∗. !#"$. . .  

(6)  .   . 0,.

(7)   

(8) 

(9)  

(10)

(11)      

(12)  

(13)      .      . .       .          .                                               0ѧΉã)à‰ÜS°2ÐW°2­®’ÖD´‰®—­µ«pÑ\«pю²W¶ ю¶‰ÎWÓ¾²’Ï«ˆÌ °Óp®’ÍH°®’­p°;®  !#"%$'& «ˆÖŽ±°lÌ ­pӈ²W°!Ó0ÓpÓpÓ¾Óµ±2ѧÍH«ˆ®—Ì ֎ю°‘°lց®’ÓµÖŽ°°;­З«ˆ2°;­²WÖw®¶ ²’¯]°;°lÏDÓ1±ю«ˆ¶7ю²W¶>«ˆ­ˆ°;ѧ­ˆ«ˆ°;°lÌ Ó;Ó]°5ã2«lí/䏭ˆ´‰°l°ì7®Ï¢Ý «ˆ²—«ˆÑŽ­p°;­pÍH°;­ˆ¶‰Õ®—Ó+֎²WÑ Ô*2­p°+Õ ÑŽÖ§°2«ˆ ­lÌ ±2ã с®—Ó01´wю«ˆ°2¶7Ý ´R«ˆ­p݉°2°¾¶‰Ñ\«pÍHÕwю²Wѧ²—¶ ¶)­pÎ䊰‘°²—²WêS¶ ­× «ˆ´©Ñ²W®’­µÖ§X*Ž«³h°;«ˆ±;Ò©­®’®²WÖ§¯]X­ˆ°;­p«ˆ±²Ì‰«ˆÔ²W®’°l«­ˆÕ"³>®Ï¢´©­p´‰®²—®’«µÍ歈«p«ˆ°2ю­pÞ§«ˆàW¶‰Ñ§V²—Ó;â=¶/ãã ˾²’Ì Ï ÑÓ½ÓˆÑ§´‰Ó®W®±°"ë©ÍH¶ Ñ\²w«p°LÕw°2ÓµÖ§°2ю¶‰«Î>²’Ï ѧӽ2²—´‰¶‰®—°;­µÓ× «ˆÌ ѧю¶‰Ò‰ñ¬±Ñ\««¬°êSÓpÕw±2«°2®—´R֎Ô°2°»¶©°/Ö§Õw°2ÕwЗ°2°;¶‰°;ÓpÖ§±2Ó;±юäw­p°lюӬ®’ÒR¶‰ÒR°·Õ°®¤«]ÎWԑю´‰ÐW°2°°;®’¶¥«µ±2«ˆÖ§°;´‰®W­ˆ®’Óˆ¶ ӈ«µ×=Ñ\«pëR҉°2®W±2­p®¶‰Óµ°l«pӬюՕ²W°2¶Oêwì7´ Ý ®—­ˆ°2֎°lÎW­pӈ²—³ӈ­p°;Ñ\Ö§ÕÀ«p®—Ì ¶ ®’Í"Η«»Ý‰Ó2Õ ã®—Ñ§Î—Óµ°× ²’Ï Ý Ð—°;ãU­ˆÎW0¶ ѧ°—ΗäÝ ­pю¶O°/ӈ݉à ±­ӈÌÙ®’Ì ¶‰²«p±2Ô!̉°l®ï"Ó5« Ô*®’¶Qю«ˆÌZ®—­ˆ°l«]Ô®¤²QpÕw²—ѧ݉ӵΗ«ˆ®’Ñ§Ì ¶‰¶©Ö§±³/Õ ««ˆ´‰Ì ®—°­µ«p­pÑ\°2«pΗю²Wѧ²—¶w¶ × Ô*҉®—Ì ӈѧ°;±Õ"Ì"²W®—¶L֎§²«pÔ!Ì °2ÓXѧ®’­¾¶H«ˆ­²—®¶ ¯]×=°lÖ§±ю¶‰«ˆ²W°¾­ˆ±2ѧ°;Ö§®WÓ;ӈã—Óˆí/ю며±2®’Óµ«ˆÌ‰Ñ§²²—Ô•¶5²’«ˆÏỦ®’ÍH«²«pÐ7Ì Ñ§¶ °»Î»Ý ²—¶‰Ò Õw¯]°;°;­ˆ±Ö§³7«Ó× ÑŽÑ§¶‰Óµ«ˆÎW­Ó;®ã—«p˾юÐWÌ °"°*´‰ë‰®’­­ˆÓµ«ˆ«+ю«ˆ²—ѧ²—¶ ¶Ù°î“î“ÖŽÑŽ°2¶åÏ~«–6´‰Yž®—‚ ­µƒ’« ï9|¦„2±”"²—­p„­p{©°;ӈ|“€µ´©ï²W¶‰Ô*Õ Ì‰Ó0°2«ˆ­p²½°;®—®’Ó¶"«ˆÌ ®—Õw°ÍHÓµ°lѧ¶w±×× ÑŽ°2¶ Џλ®’Ö§´‰Ý‰®—®­µ«p«pю²WÑ\«p¶Oю²W²—¶HÏ9ю«ˆ¶ Ì 2°l²WÓµ°¶ °;ì7Ó9Ý ´R°;°2­ˆÑ§­p°;ÍHÓ!Ñ\®W«Ó9Ó!«ˆ®"²Õw̩с®’Óˆ±2¶‰­ˆÕw°2Ö§«ˆ°¾°«ˆ´ ̉­p°!²w±±²—°l¶7ӈÓ;«pю㠶SÀÝ ²W²—݉­p°Ó ²—¶‰ÕOZ ֎²—°l¶‰®’°H­p֎³5ˆÑ§«ˆÎ—̉Ì7°«*±2´‰²—®—¶‰­µÓˆ«ѧï¾Õ °2±­p²—°;¶©ÕHӵс´‰Õw®—°2­µ­«pÓ¾Ñ\«pӵю´©²W®—¶L±°»Ñ§Ó‘Ýw±«p֧ю²WÖ§ÓˆÑ ;°2®Ö§³H«pю²W­ˆ°;¶)֧㮒«ˆ°lÕH«ˆ² ¶«ˆ Óµ²5´Rѧӈ°;«ˆÍ-±2Ì Ñ\ë©°»«ˆ±;²"­p®’°;«p֧ӈŽ°;Ý ³WÓµäU֎«1«¾Ô®²—°L«1Ï0®HÕ ®—¶S°;ì7Óp³hÝ ±­p°2ѧ¶‰ÑŽ­pÒR³—Ó]°"«ä ®’®—®À¶7¶‰«¬ÓµÕѧÔ*ÍHÓµÌ Ì ´ °2²ÖŽ«ˆÔZ°LÌ °;®—Ì ­1¶‰²Õ‹®—ÔÙ¶À° «pL²—²5Òw±Í"¯]ѧ°l°2®—±¶7ю«¬«¶7ÒR«pÍH®—°2ю°;Ö§¶O²—±¶ ̉юÎ7¶ ®’Ó×× «ˆ®!