استراتيجيات إدماج النّساء في مؤسّسات صناعة القرار السياسي في السويد (الخلفيات والنتائج

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 64         ) ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍ ( ﺃ / ﺔﻨﻴﲰ ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻧ ﻒﻠﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ . ﺺﺨﻠﻣ : لﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺪﺋاﺮﻟا يﺪﻳﻮﺴـﻟا جذﻮﻤﻨﻟا ﺔـﺳارﺪـﻟا ﻩﺬـﻫ لوﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ صﺮﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺗ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟاو ﻢﻋﺪﻟا تﺎﻴﲡاﱰﺳاو ﺎﻴﻠﺟ ﺲﻜﻌﻧا يﺬﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا قﻮﻘﳊا لﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ اﺬﻛو ﺔﺒﺨﺘﻨﳌا ﺲﻟﺎ ا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﻌﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺐﻠﻏأ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﺎﻫﺪﺟاﻮﺗ . ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﻌﻟا ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻟا ءارو ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻاو ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا تﺎﻴﻔﻠﳋا ﻢﻫأ اﺬﻛو تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺞﻣد ﰲ اﺪﺋار اﺪﻠﺑ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺖﻠﻌﺟ ﱵﻟاو ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﻤﻋاﺪﻟا تﺎﻴﲡاﱰﺳﻻاو ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﻢﻫأو ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮﻘﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺻ . Abstract:

This study Review Sweden’s successful experience In the field of Equal opportunities between the sexes And Support and promotion strategies for women. Particularly in the field of political rights And the which has been reflected on higher political representation And access to important political positions.

With the search about the most important political, legal and social causes this was behind this success. and The most important strategies for supporting this.

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 65 ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا ﻪـﺗزﺮﺣأ يﺬﻟا ﲑﺒﻜﻟا مﺪﻘﺘﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذ ﺢﻀﺘﻳو ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا فﺎﺼﻧﻹ ﺎﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﺎﺟذﻮﳕ مﻮﻴﻟا ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻟود ﻞﺜﲤ ﻞـﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا اﺬـﻫ ؛ ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮـﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨـﺻ تﺎـﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﻊـﻴﻓﺮﻟا ﻞـﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﺲﻜﻌﻧا يﺬﻟاو تﻻﺎ ا ﻊﻴﲨ ﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟا لؤﺎﺴﺗ ﱃا ىدأ ﺖﻔﻠﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﱄﺎﻌﻟا لﺎ ا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﲔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌاو ﲔ : ﺎـﻣو ؟ ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮـﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨـﺻ تﺎـﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﻞـﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﻦـﻣ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺐـﺴﻨﻟا ﻩﺬـﻫ ﱃا ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻠﺻو ﻒﻴﻛ ؟ ﻚﻟذ ﱃا تدأ ﱵﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷاو ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﻲﻫ ـﻋ ﺔـﺳارﺪﻟا اﺬـﻫ ﰲ ﺰـﻛﺮﻧ فﻮـﺳ ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا راﺮـﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻨـﺻ تﺎـﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا داﺪﻋأ ﰲ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟا ﻢﻬﻔﻟو ﺎـﻣ تﺎـﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﻦ تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻻا ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣو مﺎﻗرﻷا ءارو . ﻻوأ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا تﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا جﺎﻣدﻹ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا تﺎﻴﻔﻠﺨﻟا : 1 -ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا قﻮﻘﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻌﻓاﺪﻤﻟا تﺎﻛﺮﺤﻠﻟ ﺮﻜﺒﻤﻟا لﺎﻀﻨﻟا : ا ﰲ اﺮــﻜﺒﻣ ﺎــﻬﻠﻤﻋ ةأﺮــﳌا قﻮــﻘﺣ ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺔــﻌﻓاﺪﳌا تﺎــﻤﻈﻨﳌاو تﺎــﻛﺮﳊا تأﺪــﺑ ﺔــﺻﺎﺧ ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟاو ﺔــﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻧﺪﻨﻜــﺳﻹا لوﺪــﻟ ءﺎــﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﱄوﺪــﻟا ىﺪــﺘﻨﳌا ﰲ ﺔﻘﺑﺎــﺴﻟا ﺔــﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟاو ﺮــﺋاﺰﳉا ﰲ ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا ةﲑﻔــﺳ ﻪــﺗﺪﻛأ ﺎــﻣ اﺬــﻫو ﲑــﺒﻜﻟا ﻞــﻀﻔﻟا تﺎــﻛﺮﳊا ﻩﺬــﳍ نﺎــﻛو ﰲ يﺮﺋاﺰﳉا نﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﻪﻤﻈﻧ يﺬﻟا تﺎﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا 25 - 26 ناﻮﺟ 2006 ﻮﻟا اﺬﻫ ﱃا لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﺎﺷ نﺎﻛ لﺎﻀﻨﻟا نأ ﻊﺿ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌا . 1 مﺎـﻋ ﰲ ﺔــﻳاﺪﺒﻟا ﺖـﻧﺎﻛو 1902 نأ اﺬــﻫ نﻮﻧﺎــﻘﻟا عوﺮـﺸﻣ حﱰــﻘﻳو نﻮﻧﺎـﻗ عوﺮــﺸﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮـﺴﻟا ﺔــﻣﻮﻜﳊا ترﺪـﺻأ ﺎﻣﺪــﻨﻋ ﻢ ﺎـﺟوز ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا تﻮﺼﻳ " تﺎـﻛﺮﺤﻠﻟ ةﲑـﺒﻛ ﺔـﻌﻓد اﺬـﻫ نﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻟا عوﺮـﺸﻣ ﻰـﻄﻋأ ﺪـﻗو ،جوﺰـﺘﳌا ﻞـﺟﺮﻠﻟ ﲔﺗﻮـﺻ ﺪﻳﻮـــﺴﻟا قﻮـــﻘﳊا ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺔـــﻌﻓاﺪﳌا تﺎــﻤﻈﻨﳌاو ﰲ شﺎـــﻘﻧ عﻮـــﺿﻮﻤﻛ ءﺎــﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺖﻳﻮـــﺼﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﺄــﺴﻣ ﻊـــﺿو ﻞـــﺑ ﺐــﺴﺤﻓ اﺬـــﻫ ﺲﻴــﻟ ، ﺔﻳ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا طﺎﺳوﻻا . 2 ﻦــﻣ ﻪـﻧﻷ نﻮﻧﺎـﻘﻟا عوﺮـﺸﻣ ﻰـﻠﻋ يﺪﻳﻮـﺴﻟا نﺎـﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ﺔــﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺋﺎـﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺔـﻴﻨﻌﳌا ﺔـﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺖـﺿﱰﻋا ﺎﻣﺪـﻨﻋ ﺔـﻳاﺪﺒﻟا ﺖـﻧﺎﻛو ﻦﻬﻘﺣ ﻦﻬﻨﻣ تﺎﺟوﺰﺘﳌا مﺮﳛ نأو ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا قﻮﻘﳊ ةﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﺒﻘﻋ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ نأ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟا ﰲ . 3 ﱘﺪـﻘﺗو ﻪـﻔﻗﻮﺑ نﺎـﳌﱪﻟا ءﺎـﻀﻋأ عﺎـﻨﻗإ ترﺮـﻗ عوﺮـﺸﳌا اﺬـﳍ ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻌﺑو ةﺮـﻣ ﻪـﺿﺮﻋو ﻪـﻠﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ نﺎـﳌﱪﻠﻟ تﺎـﺣاﱰﻗﻻا كاﺬــﻧآ نﺎـﳌﱪﻟا ﻮــﻀﻋ مﺎـﻗ ﻚﻟﺬــﻟ ،ىﺮـﺧأ ﻦﺟﺎﻫﺪــﻨﻴﻟ لرﺎــﻛ " Carl Lindhagen " ﰲ ةأﺮــﳌا ﻖــﲝ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﺐــﻟﺎﻄﻳ حاﱰﻗﺎـﺑ اﺬﻫ رﺎﺛأ ﺪﻗو ،ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟا حاﱰﻗﻻا اﺬﻫ ﻞﻴﺟﺄﺗ ﰎ اﺬﻟ ،ﺔﻤﻬﳌا ﻩﺬﳍ ةأﺮﳌا ﺔﻴﻠﻫأ لﻮﺣ اﲑﺒﻛ ﻻﺪﺟ حاﱰﻗﻻا . 4

