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La prise en charge des enfants dysphasiques : analyse et recherche des bénéfices d'un diagnostic précoce d'une prise en charge orthophonique intensive et d'un apprentissage de la lecture anticipé

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(1)La prise en charge des enfants dysphasiques : analyse et recherche des bénéfices d’un diagnostic précoce d’une prise en charge orthophonique intensive et d’un apprentissage de la lecture anticipé Hélène Andrieux. To cite this version: Hélène Andrieux. La prise en charge des enfants dysphasiques : analyse et recherche des bénéfices d’un diagnostic précoce d’une prise en charge orthophonique intensive et d’un apprentissage de la lecture anticipé. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2011. �dumas-01513822�. HAL Id: dumas-01513822 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01513822 Submitted on 25 Apr 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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