®’²è¶‰ÓˆÕh´©«p°lÌ ±±°¥²—ÑŽÍHë©Ý©±9ÍHÓµ«ˆ°;̉²—­W¶L°2[ ÓLÍ"ӈ±´‰®Ì «p®’²Wѧ«ˆ±Xѧс±2®’ѧ°>¶7ÖD«ˆ®’®’°;¶‰¶‰­ˆ®—´ Օ֎­p³w°±2ӈ«²—ѧ®ÓX¶‰«pÍHӵю²W«ˆ°lю¶«ˆ±Ýw²’̉«pÏ ®’°;Óµ¶ Ó´©ÑÓˆ®—®¤Í ±°Xì7Þ§Ô*Ý àFю*’̉«ˆâ=°¥Ñ§ã±Ì¬±2Ö§­p°2®W°;ë‰ÓˆÓˆ¶ ӈ²—ѧѧ±;­ˆ¶ «p®’Î Ó Ö ´ ²—±­pÝ ­ˆ°2²—­¾ÍH«ˆÍH²—°2«]¶7²w³7«pÕw´R®—°2°֎ÖU§³Ô*«p²H«pÌ‰Ì Ñ§Í5±°!Ì·²ì7ÐSÝ ±ѧ²W°2¶ ¶‰­pÎH³Ó]«p²—­pÑ\Òw«p°;Ýw¯]ӈ°lÝ «ˆ±°l֎«¾«;ӻ㒫ˆ®hí/­®—´ °!±­òS®’®—ѧց±¶ Óµ«ˆÎ‰²с±2ã Õw®—°lÖ9ӈ®—±2´ ­ˆÑ§´ ÒRÖ§°*Ñ ±;Ò ®­ˆ«pѧю°²W©¶>³½²’® Ï Ô*³—Ñ\«‘²WÌ Óµ¶‰ÑÝ ±ÕHLÌÀ«ˆ±2̉´‰°;°»®’ÓX­ˆÓp«p«ˆ±²ю²W«ˆÑ§´©¶ ²—²—°1¶‰«ˆÓ1²’°*Ï)®’«p«p­pÌ‰Ì °®°»«‘­p°2´ °;Ö§­p®—°2°;Џ±ӈÌH®’°2¶7¶7²W«1«Òw®—¯]´‰°;¶‰®—±Õ´©«d°;Ô*ÍH­;ã:Ì ²‰ÑÐ7±²—ѧ̥¶ ­‘ή’²—­pÝ Ñ§°¶"­*¶ «ˆ±̉²’²W°!«¶‰±´‰Ñ§Ó1°;®’­ˆ­ˆÒR¶©«ˆ°Ó2ю×× ä Õw®—Ó5݉±۞®¥¶¥°L҉«ˆ«ˆÌ ®WÌ Óµ°°5сӽÍ­p°;Ï¢Ý Óµ²—«1֎­H«ˆ²’ÑŽ´‰×žÏXӈ®’±;«p«µ®’Ì «ˆÖ§°;с°LÓ1­ˆ¶ÍH´©®’Õw²S´R°lÕ °2ӈ°2­l±2֧䩭ˆÑŽ¶ ѧԑ´wÎ¥°«ˆÑ§²’²—ë‰Ï¬¶©­Ó2ӵӈ«5´‰ã9®—˾îa±2ÜwÌ °L°;°À±Ô*«p±ÑŽÌ ²Wց®—с¶/±Óp̤ӵáWюë©ï*ѧÓ±;ѧ®¶W݉«ˆ«pӈѧ­ˆ²—°;²—Õ¶ × «ˆ2ñ!ѧ²W²—²—¶ ¶ «ˆ°;°5°lÓWՏ«ˆÌ‰Ô®’®’­p°!°;«;®!ӈä̉ӈÔ*®—ѧ¶‰ÑŽÖŽÖ§w±wÒ °5±݉­p«ˆ²Wю̉ցÓpÕH°"Ó²—Óˆ´‰Ý ݉®’­X±2­ˆ±2«ˆ´©°;ю«ˆ®Ópѧ«µÓµ²—«pѧ¶·Ð—°2°;­p¶‰±֎³»²WÓ9¶‰®¬Ï¢Ó]­pӈ«p²—°;Ñ\Í «pì7ÝwÝ «ˆÓµ°;°l݉¶‰Ó±±ÌH«ˆ°Ì Óˆ²’°"°;ωì7Ò©ÕwÝ ®—с°2Ó]ӈ¶©«pѧюӻ±¶©°;±²—Ó;« Ï ã Í5ìW݉²w°2Õw­p°;ю°lÖ½ÓсѧÓ/¶L´ ÜS°;­p°;±ӈ«ˆ°2ѧ²—¶7¶+«ˆ°l*‰Õ ã’˾ю¶éÌ °¬ÜSÜw°;°;±±«ˆ«pѧ²—ÑŽ²W¶)¶-( ,1ä»Ò ®’­pѧ¶‰° Õ‰³´‰Õ ®°;«ˆÓp«ˆ±°2­p­pю¶wÒRצ°;҉Ó0®—«pÓˆÌ °;Õ° ´‰±2®’®«ˆ«ˆÑ§«ˆ²—°;¶‰­ˆ¶‰ÓÓ²’ÏSÕw«ˆ°­뉮¶‰¯]Ñ\°l«p±ю«ˆ²W²W¶)­ˆä2ѧ°;ԑÓ°XÕwÔ*°2´Rю֧°2—¶‰²WÕ Òwю«p¶ ®—Î1ю¶²—ì7¶»Ý «pÑŽÌ «ˆ°+°dÕ «pÌ Ñ§Óµ°2«ˆÍ"ѧ¶‰®’±«ˆ«9с±X±ցϢ®—²wÓp±ӵ݉юë Ó;× ã «ˆ´ ó+ѧ­ˆ²—­ˆ²—²S¶1«ˆ²—²—Ï“0>«]ӝ³7±®—´R²—­ˆ°¶©°5±®’²—Ö§¶‰Ý‰ÍHÕÕwю°;«µÜSÓ«p°;°;«ˆÕU±̉«ˆäѧ°O²—Õ ¶/´‰Ý ®—°H.·´©«ˆ°;²ÀÕw­½Ñ§Ópӈ®—±´‰¶‰Ý©®—Õ¤Óˆ±2ӈ°½°;²WÓH­pÝw°;«ˆ­pÓµÖ§°2«ˆÑŽ¶‰Ö­p®Ñ§°;±«pÓ«ˆ°;ѧÕQÏ¢²—Ýw¶‰«ˆÔÓ;Ý ²WãU­p­ˆ°˾òDÌ ã+Ô°HÜS²W°;­ˆÑŽ¶ òD±×× ã ´‰Õwс®Óˆ«ˆ«ˆ±2«ˆÌ‰Ý‰°;°2ӈ­ˆÍ"ӈ¶‰°;ӑ®ÕO«p²Wѧѧ¶O±;¶/®’®½Ö§Þ§Žà\³ Η,Š­pâ=ѧ㶉ÕS°2צÝw֧ю«pòW­p°!