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 66 ﰎ ﺚـﻴﺣ ، ﺪﻳﻮـﺴﻟا ﰲا ةأﺮـﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا قﻮـﻘﳊا ﰲ مﺪـﻘﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﺳﻷا ةراﺮـﺸﻟا اﺬـﻫ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا عوﺮﺸﳌا ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا ﰲو يأ مﺎﻌﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲو 1902 ﻬﻛﻮﺘﺳ ﰲ ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟا ﻖﺣ ةأﺮﳌا ﺢﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﻌﲨ ءﺎﺸﻧإ ﱂﻮ " ةأﺮـﻤﻠﻟ ﺖﻳﻮـﺼﺘﻟا ﻞـﺟأ ﻦـﻣ ﺔﻛﺮﳊا " ﺎـﻬﻤﻋﺰﺘﺗ ﺮــﻤﻳﺮﺑ ﺔــﻛﺮﻳﺪﻳﺮﻓ " Fredrika Bremer " ، 5 ىﺮــﺧﻷا نﺪــﳌا ﰲ ىﺮــﺧأ ﺔــﻴﻠﳏ تﺎــﻴﻌﲨ ﺲﻴــﺳﺄﺗ ﰎ ةﲑــﺼﻗ ةﱰــﻓ ﺪــﻌﺑو مﺎﻋ ﰲو ،ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻞﺧاد تاﺪﻠﺑو 1903 بﺎـﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﰲ ةأﺮﳌا ﻖﳊ ﺔﻴﻨﻃو ﺔﻴﻌﲨ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﰎ ) Landsföreningen för kvinnans politiska rösträtt, LKPR ( . 6 بﺎــﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﰲ ةأﺮــﳌا ﻖــﳊ ﺔــﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺔــﻴﻌﻤﳉا ﻊــﻣ ﺐــﻨﺟ ﱃإ ﺎــﺒﻨﺟ تاءاﺮــﺟﻹا ﺾــﻌﺑ ﰲ ﺔــﻨﺠﻠﻟا ﺖﻛرﺎــﺷ ﺪــﻗو " LKPR " ﻖـــﳊا اﺬـــﻫ ﻰـــﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮـــﺴﻟا ةأﺮـــﳌا لﻮـــﺼﺣ ﻞـــﺟأ ﻦـــﻣ . 7 مﺎـــﻋ ﻲـــﻔﻓ ،ﻼـــﻌﻓو 1919 ﰲ ﺖﻳﻮـــﺼﺘﻟا ﻖـــﺣ ﻰـــﻠﻋ ءﺎـــﺴﻨﻟا ﺖﻠـــﺼﺣ ﺐــﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﺪـــﻠﻘﺗ ﰲ ﻖــﳊاو ﺔــﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا تﺎــﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا تﺎــﻈﻓﺎﶈاو تﺎﻳﺪــﻠﺒﻟا ىﻮﺘـــﺴﻣ ﻰــﻠﻋ . 8 مﺎــﻋ ﺢﻨـــﻤﺘﻟ 1921 ﰲ ﺖﻳﻮـــﺼﺘﻟا ﻖــﺣ ﲏﻃﻮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﺪﻠﻘﺗ ﰲ ﻖﳊاو ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا . 9 ﺎــﳍ نﺎــﻛ ﱵــﻟاو ، ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا ﰲ ةأﺮــﳌا قﻮــﻘﺣ ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺔــﻌﻓاﺪﳌا تﺎــﻤﻈﻨﳌا ﻦــﻣ ﺪــﻳﺪﻌﻟا ءﺎــﺸﻧﻹ لﺎــ ا ءاﺮــﺟﻻا اﺬــﻫ ﺢﺘــﻓ ﺪــﻗو ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ةأﺮﳌا ﻢﻋد ﰲ ﻞﻀﻔﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌا ﺔﻣﺪﳋا ﻒﺋﺎﻇو ﰲ ﻞﺟﺮﻟا قﻮﻘﺣ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﻮﺼﺤﻛ تﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺰﲝ ﺔﻳ " ﺾﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ مﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟا تاءﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳﻻا 1925 ﱯﻨﺟﻷا ﻦﻣ جاوﺰﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺴﻨﳉﺎﺑ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﻖﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﻮﺼﺣو ، ... ﱁا . 10 ءﺎــﺴﻨﻟا قﻮـﻘﺣ ﻰـﻠﻋ نﻮﻌﻓاﺪــﻣ نوﺮـﻜﻔﻣ ﺮــﻬﻇ ﻲـﺿﺎﳌا نﺮــﻘﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻴﺘـﺳ لﻼـﺧو " ءﺎـﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻮــﺴﻨﻟا " ﻢﻋﺪــﻟا اﺬـﻫ دادزاو ، ﻩﺎــﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﻣﺪــﻨﻋ ﻲــﲰر ﻞﻜــﺸﺑ ءارزو ﺲﻴــﺋر ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا كاﺬــﻧآ ﻪــﻤﻟﺎﺑ فﻮــﻟوأ " olof palme " 11 ﰲ ﻦﻳﲑﻬــﺸﻟا ﻪــﻴﺑﺎﻄﺧ ﰲ بﺰــﳊا يﺮﲤﺆـﻣ ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪــﻟا ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﻻا مﺎــﻋ ﻒـﻳﺮﺧ 1972 ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﻻا عﻮــﻨﻟا رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ةﺎــﻋاﺮﻣ ةروﺮـﺿ ﻰــﻠﻋ دﺪــﺷ ﺎﻣﺪــﻨﻋ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا . 12 2 - ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا قﻮﻘﺤﻠﻟ ﺮﻜﺒﻤﻟا ﻢﻋﺪﻟا : ﲔــــﺣ ،ﻦﻳﺮــــﺸﻌﻟا نﺮــــﻘﻟا ﻦــــﻣ ﱃوﻷا دﻮــــﻘﻌﻟا لﻼــــﺧ ﱂﺎــــﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺨــــﺳاﺮﻟا تﺎﻴﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪــــﻟا ﺪــــﺣﺄﻛ ﺪﻳﻮــــﺴﻟا ﺔــــﻟود تﺮــــﻬﻇ ﺔﻴــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا قﻮـﻘﳊا ﺾــﻌﺑ ﺔــﻟوﺪﻟا ﺖﺛﺪﺤﺘـﺳا ﺪــﻌﺑو ﺔﻴــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ةﺎــﻴﳊا تﺎـﻣﻮﻘﻣ ﺪــﺣﺄﻛ ﺔــﻴﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟا ﺖﺤﺒـﺻأ ﺔــﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔــﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟا بﺮـﳊا ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا . 13 ﺲﻜﻌﻨﻴﻟ اﺬﻫ ﺚـﻴﺣ صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟاو ﺔﻣﺎﻋ نﺎﺴﻧﻻا قﻮﻘﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺳﺎﺳأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﱃوﻷا دﻮـﻘﻌﻟا ﺬـﻨﻣو ﺖﻠـﺼﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺐﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﱄﻮﺗو ﺢﺷﱰﻟا و بﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﻖﺤﻛ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺎﻬﻗﻮﻘﺣ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟا نﺮﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌاو .

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 67 أ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟاو ﺔﻳرﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟا ﻢﺋﺎﻋﺪﻟا : ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﲑﺗﺎﺳﺪﻟا ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﻲﲰر أﺪﺒﻣ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌا أﺪﺒﻣ ) مﺎﻋ ردﺎﺼﻟا ﺎﻫﺮﺧآ 1976 ( ، 14 نﺄﺑ ﺮﻘُ ﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻃإ ﰲ َﲑﺴُﺗو ﺐﻌﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟا ﺪﻤﺘﺴُﺗ . 15 ﲔـﺑ ةاوﺎـﺴﳌا رﺎـﻃا ﰲ تﺎﻄﻠـﺴﻟا ﻩﺬـﻫ سرﺎـﲤ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻊـﻴﻤﳉا . وأ ﲏــﺛﻹا وأ ﻲﻣﻮــﻘﻟا ﻞـﺻﻷا وأ نﻮــﻠﻟا وأ ﺲﻨـﳉا سﺎــﺳأ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺰــﻴﻴﲤ نود ﻊـﻴﻤﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎــﺴﺘﻣ صﺮـﻓ ﺰــﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﲔــﻌﺘﻳو ىﺮﺧأ فوﺮﻇ وأ ﺮﻤﻌﻟا وأ ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻا وأ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ . 16 ــﻳﺎﲪ ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺺﻨــﺗ ﺔﻠﻣﺎــﺷ ﺔــﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎــﻣﺎﻜﺣأ ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا ﻚــﻠﺘﲤ ﺎــﻤﻛ ﻦــﻣ ﺔــﻣﺰﲝ ﺎــﻬﻤﻋدو ﺰــﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟا لﺎﻜــﺷأ ﻞــﻛ ﻦــﻣ ءﺎــﺴﻨﻟا ﺔ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﻼﻘﺘﺳاو ﺎﻬﺘﻣاﺮﻜﻟ سﺮﻜﺗ ﱵﻟا تﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا ) ﰲ ﺎﳍﻼﻐﺘـﺳاو ﺲﻨـﳉا سﺎـﺳأ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﻒﻨﻌﻟا ﺪﺿ مﺎﻜﺣأو ، ﺔﻣﻮﻣﻷا ةزﺎﺟإ ءﺎﻐﺒﻟا (.... ﲔـﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﻤﻠﻟ ةرازو ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺮﻠﻟ ﻊﻀﲣ قﻮﻘﳊا ﻩﺬﻫ . 17 ةرازو ﻞـﻛ نأ ﺎـﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﺘـــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﰲ ﲔـــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔـــﺑ ةاوﺎـــﺴﳌا ﻦـــﻋ ﺔﻟوﺆـــﺴﻣ " تﺎـــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻊـــﻴﲨ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎـــﻤﺘﺟﻻا رﻮـــﻈﻨﳌا ةﺎـــﻋاﺮﻣ " عﻮـــﻨﻟا ﺔﺒﻌـــﺷ ﱃﻮـــﺘﺗو عﻮـــﻨﻟا لﻮـــﺣ ﺔــﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﻞـــﻤﻋ ﻖﻴـــﺴﻨﺘﻟ ﲔــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔـــﺑ ةاوﺎــﺴﳌا ﺮـــﻳزو فاﺮـــﺷإ ﺖــﲢو ﲔـــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔـــﺑ ةاوﺎــﺴﳌا ﺔﻴﻟوﺆـــﺴﻣ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﻻا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹا 18 ﺻﺎﳋا تاردﺎﺒﳌﺎﻛ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳأ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗو ﺔ . 19 ﻩﺬـﻫ ءﺎـﺸﻧإ ﺬﻣو دﻼﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻦﻤﺿ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﺖﺤﺒﺻأ ةرازﻮﻟا . 20 ﺔــــﻳرادﻻا تﺎـــﺌﻴﳍا ﻞــــﻛ ﰲ ﲔـــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔــــﺑ ةاوﺎـــﺴﳌا ﺎﻳﺎـــﻀﻗ ﰲ ءاﱪــــﺧ ﺔـــﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﺖﺛﺪﺤﺘــــﺳا ﺮـــﺜﻛأ رﻮــــﻈﻨﳌا اﺬـــﻫ ﺰـــﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟو ﺎﺤﻤﻠﻟ تﺎﻈﻓ . 21 ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻴﳌا داﺪﻋإ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹا رﻮﻈﻨﳌا ةﺎﻋاﺮﲟ ﺎﻀﻳأ تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﺖﻤﻋدو . 22 ب -ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻣاﺰﺘﻟﻹا : ﺔــﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا كﻮﻜــﺼﻟا ﻢــﻈﻌﻣ ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺖﻗﺪــﺻو ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا ﺖــﻌﻗو ،ةﺪــﺤﺘﳌا ﻢــﻣﻷا ﻦــﻋ ةردﺎــﺼﻟا نﺎــﺴﻧﻹا قﻮــﻘﲝ 23 ﺎــﻬﻴﻓ ﺎــﲟ ةأﺮـﳌا ﺪـﺿ ﺰـﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟا لﺎﻜـﺷأ ﻊـﻴﲨ ﻰـﻠﻋ ءﺎـﻀﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔـﺻﺎﳋا ﺔـﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔـﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺎﻛ ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا قﻮﻘﳊﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا تﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻا ) CEDAW ( ﻆـﻔﲢ يأ نود يرﺎـﻴﺘﺧﻻا ﺎـﳍﻮﻛﻮﺗوﺮﺑ ﻰـﻠﻋو ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻗدﺎـﺻ ﱵـﻟا لوﺪﻟا ﻞﺋاوأ ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺣاو ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛو 24 . 25 ﺪﻟا تﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻا ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﱪﺘﻌﺗو ﲏﻃﻮﻟا نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﺔﻴﻟو . 26 ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺨﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا : 1 نﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟا ) غاﺪﺴﻜﻳﺮﻟا :( يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا نﺎﳌﱪﻟا نﻮﻜﺘﻳ ) غاﺪﺴﻜﻳﺮﻟا ( ﻢﻀﻳ ﺪﺣاو ﺲﻠﳎ ﻦﻣ 349 اﻮﻀﻋ ﻦـﻣ ةﺮـﺷﺎﺒﻣو ﺔﻳﺮـﺳ ةﺮـﺣ ﺔـﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ نﻮـﺒﺨﺘﻨﻳ ﲔﻐﻟﺎﺒﻟا ﲔﻨﻃاﻮﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ 18 طوﺮﺷ ﻢﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟاو تاﻮﻨـﺳ ﻊـﺑرأ ﻞـﻛ بﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ىﺮﳚو ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ صﻮﺼﻨﳌا بﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا . ، 27 ﻊـﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ بﺰﳊا لﻮﺼﺣ طﺮﺷ ﱯﺴﻨﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ 04 ﲔﺒﺧﺎﻨﻟا تاﻮﺻأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ . 28

