,
tPI'S
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0"
lit
Fa
·
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!
, ,I tPh.L.
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f~'(l'n" t.'~' .W;',(-.IV
105
ll~
128
..
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'*
1
1'111611
PART
l:xperlmontal b1ology
hila
suoh 1hor.·1, tlonvinolng
,'lat;ttl.0a'tona, aa
1ft ••
4101U. .' 'loulttae. aa4
iJl4usrtW1.
;\-ha' 'bo •• men
who ...
·.th
• .,.,
",1,1n'8"_t04
in
b101t;)Q
have
failed
"0
make a crl"te&l
afh"llyde
of
l i .
prlno1,pl ••• ·
-'Io'hiDg
1"
Mote
.":rt,k1!lS
1il
'I'h18dienoe
t11.an
~h.O'ontl'afJ'
_ '
. .
en. tbe
b~1111(lntfiletll. 1·:·1lll1tJ.
8ndoare
bestowed
tlpOA
Gb ••
r'.· ion
&ad
.,xpertJleat".
,&Btl
'h.~llmo,toom:ple".
negle.t ot
O~)·uttt'n1n
r~tiJ~ud"Othe dst1n1.tton
and
U • •01
the
."ono.~'.
1ft 'ant.
·of
wh10b
thfl ..
estllt8
041
.Xp~~·fI"d..
-(1)
It la,
l\.ft:t'h~l••• , 'hie
Y$'ry
COUUtHu1
eu:b8'il'tltum
of
b1ol.oEa'
_tell
tb:roUl'h
~1rd_11&8
laid
alle:!halln1..
cla1.
to
our
lil081c~11,lY
enough.
ohl!~~'10ft~of
the
ne-l'
tOJ'a1
of
faa" ...
.
rlaltam, suoh
a8r.rn_.
pr~'l._,1, '.oal
~)ogJ1tlYl_.h .•
"·9
gl"en
IlOJt@
t11' :.
"to
'he:rlyillg .p:l.llcll)l ••
ot
exPel.'-:~l
. .
alal
blot • •
,baa
1boae
*0
01a1a
\0 pull_a
knoWler1 __
~ ~ ....
p~1J1&:rlrl1 fo~
1'. owa
sQ
.• ,
and
they
hay. indeed made
ill,.
" .•
,
••
" eontl'iDt1"'".ona.
"!'he
1~,~"&Jl
18
UIl4er
the
lapre· ••
ton
that
th
. . .
101118
ot
matt~:rl#:ill_
aate'he
only
Oft8at~t,YOtlr.d
by
oU% '
'~~,~-,' ".~~
,
~" v'1,"
. '{~\i ~ ~~~.:.J"~--~. Vl~. ffH",' . . ~ £#~'};'1,.,'l'
A f l t: . v ~![;}f --<" _.-.1.,'1:_ . ... l? (1tr ~111~~" , ("1" ,) 't~atil",,!· ,~,:.~<'4 • • ' .. ,n~
wh,:l
I
8e" for
1,.
us.
e't~'«t11,aa 'i~,JtI.the kind
of
krlr!fW'l
$(188
we
&011'.
111
bl010' '.
Yhflzte
i .
a
co'
of
p21
nr.;.lple
a
tll>OU
Wl11Gb ..
11 .o'dera
biologl.'.~.e.
.uGh
a...p:r1~yot
$:XIJ~rlello..'he
ftYelf
p~oYl.loaalch,Ua81,er
of tiei'1111'i,()na
andot
i:t
01'ltlrr-11Iatl"ua.
'.he need
'0 , •• ,
tl.{~a1n&l'l!1
~g;(ilnpl'inclpl ••
whiob
ne'.t~1' t~',f$,rtdto;,
'l~(~til t1.ate
1;1"tl1h. In
oth.r
WO,J'dtJ,
f!xpfJrlmftntr.i
bl~)l:1.
not ••
r~17a qa ••
'
,tor
OOllolua1ona.
I't
mUll'
f(#tJVe:
8i,tlon
It.
Y4-zyprlnc1Plee.
llowf.~ve:r.the
.. lI8dl, . . .