®—´‰Ö ®’­ˆ´‰«ˆ®’ÑŽ«ˆ­ˆÑ§«ˆ²—ÑŽ«ˆ¶Oѧ²—ÑŽ¶>¶±2°;²—ì7¶‰Ý‰Óˆ®—сÖ\Ó]מ«ӈÓ*Ñ ;ю°;¶ÀÕL҉±2Ý °2ю֧ցÕwÓ;äwѧ¶ ®—Î Ó «ˆ}S°2|=­p|q‚4°;Óµ3 56«ˆ°l5©Õ†X­p†X°;†d®WŸ§Õw\ °2“­XŸ ˜с #ÓX5 ­p° Ï¢\°;šW­ˆƒ’­p¡6°;78Õ5:«ˆ9<²»;>«pÌ =?°*5'­ˆ@B°;´©AD²WCF­µE©«!Ÿ ‚‰Þ20;–]⦘äWã ®ŠÐ®’ѧց®’Ò Ö§°‘®’« ])°« ݉Ó涉²Ô «pÝ ­p¶ ²—Ý ­ð®«µ«p°2¶7«ˆÑ§²—¶ «ˆ² «pÌ ° ÑÓˆÓˆÝ ° ²’ÓµÑÏ Õw°;Í­݉ÍHÖ\«p²—Ñ\­pמ°Lӈ±;Óµ®’´RÖ§°æ°;±2Ñ\­pëR°2±2´ ®’­pÖ§°;³¥Óˆ°2¶7«pÌ «p®’°O«ˆÑ§±;²—®—¶)ӈãß°"Ô*í‹Ì ° °2­p°hӈ̉ӈ®—Ô*֎CÑ\«±Ì Ì °2ю¶‰­p° ÎÀÏ¢±­ˆ²W²W¶wÍ × ®Qš’ p„=Ópš7±2ƒ®—|=֎~°/{7š¤Ö§°2З«ˆÌ‰°;Ö ° ;²—¶ «p°l²•Ó>®Qѧ¶±2²W®Ù®’­´‰Óˆ®—°2­h­µ«pÑ\²W«p¶ ю²W° ¶ ä¬Ñ§ÓÀÏ¢²WÕw­ˆ²WÍH¶ ѧ°/¶ ÎÙÒ7³¶ °;ƒ;Ôš’£ä G¾ÃIHKJMLON/L4PQL v LÆ y LSR xUT «ˆ´‰°2­p®’ÍH«µ«pӑю°2¶‰­pÍ5°—¶‰ä+°;Ó ¶7*Ï¢²W«ˆ²’ѧ­²—ÏU¶ ÒR®¤°l°2ÕLΗ̉ѧ®ŠÑ§Ð—¶hÐS°2ѧ¶•²—«pÌ ­+´R°1Ô*²—ѧю´‰¶7«ˆ«ˆÝ Ìh­pÖ§²w®’­ˆ°l«ˆÕwѧӵ݉²—´R±¶)°;«pä¾±ю²W«+ӈ¶)²—«ˆäS²ÍH²—«p°>Ý Ì ­‘°1­p°2Ηӈ´ ²7´‰­p®’®’°;ÖR«ˆÓˆÑÑ§°2®’Ó¶7։«p«p²W²5®’­ˆ«ˆÕwÎ7ѧЗ®°2°×× Ö§Ý ®’®—­p­­ˆ°;®’ÎW® Ö °2­ ²—®—;Ï^¶‰²—Õ ¶ °lѧÓ>Η±²W݉ѧÍH­ˆ¶°æÍ5®•²Wà-¶ ´‰®’®—¶‰­µÓµ«pÑŽÕ Ñ\«ˆ«pݩю²W®ÑŽ«p¶«ˆÓѧ²—¶«]ԑã 㻲æ˾Z Ì ²—´‰¶©Ñ®’Ó¥Óµ­ˆÑ«ˆÕwсюӥ«ˆ°2ѧ­ ²—®Z¶©Ó2®’ìWã·Î7݉®’Ñ\ÜS«pѧ°ß¶Ô*Ñ\¶‰««p±®’Ì Ìw«µ° ×× ÖŽ¶ €²ŒÑ Ô*lƒ’®ŽÑ§„¶ «pюΉ‚‰²W䃏¶ԑ |=²—°+~Ï9|aÕw“®h‡’°2{‰ë‰Óµ~¶ ´R{7°X°;š1±2«pÑ\²—Ì ë©Ï ѧ±ÓÓµ®—´©­ˆ®—°l®¶‰®«ˆÕHс®’Ϣ֏²W²W­ˆ­ˆÍ"Î7®’®’¶ Ö§ ѳ½;ѧ¶ ®’ѧ¶7«ˆ2ѧ«ˆ²—²W­p¶1¶ ²S°;Õ «ˆÓ;²*݉㠱ÒR۞°¬¶°d«ˆ®»«ˆÌ ̉°»”5°±¡wÏ¢²Wq²—|a¶w֎~××£ ю֎ю¶‰°;¶‰Ð—΋Îè°;֝Ϣ«ˆ­pÌ ²—²—°‹ÏhÍ Ô* _Y¦«ˆÌ š—Ì ²—“°>‡Ö§°¥{ Óp€O±2®—®—­ˆÔ*֎°l°ю® Ö§ãdÖ§°2˾֎З°l°;Ì ®—Ö*°‹ÕÙ²’ÓˆÏ"«ˆ®—²Í5–6Yž®Q°‹‚ ƒ’Óˆ± ю²—¶‰|¦¶©„2Η”H±Ö§°°2„2´ {‰;«h|a²—€Ì ¶ ²—«p°/²·ÖÕ ­ˆ°;ÓL«ˆÌ ´ Ï¢°À­p²—°;­LӈÓp°2±2«p¶7®—Ì ֎«µ°° × ±°2´ «¬²’ÏXӈ±;®’Ö§°Ö§°2З°;Ö)Ô*Ì Ñ±ÌÀÔ*ю֧ÒR°݉ӈ°;Õց®«ˆ«ˆ°;­!²—¶«p²hӵ݉´w× ´‰®’­ˆ«ˆÑŽ«ˆÑ§²—¶'ÓˆÌ ²Ô*¶é²—¶ «ˆÌ‰°Ù­ˆÑ§Î—Ì7«è´‰®—­µ«¤²—Ï`0Ñ§Î—Ý ­p° à6Ô° Rearing Crop Industry Residential. Allier. Puy de Dôme. Cantal. Haute−Loire. a. Administrative partition. ,. b. Space utilization. 5. ,. 3,. SA n zi = A. {z1 , z2 , . . . , zn } ∅, i% 6= j. ,. z i ∩ zj =. ,. 04. ). 5. /. ). ,. /. %. &. #'. -,. ˜. S1. S2 p1. ,. &. %. ,. p2. ('. -,. A ⊆ R2. A. ,. ,. ,.