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 68 مﺎﻋ يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا نﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺮﻜﺒﳌا لﻮﺧﺪﻟا ﻢﻏرو 1922 نﺎـﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻧ ﺲـﲬ لوأ ﺖﺒﺨﺘﻧا ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ . 29 نأ ﻻإ ﺎﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﻞﻇ ﺎﻫﺪﺟاﻮﺗ 30 ىﺮﺧﻷا تﻻﺎ ا ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ يﻮﻘﻟا ﺎﻫﺪﺟاﻮﺗ ﺲﻜﻌﻳ ﻻو . فﺎﻌــﺿا ﺔــﺛﻼﺛ ﱃا ﺖــﻓﻻ ﻞﻜــﺸﺑو ﺔﺒــﺴﻨﻟا ترﻮــﻄﺗ ﺔــﻨﻴﻌﻣ تﺎــﺳﺎﻴﺳو تاﲑــﻐﺘﳌ ﺔــﺠﻴﺘﻧو ﻪــﻨﻜﻟ . 31 دﻮـــﻘﻋ ﺔــﻌﺑرأ ﺬــﻨﻤﻓ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ) مﺎﻋ 1971 ( يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا نﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ 14 ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ . 32 ﱃا ﻊﻔﺗﱰﻟ 38 مﺎـﻋ ﺔـﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 1988 ، 33 ﱃإ ﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﻦﺴﺤﺘﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻴﻟ 42 مﺎﻋ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 1994 . 34 و 45 تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﰲ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 2002 ، 35 ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟ ةأﺮﳌا ﺔﺒـــﺴﻨﺑ ﺎـــﻬﳜرﺎﺗ ﰲ ﻞـــﻴﺜﲤ ﺔﺒـــﺴﻧ ﻰـــﻠﻋأ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮـــﺴﻟا 47 مﺎـــﻋ تﺮـــﺟ ﱵـــﻟا ﺔـــﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا تﺎـــﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﰲ ﺔـــﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 2006 . 36 ﺎـــﻣأ ﰲ تﺎــﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﰲ تﺮــﺟ ﱵــﻟا ﺔــﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا 14 ﱪﻤﺘﺒــﺳ 2014 ﻰــﻠﻋ ءﺎــﺴﻨﻟا ﺖﻠــﺼﺣ 152 عﻮــﻤﳎ ﻦــﻣ اﺪــﻌﻘﻣ 349 لﺪــﻌﲟ يأ 43.60 ءﺎﻀﻋﻻا عﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ . 37 ) ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ 01 ( ﰲ تاﺪـﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ﺔـﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﳌا تﺎـﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا دﺪـﻋ نﺈـﻓ ﺔـﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﳌا تﺎـﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ تﺎﺒﺨﺘﻨﳌا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا دﺪﻋ ﻊﻣ ﻞﺛﺎﲤ ﰲو ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا نﺎﺠﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮـﺸﺘﻟا تاروﺪﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻳاﺰﺗ ﰲ ) ﻢـﻗر لوﺪـﺠﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ 02 ( و ، ) ﻢـﻗر لوﺪـﺠﻟا ﺮـﻈﻧأ 03 ( . ﻦﻜﳝو ﻂﺑر اﺬﻫ رﻮﻀﳊا ﲑﺒﻜﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﰲ تﺎﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا رﻮﻀﳊﺎﺑ يﻮﻘﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﰲ ﺢﺋاﻮـﻠﻟا ﺔـﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا باﺰـﺣﻸﻟ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ) ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ 04 ( . 2 ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا : ﱃإ ﻲــﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹا ىﻮﺘــﺴﳌا ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا ﻢــﺴﻘﺗ 21 مﺎــﻬﳌا ﻦــﻣ ﺮــﺜﻛأ ﺔﻴــﺳﺎﻴﺳ مﺎــﻬﲟ ﻊﻠﻄــﻀﻳ ﺲــﻠﳎ ﺔــﻈﻓﺎﳏ ﻞــﻜﻟ ﺔــﻈﻓﺎﳏ ﱃا ﻢــﺴﻘﺘﻓ ﻲـــﻠﶈا ىﻮﺘـــﺴﳌا ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺎـــﻣأ ،ﺔــﻴﺗﺎﻣﺪﳋا 290 تﺎﻣﺪـــﳋا ﻦـــﻣ ﺎــﻤﻬﻣ ادﺪـــﻋ مﺪـــﻘﻳ ﺐــﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﺲـــﻠﳎ ﺎــﻬﻨﻣ ﻞـــﻜﻟ ﺔـــﻳﺪﻠﺑ ﻲﻠﶈا ﻦﻃاﻮﻤﻠﻟ . 38 ﶈا تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا ىﺮﲡو ﺔﻴﻠ ) تﺎﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ( تاﻮﻨﺳ ﻊﺑرأ ﻞﻛ . 39 باﺰﺣﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻄﻟا ﺺﺼﳊا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ نزاﻮﺘﻣ تﺎﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﰲ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﱪﺘﻌﻳ . 40 ﺔــﻳﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ﺔــﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟا ﺲﻟﺎــ ﺎﺑ ﺔــﺻﺎﺧ ﺔــﺼﺣ ﻖــﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﰎ ﺎﻣﺪــﻨﻋ ةﻮــﻗ نزاﻮــﺘﻟا اﺬــﻫ دادزا ﺎــﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ تﺎﻴﻨﻴﻌــﺴﺘﻟا ﻒــﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﺬــﻨﻣو مﺎـﻋ 1995 ﺚــﻴﲝ ﻞــﺜﳝ ﺲﻨـﺟ ﻞــﻛ 40 ﺖــﻌﻔﺗرا ﲑﺑﺪــﺘﻟا اﺬــﻫ ﻖـﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﺮــﺛإو ﺔــﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺔـﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟا ﺲﻟﺎــ ا ﰲ ﻞــﻗﻷا ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔــﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ ﻦﻣ تﺎﻳﺪﻠﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺬﻴﻔﻨﺘﻟا ﺲﻟﺎ ا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ 24 مﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 1994 ﱃإ 45 مﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ 1997 ﱃإو ، 46 ﰲ مﺎـﻋ ﰲ ﺔـﺋﺎﳌا 2005 ، 41 ﻻ ﺺـﺼﳊا نأ ﻦــﻣ ﻢﻏﺮـﻟا ﻰــﻠﻋو ﺔﺒــﺴﻧ نأ ﻻإ ﺔـﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺲﻟﺎــ ا باﻮـﻧو ءﺎــﺳؤر ﺐـﺼﻨﻣ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻖــﺒﻄﺗ ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺪـﻳاﺰﺗ ﰲ ﺔــﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا ﺐـﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﻩﺬـﻫ ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا . 42 ) ﻢـﻗر لوﺪــﺠﻟا ﺮـﻈﻧأ 05 ( ﺐــﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﺔﻳﻮـﻀﻌﻟ ﺔﺒـﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺮــﻣﻷا ﻚﻟﺬـﻛو ﺖﻠﺼﺣ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﰲ ﻲﻬﻓ نﺎﺠﻠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻤﻬﳌا 44 ﰲ ﺔـﻤﻬﳌا ﺐـﺻﺎﻨﳌا ﱄﺎـﲨإ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ ﺮـﺧآ ﰲ ﺔـﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا نﺎـﺠﻠﻟا مﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺑ تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا 2011 . 43 ) ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا ﺮﻈﻧأ 06 (