'I. lhe 0.11 'he
ttu1'. ot
li.t.'-
8Jl(l
'Ar(1
all the
getler'A11ea:'lon.
proy1f1S..cnal
1'.
tire of
a
dttf
ere:rlt
ord8J'.
the
1,.','8"
18
t&kelt
tzzoa a
btl
of prlntilpl •• whloh .e
call
'. !he
former
18
cb\).~n
twom
a
bodyot
p~lnolple.uJ'lYH.,'
by •.
xper1ment:lal
illY~8tlE~~,t1()nand
pU,2e11hifJ1H:tTlcal
f~Q\1nd.aa
~!'at'*,lW8fl"ot
:p~a" ,f~J.c'.which
wotlltl 'be plau.llJle fOJl
th,~tlltwra,
'h
would
My.~tbol.a.b.
Of~l, dltt.~e1:1t o~de.%than
thoee
01
,t'h.$
mf:J'ttodolQ~1ca1kind.
J~OJ' ",h.tf)~lrr81;;~l.t~'0
ihe
Vf!l~ybleAt
'''''l _ _ ~i~ "'XI)~t~l_n~al 'b~o~oQJ
wb,ftre,(,8
ihe latter
00&1'
~)l'\the
JlfAiYl!
!!.
2Jta>loI19:~!1 ~no'4._
• • •
('Ih •
•
L@t,us
.tAP 8fi_h.'
'he.e m8ih{)dolog1c,
pZ'irlO1.pl.'.
ae
,.u..
1)0..
l'
follow
'hat
_he'flrf~
'0 "
exte:nded, ".
all
t1
e14. ot'knt7'lf1 • • •
'
It
'he
01010'
n
1.
to
k1.1011
jus"
what
have
some i,dea
on
"tli.
,p%r:)bl.(im.~>lthflr
edge he
aQ<1111 ..
e. ia
'll.Yt'~*,y UGh~tY.l)Go.A?
,.ol(t'no~t ~l:r
'1'
i$
melffl17
at
l'tl7'
~)t ~;i mo~e f~neralscbeu.
'0
Whloh l '
1'1118lomedetlnlta
relat1()D.
But
l ' 1.
(~81)Gc1all,1 th.o:~ltthc~llo b'101.o{~tm't "'\0tth()Uld
kooW
'll&
Wl1ill'rf'Jof
t,he
kn,oW1ft(l~r!~~ h~, &Qr1l11J"~'. th.TOl!f~ ~d-tl "l . . . ~V"the
:r~~{ltl,1.1'~ '~l
to"Z a
f~01"11'let~
Who
uade~'alt•• llhe
lnVt!!fff1
tJ'tf.t10tl
of
nl~l'tl%~1.1 ~pl18n.omt.tna18
'ha'
he
.Etflery~tor
1't1maf~lta
1
lo8rt1
of.~ndwh1oh3rt,.,.
o.ft
>
11osophloal
dotlb'.
It
1S-11011 nf~08.8tlry.hOWflYft'l',to
be
a
aotlpt!,,, ,
1t
1,8
OOOt' • •
~ayto
o-@11ev'e in
'.o;1enoe,
'11.8.1;
18
to
e.,. 1n
de'e:tlt1.,n1 • • 1na.n.
abI0111",
Re08391lZ)' "~'la,'tlQ.under ..
lying
the
~pll.n...
na pltOper
to
'l1,Y1n!
be1 •••
llU) • •11
~l.to
all
o'b~;rbei._;
but
l ' 1. neoes.a:ry
a~"he
1I8J.i.188
"0be
'har'
1, fJoftylnoed
'hat ".
htl".
'his
%tlf:t'tion
(Hl1.yin
a
.anner
mf) ••
O~1 .•••
aJ)l)1'o%.l.atl~~.anti
illat
tbe
'lleorl ••
whloh
1f~po._,.,uetar
fro.
7eprflHiGX:tt1ng
UD.Ql1anl&eable
'ru~th••
then
W'$oo·n.t.ruot
a
'Mrf~l
--IT
tn
oU.rlfcleno$s.
theaol,e
'bi'l!
of .111oh . . are
ce:t'aln,
1*
"h.l~ t~11
tbelMt"1eorlo11
us,
abeclute1y
ap8.:kintt,t~~1_. ' f l t 1 li2e ()f.l!y p~~t:rtla.lf:U\d.
prov1--aloQ,al
tltu1hm:,
Which
~~eneO·f!I
3ary'
tor
119. tr~1steps
onwl\lob
8;lmp17 the
aG'Wi1
eta'. of
Ola
E;D0W184p,
and
GOn_quen11v
they:
lat.'
lI.alfled w1'
lb..