(14) ;°±~{7²—®—š!݉ÓOÖ§®—Õð«p­ˆ²ß°l®—ÎWÏ¢Ó²W®’«ˆ­ˆ«ˆÌ Ͳ°;Ï¢­ ²—!­pÍ¡wA¬~„q|€“š’®—–W ­ˆ„“°l{©Œ2®—|a¡wÓ;“qƒ’ä‘|=À¡w®— ˆ¶‰®’ƒÕ­p’°;®—®—­ˆ=9ÓA°l ˆ®—‡Ô*Ó;‚CãÑŽÛž«ˆ®’¶5Ì ­pÒR°;®Wz²’{DÓh«pÌL–Ô*¡S±2€ю®W«ˆ|=ÌÓµ °l“ƒÓ2A¬>䏫p„Ì ®’ƒ­ˆ сÓ×£ ϢϢ­ˆ°2²—°l­pÖ§ÓµŽ°2Ý ²¶7֎Ô*«p«ˆÓсѧ®¶ «pѧΥ¶é°;Õ ­p°2Œց‡l2®ƒ²—«p ¶‰ÑŽ€2²W°;„2¶ßÓ; hãÀ²—´‰Ï1틮—­µ´‰° «p®—Ñ\«p­µ±;ю«p²WÑ\®’«p¶‰¶ðюÓ²W¶‰«ˆÍHÓFÌ X®W°;ю­ˆÕwÏ °2°·Ï¢²—²’­pϽ° Ï¢°2ѧ¶7ԑ®’«ˆ°2­p­p°h­l²wä‘Õw«]֧݉ԑ°;±Óp²/° Ó´‰Õw«p®’Ì ю­ˆÏ~° ×× «ˆÑŽ«ˆÑ§²—¶‰Ó²—ä Ï Ñ äԑ°Lӈ®Š³>«ˆÌ‰®’« сÓ!+{D„ 1«ˆÌ©®’¶ ã äÕw°;¶ ²’«p°;Õ ®²’"ÏÍѧí/¶7Ý «ˆ°»ÖŽ°;«ˆ­ˆÑŽÓµ×ž°lѧӈÍHÓ]±;«l®’´ ã ֧֎°³"´‰Õw®’°2­ˆë‰«ˆ¶ ю«ˆ°Ñ§²—®L¶‰ÑŽ ˆ¶ „a˜Î „ p„{DŒp„”"ƒp‚H«ˆ²½Ò©°1«ˆ²—̉Ï9° «ˆ2Ì ²W°H¶ °;®’Ód­p°;²’® Ï  

(15) 

(16)  ›p„ƒ½„2| €2„2|+‡]˜+‚ ƒ’ ›p|a~„»|=“ƒ‡{‰€€»¡‰›‡]€2˜ „2|9‡µ¨9˜*†X|~}‰~|~„+} ‚RŽƒ’{R„¨9ƒ{D– ¨ ˜~{‡ Ÿ ­p°Ï¢°;­ˆ°;Ÿ ¶‰±°‘Í"®’´ ‡µ˜ €*|¢} „¬€2„|9‡]˜¹l‡{D„€ ²—î~Ï¢¶>²—­"0«pÌ Ñ§ÓˆÎ—°HÑŽÝ ÍH­p«ˆ´ °1֧̉­ˆáhс°;±°½ÑŽî¢«]Ö§³·°´‰Ï~®—«¾«ˆ­µÌ ´‰«p°Ñ\®’«p­ˆÑŽë‰²W«ÎWïd¶‰Ý ÓLÓµ­ˆÌ Œ2°²~Ô!|aӈ“Ì „Ó€²®äÔ!­p–6Ó°YžÏ¢‚ ²W°2ƒ’¶ ­p °2Ö§³¤|¦¶©„2±”"®‹°!„Í"Óp{©®’®’|+ÍH´ ®’´ ¶‰Ö§ÕQ°O²— _҉Y¦Ï¬®—š’«pӈ“‡’Ì °;Õ{° ˾ӵ±Ì ÑŽ«ˆÌ ѧѧ´)ѧ°;ÓdãÓ;Óµä °2²—®’«d­‘¶©²’Õ·±Ï ²W2Η¶7²WѧÐWЗ¶ °2°;°;¶ ÓÓ+ѧ°2«ˆÑ§Ó¶©Ì ±°;Ó]«p°—Íð­ˆä—݉Ô«p±Ì °«ˆÝ °hÓµ­p̉´©°;®—Õ5ӵ֎°;©ÒS݉­ˆ³HÕw°;´ ²’®’צ­p¶H¶‰°;ӈ®—ÑŽ¶©°2Í5¶7±°l«XÖ§Ý‰Ó «ˆÓµÌ ѧ²—сӑ¶"ä Ó]­p«p°2­ˆäց݉®°2±«p«p«ˆÑŽÝ ±—²Wã¶w­pï° × ã Ò‰Ý ­ˆ®—°ŠÓˆïX°;ÕHÔ*²WÌ ¶hс±ÌO®±2±2²—²—¶7¶‰«ˆÓˆ­pсÓ]²—«Ö§ÓdŽ°l²—Õ5ÏЗ®½²wӈ±2°®—«¾Ò Ý ²’Ïdց®’€­pª³O”"p›ѧ‡Î—¼€Ì7«´‰«ˆ®—²W­µÎ—«°²’«pÏ)Ì «p°2Ì ­‘°!Ô*ë‰ÑŽ«ˆÎ—Ì × ®—®Ó¾‚‰®Hƒ Ý |=“¶ ƒÑ9ì7Ý ‡°» ˆ–Wѧ„Õw ‘°;¶7²—¶«ˆÑŽë‰Óµ°2³S­!ͽ²—Ò©Ï0²W® Ö§Ó;2ã ²Wd¶ ®—° ±Ìӈ³7ͽҩ㠲WÖ ÑÓ¾Ý‰Óµ°lÕ ‚ €ªƒ’ ”"~  › ‡¼

(17) €»

(18) ƒ{R – †}  „2€» ˆ„ ˆƒ!„a˜‚‰„ƒ p „€|={D“ƒƒ5Œp„½d‡”"{‰ p–—ƒp~|ž‚„2„ »ƒ’‡’{R™Š„2–/ €{D ˆ‡„ž{‰‚R€£µ¡‰ p„2„Œ”¬€2}O„2‚R{‰|¢|=} |žª>ƒ„p–O| €2„›|ª‡µƒ˜  Ÿ ®’®Ï~¶‰«ˆÕ/í/°;­;ԑäw°½Ô‘°Hӈ̉°ӈ®—̉ӈ֎®—̉0֎®’d±Ö§²—)Õ ¶©²’°2Óµ¶ Ï~с«pÕw²—°2«ˆ°2¶À°L­¬±«ˆ®—²WÌ‰Ó ¶w®’Ï¢«!݉ӈ«ˆ°»Ì‰°«ˆÌ Η°­®’«ˆ­p´‰Ì °Ï¢ÌÀ°h°;­ˆ²’­ˆ°;²SÏ ¶‰²’±«°»²—ѧÍ"ÓÏ ®’®H´À«ˆ­p®—ã °2¶‰!° Õ°;­ˆÑ\«°2Ó× ä ­ˆÍH°;®—´ ´­ˆ°l+Óµ«ˆ°;²¶7«pÍH®«p°;ю®—²W¶¶)äю«pÑ=Ó0ã °—­ˆã§°;äX´ Ô­p°;°Àӈ°2ӈ¶7̉«p®’®’Ö§«ˆ¾Ñ§²—݉¶)Óµã°OÀ«ˆÌ‰²—°O­p°2«p²°2ÐW­p°2Í"­)Ô‘Ó °¾­pÓµ°̉Ϣ°;®—­ˆÖŽw°;¶‰Óp®Š±³° «ˆÖŽ²W̉¶ ®’ÎW«»Ó®h«ˆ²H֎²w«p±2Ì ®’° «ˆÑ§²—2²W¶ ¶ °ÒRÑ§Õ °2°2Ö§²—¶7¶ «ˆÎ7юë‰Ó!°;«pÕ² ÒS³ ã «p²OÍH°l®’¶>«p̉®« ÒR°× Óˆ±;®’í/Ö§°1°Ö§°2®’ÐW­p°2°»Ö=ã ¶ ²ÔA­ˆ°l®—Õw³H«p²LÕw°뉶‰°»Ï¢²—­pÍH®—ÖŽ§³"«pÌ °±²W¶‰±°;´w«*²’Ï ”H ƒ‚U Ÿ½