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 69 ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا : 1 - ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺑﺰﺤﻟا ﻢﻋﺪﻟا ) ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺺﺼﺤﻟا ( داﺮـــﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻠـــﺻﻮﳌا تﺎـــﺑاﻮﺒﻟا ﺔـــﺑﺎﺜﲟ ﺪـــﻌﺗ ﻲـــﻬﻓ ﺔـــﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا تﺎـــﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻲـــﺳﺎﺳﻷا روﺪـــﻟا باﺰـــﺣﻸﻟ نأ تﺎـــﺳارﺪﻟا ﺪـــﻛﺆﺗ ﲔﺤـﺷﺮﳌا ﻢﺋاﻮـﻗ ﺪـﻳﺪﲢ ﺪـﻨﻋ ةﲑـﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆـﺴﻣ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﲔﺒﺧﺎﻨﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﰲ ًاﲑﺜﻛ ﺎﻬﳎﺎﻧﺮﺑو ﺎ ﺎﻄﺧ ﺮﺛﺆﻳو ،ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻗو ﺔﻳﺪﲜ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﻢﻋد ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋو . ﲔﺒﺗو باﺰﺣﻷا ﲏﺒﺗ لﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﳌا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﺺﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ) ﺎﺗﻮﻜﻟا ( ﻞـﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ةدﺎﻳز ، ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺷ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻳأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺺﺼﳊا مﺎﻈﻧ ﲎﺒﺘﺗ ﱵﻟا لوﺪﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا . 44 ، ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺺﺼﳊا ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻳ ﺎﻌﻳﺮﺸﺗ وأ ﺎﻳرﻮﺘﺳد ﺎﺼﻧ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻚﻠﺘﲤ ﻻو ﰊﺎـــﳚﻹا ﺰـــﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟا ﺔـــﻴﻟآ ﻖـــﺒﻄﺗ ﺪﻳﻮـــﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﲑـــﺒﻜﻟا ﺔﻴـــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا باﺰـــﺣﻷا ﺔـــﻴﺒﻟﺎﻏ نأ ﻻإ ) ﺔـــﻴﻋﻮﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎـــﺴﻨﻟا ﺺـــﺼﳊا ( ﰲ ﰊﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻋﻮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺢﻴﺷﱰﻟا ﺢﺋاﻮﻟ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑ ﺔﻣﺰﺘﻠﻣو ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺎ ﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ . 45 ﱪﺘﻌﺗو ﻮﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺺﺼﳊا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻞﺧدأ ﻦﻣ لوأ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا باﺰﺣﻷا ﻲﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋ . 46 ﻞﺒﻘﻓ 40 مﺎـﻋ ﰲو ﻪـﻧأ ﻻإ لﺎـﺟﺮﻟا ﻢﻬﺋاﺮـﻈﻧ ﻦـﻣ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ةﺎـﻴﳊا ﰲ ﺎـﻃاﺮﳔا ﻞﻗأ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﺎﻋ 1972 ةدﺎـﻗ مﺎـﻗ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﻦﻳزرﺎﺒﻟا ﲔﺑﺰﳊا ) ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪـﻟاو ﱄاﱪـﻴﻠﻟا بﺰﳊا ( ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا تاﻮـﺻأ ﺐـﺴﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰـﺳا ﺔـﻄﺧ ﻊـﺿﻮﺑ ، أ دﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ةﻮﻘﻟا ةدﺎﻳز ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ﺪﻋﺎﻘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﱪﻛ . 47 ﰲ ﲔــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔـﺑ ةاوﺎــﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔـﻳﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﺪــﺣو ءﺎـﺸﻧﺈﺑ كاﺬــﻧآ ﺔﻄﻠـﺴﻟا ﰲ نﺎــﻛ يﺬـﻟا ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪـﻟا بﺰــﳊا مﺎـﻘﻓ ﺔــﻣﻮﻜﳊا . ﻞﻜــﺸﺗ نأ ﺐــﳚ ﻪــﻧﺄﺑ كاﺬــﻧآ ﺔــﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﰲ ﻲــﺳﺎﺳأ فﺮــﻃ نﺎــﻛ يﺬــﻟاو ﻮــﻫو ﱄاﱪــﻴﻠﻟا بﺰــﳊا ﻰــﺻوأ ﻪــﺴﻔﻧ مﺎــﻌﻟا ﰲو ﺔﺒـﺴﻧ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا 40 بﺰـﳊا ﻲﻈﻓﺎـﳏ ﺲـﻠﳎ ﰲ لﺎـﳊا ﻮـﻫ ﺎـﻤﻛ بﺰـﺤﻠﻟ ﺔـﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ةدﺎـﻴﻘﻟا ﺐـﺻﺎﻨﻣ ﻦـﻣ ﺔـﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ روﺪـﻟا ﱃا ﺔﻓﺎـﺿإ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا تﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌاو تادﺎﲢﻹا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ يﺬﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷا . 48 ،باﺰــﺣﻷا ﻊــﻴﲨ ﰲ لﺎــﻤﻋﻷا لوﺪــﺟ ﻰــﻠﻋ ةأﺮــﳌا ﻞــﻴﺜﲤ ﺔﻴــﻀﻗ ﺖــﻧﺎﻛ اﺬــﻜﻫو _ بﺰــﺣو ﲔﻈﻓﺎــﶈا بﺰــﺣ نأ ﻢــﻠﻌﻟا ﻊــﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ةﺎﻴﳊا ﰲ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ نزاﻮﺘﻟا أﺪﺒﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻈﻔﺤﺘﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﻟا - ﺔـﻴﺑﺰﳊا تارﺎﻌـﺸﻟا ﻩﺬـﻫ ﺖـﻟﻮﲢ ﺖـﻗﻮﻟا روﺮـﻣ ﻊـﻣو بﺰــﺣ ﻢــﻫو ﻲـﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﺎــﻬﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺔـﻴﻋﻮﻄﻟا ﺺــﺼﳊا مﺎــﻈﻧ ماﺪﺨﺘـﺳا باﺰــﺣأ ﺔـﺛﻼﺛ ترﺮــﻗ ﺎﻣﺪــﻨﻋ ،ﺔﻣاﺮـﺻ ﺮــﺜﻛأ تﺎﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ﱃإ مﺎــﻋ ﰲ ﻪــﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺬــﻨﻣ ﺮــﻀﳋا 1981 . ﰲ رﺎــﺴﻴﻟا بﺰــﺣو مﺎــﻋ 1987 مﺎــﻋ ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪــﻟا بﺰــﳊاو ، 1993 . ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺨﺘﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﻟا بﺰﺣ ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ 50 ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ . 49 ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا تﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌا ﰲ ةأﺮﳌا ﺪﺟاﻮﺗ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟو مﺎﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟا بﺰﳊا مﺪﻗ 1994 ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻃأ اءﺪﺒﻣ " ﻞـﻛ ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ نﺎﺛ ﺪﻌﻘﻣ " ﻢﺋاﻮﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﳏ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻴﻓو ﻟ ﺔـﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا ﻠ ءﺎـﺴﻨ . 50 ﻢﺋاﻮـﻘﻟا ﰲ لﺎـﺟﺮﻟاو ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا بوﺎـﻨﺗ حﻮـﻤﻄﻟ ﺰـﻣﺮﻳ يﺬـﻟاو