,'owthotN1enoe,
aDd . .
• \lCtb
mop of'
••
e,.
,be:
.Qlen._
~ltft1 •••
adY'WlGe4
1n
'hell'
8:"1"t10-.
1(1)
,'.~
tllO
Yo:rk
. f
Bei"nard.
t , .emlne.'
O.'holl0 . .
18'nt181
LOllia
i'a.'eu~had ' , .
h ,:, •• , . .
t:ra:aloa. He
oon.l4ere,
t,
th..o." 111
nattnato·oapl.'.,
&a4
profouM
w07k ."
••
!ttl"en
ODt11:.
prlno1pl ••
ote:X)Mrl ••
nta'tou.
Jle
pJle41.'o4
;'hat
"as.
Ute1188
In
the ••
1.'.'1,tl.
t'leld
1fou14
be.
ve",
• • •
' .. '(1) . . . .
Oa'b01;10
DtolO
:t ••
l1 ••
ihe 111))118 ....
'1 . . . of
.~1la1'4'.Ia'b'Ottuetl . .
,
Oou1d
b. • •
,l(ten,d
this ,.tllod
teall
Ital48'
t,t
Dot,
.1'
no"noee he l"ea11n
the
OOll.l
q ...
ot 'he, ..
'~al1.a"io.
ot
t:he hYllQ'thot;1-..4eduot'tYe
"'bodT noe.
he
lmoW.U-'D
h1e
,.ot.'noe
ft,'_
in
w1th
_he
old., phll!oao:pllY
~0l-8Q4.4. ' a t l l t " f
'Is Df)ttheloalo
.t
'ke ..
1ea'1
in , n .
Goanla', wt'h Wha$ 18 'odq oall.
'waill
t:loDal
1,; , . ,
The
O'tt1hol'10
_ie10s1e, 11aa
,aQo1he ..
prrOblaq
in
tindi.
_'OM
to ana ...
'
the"
~u
•• ;'lon.
o~'11.'
tfha'
a118weJ'8
-,
w&u14 he
:r.eoe,.,.trom
the tea.har of
$0)'01&.-10
!>hl1oaophrf
Is the
lal'er
au.tttalettll,
dqua111wd
wtththe . . . .
4,
of
ex'ptlrlil,8n'al b1010?
lou14
heao'
t.~
the
mo.'
ParS
C~_
"hi. aethod
la
an
att,.pt ••
his
."._;1Gh . .
e.8
'0
be
(1)
a.
88,. • •
4,
Int;:roclu,
,Ion
11
"I"
'da1&
d,.ol.e
~
i:r
~n_t.l.,(:8alll'S'.
e"
:t11,a).
i~'.lr11J,;
ItJ.6;,
p.6).
c.
B.~dt
Int7Gduotlon
t1iQ ••(llel,a.graY.)
,P,a:rla,
1:137;
,.t
~t""
,':t, , ' . . ' ' , 1.;"." 'kif ~" . . '1' , U I \ ftr;£J~tn.d
in
~'htlo~,oJ)hy, hiiY~"'
'OWll'he
,fiJl<~ftte.r11 ..•
'1$on
1'1\0
•.
a'erl~11\0
h.u1~~.'(11n
i~tl'$rm.1nlnstbtt
I1trtu.:r~lof
thet::
k·ne ...
'1"· "'Q" a
r
~10ll
•.
~1"ttlJ1fllrlf!str1c'
the, 'e%m 'knowle4ge' to things
0'. ,,4' <iii. ·~'h··1'~~·~~ ~~~~~·a1· ,t~~ ·'~4~$-··,?t.1"~·. ",,~"'l<!.rlllW.t'!i ~'~4A ~"~l ~,."" ;t~,~ (". (&iWkC~;i$ g.'!'';;¥;;;' "'~Ji;. U
t
V Q'!.l'l';l! A K;iII ~ {,'j v1<it ~ ,ilJI~ ... ~11kno
adiM
of
Y~lryi,de
e, 's
of
u:nQeTta1'o_y.
tbi.
t. anA of
tho
OGa1lOli
am
1;Ui11olot speech
1!~11;0
lOll DO
oae.
1.
8nt1t184 '0
410'*1'.,
and
an
a.utllor
O~
081.1
.',a'e1ch
tl_ge
1\8has
hi.$~,[~lt 4)ho9~n'0
tnll .... If
tknow • •
e~ln.
'''0
be
oerttrtln
ot·,
the
"erm
18
of
11"1.
ll$e ",0
'bose lIbo
w'l.1Ib
'0
b8
un,iog-11.'10.
!
therefore
et(~rthd fto·Mer
~\eK~J1i1l{~;And
. , 01ll1U8
11111
~.oo1"
uAOrtrta1n
knowledge.
,
It will
ll;}tO$
n(foo.s~;~%1 IG~U.
'0
fo.+mulail.
a.
gener~d~tl.1
'Ion,
of
know'le.
()as-
p:rooedlue
will
De
10
SpfJ,:Gttr
a pa:rtlot4al'
oolle.tlon of
:Mor4or
1., ••
1I'1dely
i:::!~4 .~::,.ld
of
tl.
~~::It lrl~e
an
8xpifI'.~
"'01r'k
a
dltttc~'ty
whlC'ltv11,l
onl1
lrlOr$l-i~J ;;:~.$he
re!l~Q.aon.
Ttlt..
1M
If0
not
.irt:?ly
·Qec:"ulr.;~} !!d~11 '\~'Oll do~}.not
~1»~xte W.ll~,lt 1\-6means
by
1.:'ht1o
acl,b:~r, but
mo=ce
:pr~lcl $~17~:e.:g;~ IIfihe
it~~jl10.,1
tlyptt".
ft~tdB
a
1:;ueat1Ql1
UlJOtl
0:le1:\ 1fill
'~1,.n.d$\iC
V'0Jr1'mo;rnlJ1ng 4114
1:ruth
011\1,
t·~i,X" roaob11~Qonclu_l\J't\,$.·.
J;¥.'
.i7.~"1dI't
w111
n(l~bene<teeeatty for
Uti
"0'
for~iitJ;lia.tH' ,~5_r1 ... ,
d. •.
t1ni't1(,n
oi~'kao ...
IE'!:
••.• S1.1t
it
,~aze
lett· in
Qo!1f\lslat1
ttfbotli
1\"1t~' lL.ilr/.l@,d~lajh~\"'.
Gall . .
};eeltJu
a~boul$olttn:"t!lck:l:)'\tledie1
fh,3
&Yotclanoe
.1' ....
,1\
'\d~ma,Qsl l~$ue.lea
•••
lBa
J'~it~~l"in
*u'l')en~,.nd
If'
&11
k'~l." '~116ft
01
the
"J"
;hfJ
analy._
in
'hi.
Wtl:-k.
we
wou14
oonaide-fthis 1t)!18!'al1Q,ealis"
,philosophy ' ••
11,,:~ounded.IU:-
.8
l '
nanda,
h1e
OOtlll"1l1oD
1.
a
"1.'1118
ho,.'.
!'h.Y91oal
801.f
. . .
,,
he
f!4H,o'r1'bG8
1'\t8
41 .. 1 ••
'14.~.,n1al«t<otlc'.
aa
't!t(f<"
tlD • •
'na84
l '
1 • •
tl'J)$
of
kllowled"e
$088
tir(f!n~r,~111mr.:tt1onwould
&miND'
.0
1daal1<8& aad
ul,l.at_l,
to
d.1.aleo"loal
J.la:t$~·l&l!_1'\t.,~~. .~~ f,l:e~.~fA"l' ~ V~ff fI:t*w ~··~U~~ ft,.~iijj'f' ~ ~,,-.~
.,'
.1~1:"!1 Oil~'1 ... ~l. -9. -4.':. 4 ilt7Jt-~ £-
-~~4.1.· ~A:~~~4 .. ~ .~~ ~. ''\~.M .~.< q .. ~~3'~-.. u~ t:~~Ii'~il~'A ..t: •• ; VJJ.~,;'· .,·JKI ,,~!:."!,,~"£: _SI· ,.'thJJnat~
of},)
8lealsoi.,lloe.
we
eo in
QO.~il·8t.i
dlaapefrmeut
allout
the
,~·:tr101pl
••
h.
ahou14 lnvo
'0
~ran.'
hi.
pMral1aatlon.
on
"be .'11$1: hlxnd. "e
.~JlU·.t'
hlaall&lys18
'0
81 'u.a't$ -hi. type
of
kao1ll
in
Ota
tJ&.Mral...
~.
_aD.
40..
muohwt
'h
a\l4e.
.
rD~.~d••
aa.aly·sia
of
"he
e,e;r1llenitllutho4
1n
b1010gy.
t.),~'t.. ... a f t .... ' .;84 .... ' • . ' ·.'k ... · .. : .... 1 . _.... k .•.
_.'{;1t.'
\ ...
~.,~.. ,
f t ..;,.·~b41A .Alc ... \<tW ~.,. nA ~ ~.... • rl\t ...,A.
'~U'i"~·~.~' .:~sl • U .. . ~~ 'Uv f#~~."';' ~$. ll', 4·,.v~Vlij:l.f:.y ~lj U W:I~I'q._ Ii&.~ ~
1·11
Cr
U161 .• ,.but _
m&1j.llo.~lt8
so-
li1f~r\orloal
tao'..
The
tlf'd
1.
tbe
abtoJl'ptl.on
of
}:)h11.8'.
by
of
flatat!
'by ••
taph,..t •••
~~:e
u-.
no'
JI.re:17refe7~tq••
lif)
f
and
~h1s"hola.'1.tollow.s-a,
but
to
.~ller
aohol ..
_'l ••
It1Ol\a,s
Fo_oa.
Va .•
qUes.
Sua1*8:s.
whose.tltlcD.of chattoe,
.()y.ement,
and
tlMl0·;!\l~••
matle
phllo-.
"ophy
of Da'ure
aupe-rf1u.ous
~l.a d1.tltla~
mot_e.'
t()pl\110fJo!~ ()ti'li~'U!t~, aoool"'di~)
10
\flfi~1ah'l~fleJ:':j'>ilrl11l8ntal
80i.,IID(1 • •
u .
_'an, .:I'I8n&1.O'l1o,I
.~1:11lQ
••
phy
01
i1.!:ltl,lrtli
ll*or
aa
{<'f~' . A ' au"
o· , ..
~:,._.~" v _ . - . • . ' .'C ~::i . < : , ' , _ " . " , ' "
(2)
:ft.
noma.lI,,l4
P:rl-..
x.t~
}'byld.04'J1'Wl1
AI'111.,
L1b.
I,
~~'l
. .
l)~l~o'1dt!t.1Jtt
Y.(lxl~1~1lii,)!r(\~1'5
(~Ji!l;lim~~ !;l~'o~m.1UJ11so"
2
~,;
, t1$.1~ 11lqUttt1t~ abl~'tr _~ . • >-;" F~. ::'. ".'. *¥ _', .. ~ .'.~.,-.- lr~.' .':-.' . . . . _.;.
il:' '"A?lone.
" ! f . r . .if- ~~.undo oon(lld.~r(lt1on8J1 • . • ' . . • • . . • ".", : . . , ... ~~~. " -." _ .;; ~el
t
~ nl.~~u%tl~JIll»"
*:l,fl,1atl~.tI.uMllm
qU!l1>J.quaa"0110 r~;~
'il,
()n~.J.fit
V~~ ~~,l)¥,).ll
e{f~t
1.
Onettl i,-·;·t,d. ~lQ·rJ;jll!:l, ~e<11n.
" ll;ttrllll.
T,er'10
ot.1n31<le:t;;tt1crn{i;U
.fnolt
~i.pl'11ct.m(1OOfltlliahJMIOfk{l .•
1l:~ff\\l a$ fJjffJO18 •
aJ~ l~ii"ll W:~£, ~~t
J~JJ 1:1 ~!alrWltdlfi{~n~l1lSJ\do
(lUi
d .11
's'm'l . lmi oat,
~l\l.s:gt.ol.1.i~rl
••
i.~~i' oorutldi.r1~t\10.on'i . .
~t....
in
11~:.to&le
a'nitla.
Te~tla
.,1*0
Qonatdera'lo
oontl.8'u 1n
11.b2'1. quo.
, .. ,. . 4 ", . ~. 41;. /~ .~ .~ ... "'. ...
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ophy
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vl'tiloeol)hy
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11\
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80me
authora
ll~lV8maintained the
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of 'lhe
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t
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fit
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en
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n
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be
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