Suitable materials for mineral carbonation; composition and localization.

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Suitable Materials for Mineral Carbonation:

Composition and Localisation

Project: C0319

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Carbonate production by sequestration of industrial CO

22

: revalorization of mine and industrial waste

E. Cecchi,

INRS

-

ETE

; L

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C Pasquier,

INRS

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ETE

; J.F. Blais,

INRS

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ETE

; S. Kentish,

University of Melbourne

;

A. Ben Ghacham,

INRS

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ETE

; I. Mouedhen,

INRS

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ETE

; N. Kemache,

INRS

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ETE

; G. Mercier,

INRS

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ETE

Numerous possibilities Numerous possibilities

Mafic and Ultramafic rocks and minerals (rich in Mg, Fe and Ca): Mafic and Ultramafic rocks and minerals (rich in Mg, Fe and Ca):

-- Ophiolite, serpentinite, peridotite, kimberlite, basalt, olivine, wollastonite, Ophiolite, serpentinite, peridotite, kimberlite, basalt, olivine, wollastonite, brucite, etc.

brucite, etc.



 _{Some inconvenient: not always accessible, need of mining exploitation and}_{Some inconvenient: not always accessible, need of mining exploitation and}

treatment before mineral carbonation treatment before mineral carbonation

Industrial wastes and residue: Industrial wastes and residue:

-- Waste concrete and aggregates, cement kiln dust, demolition waste, steelmak-Waste concrete and aggregates, cement kiln dust, demolition waste, steelmak-ing slag, APC

ing slag, APC11 _{residue, fly ash, mine tailings and sterile}_{residue, fly ash, mine tailings and sterile}



 _{Advantage: no need of mining exploitation, often closer to CO}_{Advantage: no need of mining exploitation, often closer to CO}2 2 emitters, elim-emitters,

elim-i

innaattiioonn aanndd vvaalloorriizzaattiioon n ooff iinndduuststrriiaall//mmiinniinngg rreessiiduduee

Examples in Alberta Examples in Alberta

Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals::

-- Kimberlite pipe (see map)Kimberlite pipe (see map)

-- Mafick rocks (NE Alberta)Mafick rocks (NE Alberta)

-- Mafic sills and lava (Southern Alberta Mafic sills and lava (Southern Alberta Rockies)

Rockies)

Industrial wastes and residue Industrial wastes and residue::

-- Landfills (concrete, aggregates):Landfills (concrete, aggregates):

Calgary, Edmonton and region, Red Calgary, Edmonton and region, Red

Deer, Camrose, Grande Prairie, Deer, Camrose, Grande Prairie,

Leth-bridge, Medecine Hat, Fort McMurray, bridge, Medecine Hat, Fort McMurray,

etc. etc.

-- Steel Foundries:Steel Foundries:

Calgary, Edmonton, Stony Plain, etc. Calgary, Edmonton, Stony Plain, etc.

-- Steel Works, Blast furnaces, Coke Ov-Steel Works, Blast furnaces, Coke Ov-ens:

ens:

Spruce Grove, Fort Saskatchewan, Spruce Grove, Fort Saskatchewan,

Nisku, Acheson, Edmonton, Calgary, etc. Nisku, Acheson, Edmonton, Calgary, etc.

In Alberta context In Alberta context

In Alberta context

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_{Industrial wastes are more common and would be better materials for Mineral}_{Industrial wastes are more common and would be better materials for Mineral}_{Industrial wastes are more common and would be better materials for Mineral}

Carbonation Carbonation Carbonation A_thabasc a Oi l s_{ands and} A_thabasc a Oi l s_{ands and} A_thabasc a Oi l s_{ands and} ot her s. ot her s. ot her s. Some of the majo r sh ale gase s pros pec tiv e z on e Some of the majo r sh ale gase s pros pec tiv e z on e Some of the majo r sh ale gase s pros pec tiv e z on e

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Adequate Material: Choice and Type

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Mineral Carbonation Process: from nature to industry

A Natural Process A Natural Process CO

CO22 reacts with Mgreacts with Mg--/Ca/Ca-- rich rocks and minerals rich rocks and minerals  carbonates : stable, noncarbonates : stable, non--toxic toxic

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 _{Perfect form to sequester CO}_{Perfect form to sequester CO}22 permanently but permanently but Slow kinetics in natureSlow kinetics in nature

O C O O O Si Si CaSiO CaSiO33 Mg Mg22SiOSiO44 CaCO CaCO33 MgCO MgCO33

In an artificial process to accelerate In an artificial process to accelerate CO

CO22 bearing gas mixture or direct flue gas + mine/industrial waste + water bearing gas mixture or direct flue gas + mine/industrial waste + water  

Lower CO

Lower CO22 content in gas + production of pure carbonatescontent in gas + production of pure carbonates

Serpentinite tailings Waste concrete Waste concrete Water Reactor Reactor CO

CO22gas mixture gas mixture

Flue gas Flue gas or or 400 µm 400 µm Carbonates Carbonates Pilot Scale Bench Scale or or Cordilleran Orogeny Cordilleran Orogeny Interior Platform Interior Platform Hudson Platform Hudson Platform Canadian Shield Canadian Shield