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 70 ﺔــﻔﻠﺘﳐو ﺔــﻤﻬﻣ ﺐــﺻﺎﻨﻣ غﻮــﻠﺒﻟ ﺔــﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا . ب ﻢﻬــﺴﻔﻧأ نﻮﻔــﺼﻳ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا باﺰــﺣﻷا ةدﺎــﻗ نﺈــﻓ نﻵا ﺎــﻣأ " ﲔــﺑ ةاوﺎــﺴﳌا رﺎــﺼﻧأ ﲔــﺴﻨﳉا . 51 ﻞـــﻌﺟ ﺎـــﻣ اﺬـــﻫو ﱪﻟا ﰲ ﻚﻟﺬــﻛو ﺔﻴـــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا باﺰـــﺣﻷا ﻞـــﺧاد ﺎـــﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺮــﺜﻛأ ءﺎـــﺴﻨﻟا نﺎـــﳌ ) ﲏـــﻌﳌا ﻲـــﻌﺟﺮﳌا ﻖـــﻳﺮﻔﻟا نﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌﺎﺑ . ( 52 2 - ﻟا دﺎﻤﺘﻋإ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا مﺎﻈﻨ ) ﻲﺒﺴﻨﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا :( تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻟا ﻢﺋاﻮﻘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﺒﻄﺗ ﺔـﻴﻌﻤﺘ ا تارﻮـﻄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷو ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳا ﺮﺜﻛﻷا ﰊﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﻮﻫو ،ﺔﻴــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟاو 53 اﺬــﻫ ﱪــﺘﻌﻳو ﺪــﻨﻋ ﻲــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞــﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﰲ ﲔــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔــﺑ ةاوﺎــﺴﳌا ﻰــﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎــﺴﺗ ﱵــﻟا ﺔــﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا ﻢﻈﻨــﻟا ﺮــﺜﻛأ مﺎــﻈﻨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺺﺼﳊا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ . 54 3 - ﻦﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻢﻋﺪﻟ تﺎﻴﺠﺗاﺮﺘﺳإ دﺎﻤﺘﻋإ : ﺎــﲟ تﻻﺎــ ا ﻞــﻛ ﰲ ﲔــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔــﺑ صﺮــﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎــﻜﺗ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺔــﻴﻨﻃو تﺎــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ةﺪــﻋ دﻮــﻘﻋ ﺬــﻨﻣو ﺪﻳﻮــﺴﻟا تﺪــﻤﺘﻋإ ﺎــﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻛﺬﻧ تﺎﻴﲡاﱰﺳﻹا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣو ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا لﺎ ا :  مﺎﻋ صﺮﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺗ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻧﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹا ناﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ 1989 ؛  مﺎﻋ صﺮﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺘﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ 1992 .  صﺮــﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎـﻜﺗ نﻮﻧﺎــﻘﻟ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﺢﻴـﻘﻨﺗ " عﻮــﻨﻟا تاءﺎـﺼﺣإ ﻦــﻣ ﺖـﻠﻌﺟ صﺮــﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎـﻜﺘﻟ ةﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﺔــﻴﻨﻃو ﺔـﺳﺎﻴﺳ تاءﺎﺼﺣﻹا ﻦﻣ اءﺰﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا مﺎﻋ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟا 1994 . 55  مﺎﻋ ذﺎﻔﻨﻟا ﺰﻴﺣ ﺖﻠﺧد صﺮﻔﻟا ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺗ نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣاﺮﺻ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ راﺪﺻإ 2001 .  ﺐـــﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲ ﻲﻋﺎـــﻤﺘﺟﻹا عﻮـــﻨﻟا رﻮـــﻈﻨﻣ ةﺎـــﻋاﺮﻣ ﻢﻴـــﻤﻌﺘﺑ ﲔـــﺴﻨﳉا ﲔـــﺑ ةاوﺎـــﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰـــﺳا ﺪـــﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔـــﻣﻮﻜﳊا مﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﳊا 2004 ؛ 56  تﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺎﻓاﺪﻫأ ﺮﻘﻳ نﺎﳌﱪﻟا مﺎﻋ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌا 2006 . 57 ﺔﻤﺗﺎﺨﻟا : ﺪﻗو ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا لﺎ ا ﰲو ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا ﲔﺑ ةاوﺎﺴﳌا لﺎﳎ ﰲ اﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺎﺟذﻮﳕ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﱪﺘﻌﺗ اﺬ و تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﺘﺒﺛأ ﺎــﻬﻨﻣ ةﲑــﺜﻛ بﺎﺒـﺳﻷا نأ : ﺔــﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﺔــﻴﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟا باﺰـﺣﻷا ةﻮــﻗو ،ﺔــﻨﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﻞــﺜﻣ ﺪــﻠﺒﻟا اﺬـﻫ ﰲ ﺔــﻴﻠﻜﻴﳍا تاﲑــﻴﻐﺘﻟا ﺔــﻳﺎﻋر ﺮﻳﻮــﻄﺗو مﺎـﻋ ﺬـﻨﻣ ﰲ ةﲑـﺒﻛ داﺪـﻋﺄﺑ ﻞـﻤﻌﻟا قﻮـﺳ ﰲ ءﺎـﺴﻨﻟا لﻮـﺧد ، داﺮـﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا 1960 مﺎـﻈﻨﻟاو ،تﺎﻴﻨﻴﺘـﺴﻟا ﺬـﻨﻣ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةﺮـﻔﻄﻟا ، ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ةﺪﻋو ﰊﺎﺨﺘﻧﻹا . ﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟا تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻹا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻹا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﱪﺘﻌﺗو ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا تﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌا ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﻊﻓر فﺪ ﺪﻠﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ . 58

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 71 ﱂ مﺎـﺘﻟا فﺎـﺼﻧﻹا نأ نوﺮﻳ ﻢﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ةﺎﻴﳊا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا طاﺮﳔا ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﱵﻟا ﲑﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌا ﺮﻘُﺗ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا لاﺰﺗ ﻻ و نﺎﳌﱪﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ ﱂ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﻂﻗ ةأﺮﻣإ ءارزو ﺲﻴﺋر ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ ذإ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﺼﳛ ﱃا 50 ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﰲ . 59 ﻖﺣﻼﻤﻟا : ﻢـــﻗر لوﺪـــﺠﻟا ) 01 ( ﻲـــﻓ يﺪﻳﻮـــﺴﻟا نﺎـــﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟا ﻲـــﻓ ﺔﻴـــﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا باﺰـــﺣﻷا ﻞـــﻛ ﺐـــﺴﺣ ءﺎـــﺴﻨﻟا ﻞـــﻴﺜﻤﺗ ﺢـــﺿﻮﻳ تﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا 2014 : ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا ﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟا ﺌ ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﻮ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 47.10 ﻦﻴﻟﺪﺘﻌﻤﻟا بﺰﺣ 52.40 ﺮﻀﺨﻟا بﺰﺣ 50 ﻲﻟاﺮﺒﻠﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 26.30 ﻂﺳﻮﻟا بﺰﺣ 42.90 يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا نﻮﻴﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا بﺰﺣ 22.50 ﻲﺤﻴﺴﻤﻟا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 37.50 رﺎﺴﻴﻟا بﺰﺣ 57.10 نﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ تﻼﺜﻤﻤﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 43.60

the source : Michael Potter, "The Swedish General Election 2014 and

the Representation of Women "(This paper reviews the Swedish general election of September 2014 from the perspective of the representation of women in politics, Northern Ireland Assembly, 01 October 2014)p.26.

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 72 ﻢــﻗر لوﺪــﺠﻟا ) 02 ( ﺐــﺴﺣ ﺲﻨــﺟ ﺔــﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟا ﺐــﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲــﻓ ﻦﻴﻟوﺆــﺴﻤﻟا رﺎــﺒﻛ ﻊــﻳزﻮﺗ 1985 – 2000 -2014 1985 2000 2014 ﺐﺼﻨﻤﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءارزﻮﻟا 25 75 55 45 54 46 نﻮﻣﺎـــﻋ ءﺎــﻨﻣأ ﺔﻟوﺪﻠﻟ 12 88 38 62 37 63 ءارﺪـــــــــــــــــــــﻤﻟا نﻮﻣﺎﺴﻟا 11 89 27 73 67 33 the source : Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report

about :Women and men in Sweden Facts and figures 2014, Sweden,2014,p. 96. ﻢـــﻗر لوﺪـــﺠﻟا ) 03 ( ﻦـــﻣ ﺲﻨـــﺠﻟا ﺐـــﺴﺣ ﺔـــﻴﻧﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟا نﺎـــﺠﻠﻟا ءﺎـــﻀﻋأ ﻊـــﻳزﻮﺗ ﺢـــﺿﻮﻳ 1985 -2001 2014 : نﺎﻤﻟﺮﺑ 2014 نﺎﻤﻟﺮﺑ 2001 نﺎﻤﻟﺮﺑ 1985 لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻠﻟا 41 59 47 53 80 20 ﻦﻜﺴﻟا / ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا 41 59 53 47 53 47 ﺔﺤﺼﻟا ﻩﺎﻓﺮﻟاو 41 59 53 47 73 27 ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟا 53 47 59 41 73 27 ىﻮﻘﻟا

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 73 ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا 53 47 53 47 80 20 ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا 53 47 71 29 73 27 ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا 59 41 35 65 73 27 ﺔﻟاﺪﻌﻟا 59 41 47 53 40 60 ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا 59 41 76 24 80 20 ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟاو 59 41 35 65 40 60 تﺎﻨﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا 59 41 65 35 87 13 روﺮﻤﻟا 71 29 71 29 80 20 رﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟا 71 29 53 47 87 13 ﺐﺋاﺮﻀﻟا 76 24 53 47 80 20 ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﻟا 82 18 65 35 80 20 عﺎﻓﺪﻟا -41 59 67 33 نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﻲﻧﺪﻤﻟا 58 42 55 45 72 28 عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﺋﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ 149 106 149 123 172 68 عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا يدﺪﻌﻟا the source : Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report

about :Women and men in Sweden Facts and figures 2014, Sweden,2014,p. 95. ﻢــﻗر لوﺪــﺠﻟا ) 04 ( ﻢﺋاﻮــﻘﻟا ﻲــﻓ تﺎﺤــﺷﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﺒــﺴﻧ ﺢــﺿﻮﻳ ﺔــﻴﻧﺎﻤﻟﺮﺒﻟا تﺎــﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﻲــﻓ باﺰــﺣﻸﻟ ﺔــﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا 2014 :

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 74 بﺰﺤﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧﻻا ﻪﻤﺋاﻮﻗ تﺎﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا بﺰﺣ 53.30 ﺮﻀﺨﻟا بﺰﺣ 50.70 ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻹا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 49.70 ﻲﻟاﺮﺒﻠﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 43.60 ﻲﺤﻴﺴﻤﻟا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا بﺰﺤﻟا 42.90 ﻦﻴﻟﺪﺘﻌﻤﻟا بﺰﺣ 42.10 ﻂﺳﻮﻟا بﺰﺣ 44.10 بﺰﺣ يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا نﻮﻴﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا 30.20 تﺎﺤﺷﺮﻤﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 45.20

the source : Michael Potter, "The Swedish General Election 2014 and

the Representation of Women "(This paper reviews the Swedish general election of September 2014 from the perspective of the representation of women in politics, Northern Ireland Assembly, 01 October 2014)p.21.

ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا ) 05 ( تﺎﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺌﺘﺳﻹا ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟا " ﻊـﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا يدﺪﻌﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ، ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ " مﺎﻌﻟ 2011 : ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﻲـــــــــــﻓ ﺐـــــــــــﺻﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻟاـﻨ ـﺴـ ءﺎ لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺲﻴﺋر 04 05 33 67 ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺲﻴﺋر ﺐﺋﺎﻧ 06 07 41 59 يدﺎـــــــــــــﻋ ﻮـــــــــــــﻀﻋ 47 46 43 57

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 75 ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺑ ﻮﻀﻋ ـــــ ﻳﺪ ـــــــ ﻞ 44 41 44 56 ﺔﺋﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا 100 100 43 57 يدﺪﻌﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا the source : Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report

about :Women and men in Sweden Facts and figures 2012, Sweden,2012 ,p.99. ﻢﻗر لوﺪﺠﻟا ) 06 ( ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا ) نﺎﺠﻠﻟا ( ﺔـﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﺲﻟﺎـﺠﻤﻟا ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﻤﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺌﺘـﺳﻹا " ،ﺔـﻳﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺐـﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻊـﻳزﻮﺘﻟا يدﺪﻌﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا ، ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا " مﺎﻌﻟ 2011 : ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺲﻟﺎﺠﻤﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ﺔﺤــﺼﻟا ﺔــﻳﺎﻋر ﺔـــﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تﺎﻣﺪـــﺧ – ﺔـــــــــــــــــــــــﻟﻮﻔﻄﻟا بﺎﺒﺸﻟا 29 17 57 43 ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟا 22 17 51 49 ﺔـــﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻪـــﻴﻓﺮﺘﻟا – ﺔﺣﺎﻴـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺴﻟا تاءﺎﺸﻧإ -ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا 11 11 46 54 روﺮﻤﻟا / تارﺎﻘﻌﻟا 19 35 30 70 ﺔﻴﺳرﺪﻤﻟا تادﺎﻴﻘﻟا 19 21 42 58 ﺔﺋﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا 100 100 44 56 يدﺪﻌﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا 12160 15280

the source : Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report

about :Women and men in Sweden Facts and figures 2012, Sweden,2012 ,p.99.

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 76 ﺶﻴﻤﻬﺘﻟا 1 -ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ، " ا ﰲ ةأﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺔﻛرﺎﺸﳌا تﺎﻴﻧﺎﳌﱪﻟا ءﺎﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﱄوﺪﻟا ىﺪﺘﻨﳌ " ، ﺔﻣﻷا ﺲﻠﳎ ﺔﻠﳎ ، ﺮﺋاﺰﳉا،رﺎﻬﺷﻹاو ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌا ، ) دﺪﻌﻟا 27 ( ، ) ﺮﺑﻮﺘﻛأ ، ﱪﻤﺘﺒﺳ 2006 ( ص،، . 33 .

2_{- Åsa Karlsson Sjögren, Suffrage and Married Women’s Rights Political strategies within the Swedish}

Women’s movement 1870-1920,( A paper presented : Fifth Symposium Social Movements and Well-Being, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam , The Netherlands, 04 - 07 March 2009) ,p.10,11. 3_{- Ibid ,p.10,11.} 4_{- Ibid ,p.10,11.} 5 -ﺮﻤﻳﺮﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﻳﺪﻳﺮﻓ " Fredrika Bremer ) 1801 1865 ( ﺔﻳﻮﺴﻧ ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻧو ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺳ ﺔﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺒﻛ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ نﺎﻛ ، ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧو ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا .

6_{- - Åsa Karlsson Sjögren, Op. Cit ,p 18}_{. .} 7_{- Ibid ,p 18}_{. .}

8_{- Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report about :Women and men in Sweden}

Facts and figures 2012, Sweden,2012 ,p.07.

11 -ﻪﻤﻟﺎﺑ فﻮﻟوأ olof palme ) 1927 -1986 ( ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ يﺪﻳﻮﺳ ءﺎﻤﻋز ﺪﺣأ ، ﳊا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟا بﺰ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ءارزو ﺲﻴﺋر ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﲔﺑ 1969 و 1976 مﺎﻋ ﻪﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻴﻋا ، 1982 ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻟدﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻟوﺪﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻛ ﺺﳜ ﺎﻣ ﰲ ةﺪﻳﺪﺸﻟا ﻪﺘﺣاﺮﺻو ﺔﺌﻳﺮﳉا ﻪﻔﻗاﻮﲟ ًﺎﻴﻟود ﺮﻬﺘﺷا ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗو ﺔﻨﻴﻄﺴﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟا مﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﺘﻏأ 1986 ﻪﻔﻗاﻮﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ .

12_{- Eva Maria Svensson, and Åsa Gunnarsson ,"Gender Equality in the Swedish Welfare State "}

,feminists and law, (Vol 02 ),( No 01 ) ,(2012),p.04.

13 ، ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻜﻠﳑ ،ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ،يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺪﻬﻌﳌا لﻮﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺎﻘﺣ ص ، . 04 .

14_-_{Eva Maria Svensson, and Åsa Gunnarsson, Op. Cit , p.08.} 15_{- The Constitution of Sweden, Chapter 01, Art 01.}

16_{- The Constitution of Sweden, Chapter 01, Art 02.}

17_{- Michael Potter, "The Swedish General Election 2014 and the Representation of Women "(This}

paper reviews the Swedish general election of September 2014 from the perspective of the representation of women in politics, Northern Ireland Assembly, 01 October 2014) ,p.27.

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ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ

ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 77

20_-_{Diane Sainsbury, "Women’s Political Representation in Sweden: Discursive Politics and Institutional}

Presence ", Scandinavian Political Studies, (Vol27) ,( No01) , (2004),p.74.

22_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit ,p.27.}

23_-_{Jessica Sandberg ,"Human Rights in Sweden ", Revista IIDH , (vol 36),(2002),p.110.}

24 ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا : ﻮﻫ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻠﻟ ةﺪﻗﺎﻌﺘﳌا لوﺪﻠﻟ نﻮﺿﻮﻔﳌا نﻮﺑوﺪﻨﳌا ﻪﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻا صﻮﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ءﺎﻀﺗرا . ءﺎﻄﻋإ ﻮﻫ ﱃوﻷا فﺮﺣﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﻣإ نﻮﻜﻳ ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟاو ﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﺖﻀﻓر نإ ، ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﰎ ﻢﻬﻔﻗﻮﻣ تﺪﻳأ نﺈﻓ ، ﻪﻴﻠﻋ قﺎﻔﺗﻻا ﰎ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻏر ﻰﻠﻋ فﺮﻌﺘﻟاو ﻢﳍود ﱃإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟا ﲔﺑوﺪﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻦﻋ لﺪﻋ ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا دﺎﻤﺘﻋا تﺎ ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا . ﻷﺎﺑ ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟاو ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻘﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻳﺮﳊﺎﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﳛ ﻞﻛ نأ يأ ،ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﺑوﺪﻨﳌا ﱪﳚ ﺎﻣ كﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟو ًﺎﻣﺰﻠﻣ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻻ ﱃوﻷا فﺮﺣ وأ ﻪﻨﻋ عﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻا . ﻖﻳﺪﺼﺘﻟا : ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﲔﻧاﻮﻘﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎ ﺔﻣﺰﻠﻣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻأ و ﺎ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻘﻓاو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا نأ ﻮﻫ " ﱵﻟا ﺔﻳرﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟا ﺪﻋاﻮﻘﻟا ﻖﻓو ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻨﺗ " ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟا ةﺪﻳﺮﳉا ﰲ ﺮﺸﻨﻟا ﺔﻳرﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟا ﺎﻫﺪﻋاﻮﻗ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا لوﺪﻟا ﺐﻠﻏأو . مﺎﻤﻀﻧﻻا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻰﻋاﺮﺗ نأ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﻰﻠﻋو ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻأ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ًﺎﻓﺮﻃ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ نأ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻏر ﻦﻋ بﺮﻌﺗ نأ ﻪﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗا ﰲ ًﺎﻓﺮﻃ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻟود ﻩﺎﻀﺘﻘﲟ ﻚﻠﲤ ءاﺮﺟإ تاءاﺮﺟﻹا ﺔﻟﺎﳊا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ صﻮﺼﻨﳌا ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ مﺎﻤﻀﻧﻻا نﺄﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻا . ﻆﻔﺤﺘﻟا : ﺎﻤﻛ ﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺎ دﺎﻣ ﰲ ﻆﻔﺤﺘﻟا تاﺪﻫﺎﻌﳌا نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟ ﺎﻨﻴﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗا ﻪﺘﻓﺮ ) د ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ( ﻪﻧﺄﺑ " ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﻦﻋ رﺪﺼﻳ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﺴﺗ وأ ﻪﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻳآ ﺪﺣاو ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ نﻼﻋإ و ، ةﺪﻫﺎﻌﻣ ﱄإ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻤﻀﻧا وأ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻓاﻮﻣ وأ ﺎﳍﻮﺒﻗ وأ ﺎﻬﻘﻳﺪﺼﺗ وأ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎ ﺎﻳﺮﺳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﺪﻫﺎﻌﳌا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ مﺎﻜﺣﻹ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ وأ دﺎﻌﺒﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ فﺪ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻠﻋ . 25_{- Ibid ,p.118.} 26_-_{Ibid ,p.110.}

27_{- The Constitution of Sweden, Chapter 03, Art 01 ,03.}

28 - ، ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻜﻠﳑ ،ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ،يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺪﻬﻌﳌا لﻮﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺎﻘﺣ ص ، . 02 .

30 - كﻮﻛ ﻦﻳرﺎﻛ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ﰲ ةﺮﻳزو ةأﺮﻣا لوأ ﲔﻴﻌﺗ " Karin Kock " مﺎﻋ نﺎﻛ 1947 .

31_{- Lena Wängnerud," Women in Parliament: Making a Difference Sweden: A Step-wise}

Development " ,in Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, Editors, Julie Ballington, and Azza Karam (Stockholm :International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance,2005),p. 238 .

32_-_{Ibid , p. 238} _.

33_{- Lenita Freidenvall," Women’s Political Representation and Gender Quotas - the Swedish Case," (}

Working Paper Series :The Research Program on Gender Quotas, Department of Political Science, Stockholm University,2013),p.03.

34_{- Drude Dahlerup ", Quotas A Jump to Equality? The Need for International Comparisons of the Use}

of Electoral Quotas to obtain Equal Political Citizenship for Women "( Paper prepared for : workshop hosted by International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), Jakarta, Indonesia, 25 September 2002 ),p.01.

(15)

ﲪ ﺪﻴﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻮﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﻮﻟﺍ ـ ﺮﻀﳋ ﺔ

ﺔﺤﻔﺻ 78

Facts and figures 2014, Sweden,2014,p. 93.

37_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit, p.26.}

38 - ، ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻜﻠﳑ ،ﺔﻳﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻣﻮﻜﳊا ،يﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﺪﻬﻌﳌا لﻮﺣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ : ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺎﻘﺣ ص ، .03.

39_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit,20.}

40_{- Kirsti Niskanen, Gender and Power in the Nordic Countries(Oslo :NIKK Publications,}

2011).p.20.

41_{- Ibid , p.21, 22.}

Facts and figures 2012,

44 ﻊــــﺒﺻأ ﻮــﺑأ ﺲـــــﻴﻘﻠﺑ ، " برﺎـﺠﺘﻟا ،مﻮــﻬﻔﻤﻟ ءﺎــﺴﻨﻠﻟ ﺺﺼـﺣ ﺺـﻴﺼﺨﺗ و تﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹا " ) ﱃا ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺔﻗرو : ءﺎـــﺴﻨﻟا ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟاو ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻲﻃاﺮﻘﳝﺪﻟا ﻰﻘﺘﻠﳌا ﺔــﺳﺎـﻴﺴﻟاو ﺔﻴﻨﻳد ىؤر – ،لﻮﻠﺣو تﺎﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷإ ءﺎﻌﻨﺻ ، 14 23 ﱪﻤﺘﺒﺳ 2004 ( ، ص 47 ، 48 .

45_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit , p.27.}

46_{- Rohini Pande and Deanna Ford ,Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review (Paper prepared}

for : Background Paper for the World Development Report on Gender, 07 April 2011 ), p.09.

47_{- Lena Wängnerud, Op. Cit , p. 238}_,239. 48_{- Ibid,}₂₃₈_,239.

49_{- Centre for Women and Democracy Quotas in Parliamentary Elections ,report about : Quotas in}

Parliamentary Elections, uk, November 2012.p.02.

50_{- Drude Dahlerup, Op. Cit ,p.01-02.} 51_{- Lena Wängnerud, Op. Cit , p. 238}_.239. 52_{- Michael Potter, , Op. Cit , p.27,28.} 53_{- Drude Dahlerup, Op. Cit , p.01-02.} 54_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit , p.27.}

55_{- Kingdom of Sweden, Population Statistics Unit ,report about :Women and men in Sweden Facts}

and figures 2012, Sweden,2012 ,p.10.

58_{- Drude Dahlerup, , Op. Cit , p.01-02.} 59_{- Michael Potter, Op. Cit , p. 28.}