(19) ºD}‰

(20) „ €2„|"!‡]˜L#%€2$Œp&'ƒ’(Ž„& Ž„2)*™Š+„2&-¼€,.‡µ˜ „| ¨–—„2{R‡’|¦›„„½– ƒh ˆ„a¨1˜„ p€O„{D|~}‰Œp„„ €¡‰›€2„|¾‡]˜ ˆ„Œ¡w €~™„\ªh–—„a+{R„–OƒŠ€+˜‡~Ž‡’†9€F3 /Ÿ ƒ{D0 – €¡‰Ÿ Œ}L|¢} ƒ’| ¨|¢} „2{ 1 2Ÿ „2| ²—°ê Òw®’«˾®’ÍH̉ѧ¶½´ ѧÓÖ§«p°—±Ì ã ²—°1¶©ÓˆÓ]°«p«­ˆÝ‰²’±Ï)«ˆÓˆÑ§±;З®’°!Ö§°*Õw°2֎°;ë‰Ð—¶ °;ю֧«ˆÓ;ѧ²—ä—¶L®—Ó´‰Óµ­ˆÌ‰²²ÐSÔ*сÕw¶5°;ÓXÒS³½®—¶"«ˆÌ °;°!®—ӈϢ³5²—Ö§Ô‘Ž²®ŠÔ*³ѧ¶ «p²Î 35 ˆ„“46˜„2$ ˆ79„2{R8:Œ„&'.”" ƒp‚ߺD‡]} ˜¬„¿d˜\‡š—~¡wŽ‡’ ˆ†X„ ~1{73šƒ p„|~}‰„€2ŒƒŽ„>Ž„™„2¼€À‡µ˜|~}‰„ ,. p1 , p2. p1 v p 2. -1. A p1 p2 ∀z ∈ p1 , z 0 ∈ p2 , z ∩ z 0 ∈ {∅, z}. ,. p1 v p 2 . . . v p n. A ∈ R2. {p1 , . . . , pn } i<n p1 ∪ p 2 . . . ∪ p n. pi v pi+1. A. MA. A. M. X Y. ,. Σ. .. ,. a∈Σ. z∈M M. (Σ, ). z2. Σ  id(z1 )  id(z2 ). z1 ⊆. Σ. . root(Σ). TΣ. TΣ &. '. 4. ,. l. a∈Σ a. l. (Σ, ) Σ. SΣ. 2Σ. root(Σ) ∈ SΣ. S ∈ SΣ a∈S S − {a} ∪ sons(a) ∈ SΣ. sons(a) 6= ∅. =; <?>@+ABDC%EFGB?H ;I<J> KLMKONKQP+H ;=< RKTSUKVKLK.N KQP H ;=<?> KLKON KOW KYX K[ZUH 티!ӈ̉®’Ö§ ®’;IÖ§Ô¾< ®ŠR³SKTÓ9±2SU²—K¶‰ÓˆVÑ§Õ K°2­0L«ˆK.Ì °!N ±2KOÖ§®WW ӈӈKюë©X\±2K[®’«ˆÑ§Z%²—H ¶²—Ï©²WÒw¯]°;±«pÓ. • Sroot. • Sdept • S1 • S2. • Sleaves. Ô*ӵݩÑ\±«pÌh̋®­p°;֧ӈ°2´RЗ°;°;±Ö©«»´‰«p­ˆ²²ÐS®сÕwӈ°;´©Ó+°l«ˆ±Ì ÑŽë©°1±H¶ °;ӈ±2±;°;®’ÓpÖ§°Hӈ®—ÖŽ­ˆ°;³5З°2®’ÖX¶‰ÓˆÕLю¶©Óˆ±Ý °—LäU±ѧ¶7ѧ°2«ˆ¶7Ý «¾ÑŽ«ˆÓµÑ§Ð—°2«‘°;֎²—³WÏä ÓµÕw³S°ͽ«®’ҩѧÖa²WãW֧۞ӻ¶‰«pÕw²¥°;°;ÕwÕU°läWӈ²—±2¶ ­ˆÑ§°¬Ò©°LÓˆÌ ®À²Ô!«ˆ­ÓX®°l¯]®—°;ӈ±ю«ˆÖ§²W³­ˆ«p³¥Ì‰®®’««½Ñ\®ÀÏ Óˆ´©ÑÓd°l®—±ю¶7멳½±"֎²wÖ§°2±;З®°;«ˆÖdѧ²—²—¶ Ï ²’Ý Ï¶ с«ˆì7Ì Ý °H°Í"Óµ³S®’ͽ´)ä)Ò©«ˆ²WÌ Ö °;¶¥Óµ«pÝ©Ì ±°2ÌO­p°H«p̉°®êw« ѧӵ«pÓ;äUѧ¶/ã ۞°l¶O®—±²—Ì/«ˆÌ ӈ°;±;­*®’Ö§Ô°½²WÖ§­p°2ՉÐWÓ2°2äwÖ ÑŽÏ0ԑä)®° ²«ˆ’±Ì‰Ì Ï!®’²S®À«¬²WӈÍH®—°½Óp²Óµ®ÐS²wю±2ӈ¶‰Ñ§±;®’ÎÀ®’«ˆÖ§°;²—°½Ó‘ÒwÖ§¯]®H°2°lÐW±Ý °2«;¶ Ö äсì7«ˆÌ‰Ý °2°­pÓµ°L³S°ͽêw®’ҩсÓ]¶‰²W«Õ/ÖUÓю¶±®²W¶‰Ï¢Ý ӈ¶©Ñ§«ˆÕw² ±°;«ˆ­¬Ñ§²—ã «p¶ Ì °H֎²w±;®«ˆÑ§²—¶ 35|~}‰46„»$]€27^Œƒ8:Ž„&'(Ž„2™Š„2¼=+€½‡’‡µ{ ˜5€_ “–—7S„2ƒ h”¬|¢‚R} Ž„h„ Ž/ ‡lŸ)Œpƒ’¿|a‡“‡’ { |¢} „~€{·Œƒ’¿dŽ„\š—§¡w„ ˆ™„ „ 1 ¨ƒ’{R– ¨ €O”Hƒƒ‚—{D‚‰– „p–è|¦¨‡‹|¢} „L€¤¹l”"‡{Dƒp„‚—‚‰„–C|¦‡ ¨1+{Dƒ;`~q>ª/@ AG˜‡BD C%EFB ¨)ƒ’˜{R‡– ¨ €”"ƒp‚W‚ „–h|¦‡ Ÿ > Ô²’*«pÌ Ì Ñ°2±­!̥ӈîa±;ÕwÓ]®’«pѧ֧­ˆÐ7°¾ÑÑ±Õw֎«p°;°l֎З³ Ó °2ïÖ Ý ´Rѧ¶>±;²—®’¶ «]¶HԑÒR²O㏰!۞ӈ¶5ÓµÝ °;҉«ˆ°2Ì Óˆ¶"°°¾«®—Ï¢ÓFÓ+²WR֎® ²—§²¶‰Ô*Óµ°֧ѧс¶ ÒR±Ή° °2*֧䊲Î—Ñ§Ô ¶½Ñ§Ð—«p°;Ì ¶5äD°*®»®—«p¶‰­ˆÓˆ°;Ý Õ° ҉«pÓˆÌ °°« ֎°;З°;Ö äDÔ*ÔÌ °5с±ÓµÌ̉®—ÖŽ±29²ÕwЗ°;°;¶ ­pÓ ²’«p°½ä ®—ÓÑaã °—ã§ä «pÌ °5Í5ѧ¶ ѧÍ"®’Ö9ӈ±;®’ã Ö§° a¾ÃIH v 6x b L yRuwÇ+v‰Ê L tèx Æ dÈ cx0u7u L v Æ t ѧ´ Õ Ö§°2³Ûž¶7¶À®*«ˆÑŽÓˆë‰²—°;Ý °2ì7­)­!Ý «ˆ°;ÍH²—¶‰ÎW²w±°Õw°+«p°;Ì ²—ÖaÏw°2äR­U֎®H²wÔ*±2Í5ю®’«ˆ«ˆ²ÌѧÐS²—®»Ñ§¶‰¶ |=Ó;ÎH ˆãFƒž‰²—œ2²—Òw„Œ2­p¯]ÍH|¦°l‡’±®— «¬ªÖŽ§Ñã ³—Ó*ä2­pÔ°2«p°d´ ­p®’­p®W¯]°;ӈ°;ӈӈ±°2Ý «ˆ¶7ÍH²—«p­p°;°9³!Õ«ˆÑÌ‰ÒSÓ)°+³Oӈю°Í5®’êS¶ ×× Ñ§±2Óµ®’«ˆ«ˆ°;ѧ¶‰²—±¶‰°Ó¾²’®’Ï0­p°»®½´©±2²W²—ÑŽÝ ¶7¶7««pÓ*®—ÑŽÒ ¶OÖ§³½«ˆÌ‰ë©° ¶ Ñ\+«p°݉±ÓµÖ§°2с«Õw°;®—¶ӈϢ´‰²W®W­¾±ѧ° Õw°;¶7«ˆã ю뉰2­Ó2ã ])²—×  ”" ‡™l

(21) ~{7

(22) '*šA f‡—e›“œ2„phgŒ2|>\Œ8:‡iD{ +€j€+|a G€è$‡µ˜ß

(23) ƒ { *“–Wk5„79{©|a+‘)6„

(24)  :l.*|žmo‡pšWn„2+|~#%}‰„jD , †X~|~}¥ƒ"q€| ‡]˜»Ž‡lŒƒ|=“‡{ €2Ÿ «p«ˆÌ ®—ÑŽ°¶ Z °l²W֎Õ°lÒw®’¯]Ï¢­p°;­p֎±²—³W«WÍä[ Ó«pÌ ®hÖ§°²wڝ±2Õ ®ó°;«pюÓpÜ>²W±¶)­pÕ ÑŽã9°2´wÐSÛ¦«p«"юѧ²W±2°ѧ¶¤Ó5Ô*²’ѧÍ5Ì ÏÑ´R®À±Ì>²—«ˆ­ˆ­´R«p®®—°2¯]¶7­p°lю«½±²w«pÕw«p²—²‹Ñ­p±2³/®—¶ ֎²—§±;³O«ˆ®’°¶¤´‰«ˆ­ˆÒRÌ©²°OÐS®«Hс²WÕwÒwю°;¶ Ó× ²—¶ Ý ²—­­p°;Í5Õ5²wÒRÕw°;°;±;Ö+®’݉«pÓˆÌ °!°Oю«±2²—сÓ+¶7«ˆ¶ ѧ¶S²—«Ý ²—­p݉°2Ö§Ó°2Џ®—®’Óˆ¶7´©«X°l±Ï¢²—«­²—²—Ï‘Ý «p­­p®’´ ¯]Ý °;­p±´©«ˆ²—²7­pӵѧ°l°;Ó2Ó»ã7ÜSсÓю¶©Ñ§±Β° × «ˆÔ֎²w²»°1±;®—®Í"Óp«ˆÓµÑ§®’²—݉´L¶OÍ5°lÏ¢°®—²—«ˆ±­*Ì©ÌL°l®®—Ö§«0²w±«ˆ±2Ì Ì ®°!2«pю²—ڝ²W¶‰¶"ó°»«ˆÜ5±2²H­ˆÕw²7® °;ӈÐ7ӈ;°;с²—±ÕO¶ °‘°1ÒSÔ*³hю¶ѧ֎®’S®¶´ ­pÍ"²—²Ò ®’ÐS¯]´ѧ°;ÕwäW±°¾Ô‘« ®°d«9ã¯]֧ݩ°;Ó]®—«¾Óµ«9̉²—®Š¶ З°° «ˆ«ˆÑ§Ñ§²—²—¶Ù¶Ø])°­ˆ²—«Q°;Ï֎݉ѧ²—°;ÓèÒwÓ5¯]¶ ²W°l²¶Ø±«Ô Ó2®‹ã «ˆ­ˆÝ °2­pÓÏ¢¶'°2­pÍH°2²—¶‰°2Ý ¶7±2­¤°O«ˆÑ§²—Í"®’¶‰«µ®—«p°;°2´Õ•¶7«ˆ°lѧ®’²—­p¶ ֎ѧ°2«ˆ­l²åä+Ô*«p«pÌ Ì Ì Ñ§Ñ§°Ù±ÓÌر±ցցс®—®—Ó"ÓpÓpÓ]ӈӈ«pÑ\Ñ\ë©ë©­ˆÝ‰±;±;®®±××× «ˆ|¦Ý „2 ­p{°;ÕL®—ÓXю¶h®Ópӈ±2°;®—ì7ÖŽÝ °1°;֎¶‰°;З±°;°¾Ö§²’Ó;ã—Ï í/2²W°1¶ °*ӈюӵÍH³S´ ͽ֧³LÒ©²WÕwÖ§°2Ó0ë‰Ï¢­p¶ ²—°1Í ®h®|a pӈƒž´Rœ2„°;Œ±|žÑŽë©‡ ±*ª¬Óp‚‰±2®—ƒÖŽ|=° £ ). l. S. l∈a. a. S ∈ SΣ. label(S, l). S. l. l. Sroot. l Sdept S2 l Sleaves l %. label(Sroot, l). S1. U. &. S Σ. '. TΣ. S. S. σ⊆Σ S. &.

(25) '. cover(σ) ∀a ∈ σ, ∃a0 ∈ S|a  a0. σ. %. Obj. .. R2. o. o.traj =< l1 , l2 , . . . , ln >. ,. ,. o. %. ,. (Σ, ).

Références

Télécharger maintenant ( PDF - 11 Page - 362.06 KB )

Documents relatifs

Moving Objects Segmentation Using Optical Flow Estimation

Since we can distinguish moving objects from static elements of a scene by analyzing norm of the optical flow vectors, this one is incorporated in a region-based active contour model

Descriptor Correlation Analysis for Remote Sensing Image Multi-Scale Classification

This paper addresses the problem of remote sensing image multi-scale classification by: (i) showing that us- ing multiple scales does improve classification results, but not all

Video spatio-temporal filtering based on cameras and target objects trajectories - Videosurveillance forensic framework

The main contributions of this paper are: (1) a definition of the hybrid trajectory query concept, trajectory that is constituted of geometrical and symbolic segments represented

Detecting and indexing moving objects for behavior analysis by video and audio interpretation

The proposed approach is able to exploit the history of each object by means of a Finite State Automaton, so significantly increasing the performance of the proposed method; the

Interactive High-Quality Soft Shadows in Scenes with Moving Objects

The shadow update algorithm needs to perform the follow- ing steps: (a) identify the volume of space modified, and col- lect related discontinuity surfaces which need to be

Multi-CPU and multi-GPU hybrid computations of multi-scale scalar transport

Cottet, Hybrid spectral-particle method for the turbulent transport of a passive scalar. Leonard, High resolution simulation of the flow around an impulsively started cylinder

Video spatio-temporal filtering based on cameras and target objects trajectories - Videosurveillance forensic framework

The main contributions of this paper are: (1) a definition of the hybrid trajectory query concept, trajectory that is constituted of geometrical and symbolic segments represented

Vehicle Perception: Localization, Mapping with Detection, Classification and Tracking of Moving Objects

In this thesis, we study problems of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with detection, classification and tracking moving objects in context of dynamic outdoor