References

-- Huijgen W.J.J. et Comans R.N.J. (2005a) Mineral CO2 sequestration by carbonation of industrial residues: Litera-Huijgen W.J.J. et Comans R.N.J. (2005a) Mineral CO2 sequestration by carbonation of industrial residues: Litera-ture review and selection of residue. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Petten, Netherlands

ture review and selection of residue. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Petten, Netherlands

-- Pan, S., Chang, E.E. et Chiang, P. (2012) CO2 Capture by accelerated carbonation of alkaline wastes: a review on Pan, S., Chang, E.E. et Chiang, P. (2012) CO2 Capture by accelerated carbonation of alkaline wastes: a review on its principles and applications. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12, 770

its principles and applications. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12, 770--791 791

-- EUB/AGS, ags.gov.ab.ca and energy.alberta.ca maps EUB/AGS, ags.gov.ab.ca and energy.alberta.ca maps -- http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/miningandminerals.html http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/miningandminerals.html -- http://sigeom.mrn.gouv.qc.ca/signet/classes/I1102_indexAccueil?l=f http://sigeom.mrn.gouv.qc.ca/signet/classes/I1102_indexAccueil?l=f Criteria Criteria

-- Inorganic and solid material for easier storageInorganic and solid material for easier storage

-- Alkaline for better reaction with COAlkaline for better reaction with CO22

-- High content in Mg and Ca and high sequestration capacity per mass unitHigh content in Mg and Ca and high sequestration capacity per mass unit

-- Mg and Ca in reactive forms of minerals, nonMg and Ca in reactive forms of minerals, non-_-carbonated carbonated

-- Sufficient amount in geographical zone of COSufficient amount in geographical zone of CO22 emitters, with accessibilityemitters, with accessibility

-- Carbonates and byCarbonates and by--products obtained can be valorizedproducts obtained can be valorized

-- NonNon--toxic bytoxic by--products and limited lixiviationproducts and limited lixiviation

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Conclusion

Various materials exist, either in nature or human made, Various materials exist, either in nature or human made,

that can be used in the mineral carbonation process. that can be used in the mineral carbonation process.

The choice of material will depend on: The choice of material will depend on:

-- Quantity of material; Quantity of material;

-- Reactivity and mineralogy; Reactivity and mineralogy;

-- Proximity and accessibility of the site of origin.Proximity and accessibility of the site of origin.

Advantages of the mineral carbonation process Advantages of the mineral carbonation process Advantages of the mineral carbonation process

-- Process can work with a wide range of materialsProcess can work with a wide range of materialsProcess can work with a wide range of materials

-- Can be adapted to various contextCan be adapted to various contextCan be adapted to various context

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Where to find them in Canada?

Canadian Shield and Cordilleran Orogeny: Canadian Shield and Cordilleran Orogeny:

-- Ultramafic rocks and Minerals (not mined)Ultramafic rocks and Minerals (not mined)

-- Exploitation of metals : Ni, Cr, PGMExploitation of metals : Ni, Cr, PGM22_{, etc.}_{, etc.}

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 _{Mine tailings, sterile}_{Mine tailings, sterile}

-- Exploitation of Industrial minerals : basalts ag-Exploitation of Industrial minerals : basalts ag-gregates, talc, etc.

gregates, talc, etc.

Dispersed : Dispersed :

-- Diamond mines in kimberlite : Diamond mines in kimberlite :

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 _{Tailings, Mineral process waste, etc.}_{Tailings, Mineral process waste, etc.}

Cities and municipalities: Cities and municipalities:

-- LandfillLandfill

-- Municipal Solid Waste IncineratorMunicipal Solid Waste Incinerator

Industrial parks: Industrial parks:

-- Industrial wastes and residueIndustrial wastes and residue

-- Steelmaking plantSteelmaking plant

-- Blast furnaceBlast furnace

-- Cement factoryCement factory

-- Mineral process wasteMineral process waste

Examples in Québec Examples in Québec

Rocks and Minerals: Rocks and Minerals:

-- Minerals showings : Wollastonite Minerals showings : Wollastonite (Saguenay)

(Saguenay)

-- Active mines (Fe, Cr, Ni, PGM)Active mines (Fe, Cr, Ni, PGM)

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 _{Ultramafic tailings}_{Ultramafic tailings}

-- Aggregates : basalts...Aggregates : basalts...

Industrial Wastes and Residue Industrial Wastes and Residue::

-- Landfills (concrete, aggregates) and Landfills (concrete, aggregates) and MSWI

MSWI33_{: Québec, Montréal,}_{: Québec, Montréal,}

Trois

Trois--Rivières, etc.Rivières, etc.

--Industries (Steel, Concrete, Lime...)Industries (Steel, Concrete, Lime...) Montréal, Joliette, Trois

Montréal, Joliette, Trois--Rivières, Rivières, Sept

Sept--îles, Contrecoeur, etc.îles, Contrecoeur, etc.

In Quebec context In Quebec context In Quebec context

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_{Industrial wastes as well as rocks and minerals could be used as materials for Mineral Carbonation}_{Industrial wastes as well as rocks and minerals could be used as materials for Mineral Carbonation}_{Industrial wastes as well as rocks and minerals could be used as materials for Mineral Carbonation}

1_{APC: Air Pollution Control ;}2_{PGM: Platinum Gold Metals ;}3_{MSWI: Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator}