Commande Prédictive de la Machine Synchrone à Aimant Permanent Utilisée dans un Système éolien

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(2) و ا ا‬ MINISTERE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE. 1 ‫

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(5) س‬ UNIVERSITE FERHAT ABBAS – SETIF. THESE Présentée à la FACULTE DE TECHNOLOGIE DEPARTEMENT D’ELECTROTECHNIQUE. Pour l’Obtention du Diplôme de. Doctorat en Sciences Option : Machines Electriques et leurs Commandes Par. BABES BADREDDINE. Thème Commande Prédictive de la Machine Synchrone à Aimant Permanent Utilisée dans un Système éolien Soutenue le 15/02/2018 devant la commission d’examen composée de Pr. Hammoud RADJEAI. Président. Université de Sétif. Pr. Lazhar RAHMANI. Directeur de thèse. Université de Sétif. HDr. Abdelmadjid CHAOUI. Co-directeur de thèse. Université de Sétif. Pr. Toufik REKIOUA. Examinateur. Université de Bejaia. Pr. Achour BETKA. Examinateur. Université de Biskra. Pr. Nasreddine BOUDJERDA. Examinateur. Université de Jijel.

(6) PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE USED IN A WIND SYSTEM. By. BABES BADREDDINE. A dissertation presented to FERHAT Abbas – Sétif 1 University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of science in the Program of Electrical Machinery and their Controls. University of Sétif 1, Algeria, 2018 © BABES Badreddine, 2018.

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(15) Table of Contents. Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. i Abstract ................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... xiii List of Abbreviation ......................................................................................................... xiv General Introduction ...................................................................................................... xvii Chapter 1 Literature Review of Power Converters and Control Techniques for Grid Integrated PMSG Based Wind Energy Systemsest .......... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Variable speed wind turbines based on PMSGs ................................. 2 1.2.1 Wind turbine ......................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) ............................ 5 1.3 Power electronic interface ................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Diode rectifier based topology.............................................................. 9 1.3.2 Two-level back-to-back PWM converter topology............................. 10 1.3.3 Z-source inverter based topology ....................................................... 11 1.3.4 Multi-level converter topology ........................................................... 12 1.3.5 Matrix converter topology .................................................................. 13 1.3.6 Nine-switch AC/AC converter topology ............................................ 14 1.4 Control strategies used in PMSG-based wind energy systems ......... 15 1.4.1 Pitch angle control .............................................................................. 16 1.4.2 Control of machine-side (MSC)/grid-side (GSC) converters ............ 16 1.5 Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ......................................... 21 1.5.1 Optimum relationship-based (ORB) control ...................................... 21 1.5.2 Tip-speed ratio (TSR) control ............................................................. 22 1.5.3 Optimal torque control (OTC) ............................................................ 23 1.5.4 Perturb & observe (P&O)/Hill-climb search (HCS)........................... 23 1.6 Sensorless control ............................................................................. 25 1.7 Grid interconnection requirements ................................................... 26 1.7.1 Output power smoothing and reactive power control ........................ 26 1.7.2 Fault-ride-through and grid-support capability .................................. 27 1.8 Technology trends and status of research ......................................... 28 1.9 Conclusions ....................................................................................... 31.

(16) vi. Table of Contents. Chapitre 2 Finite-Set Model Predictive Decoupled Active and Reactive Power Control for Grid Connected Wind Energy Systems ............................. 431 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 431 2.2 Overview of finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) ............. 433 2.2.1 FS-MPC applied to power converters................................................. 43 2.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of FS-MPC...................................... 434 2.2.3 Switching model of a power converter ............................................. 434 2.2.4 Prediction equations .......................................................................... 437 2.2.5 Cost function and optimization ......................................................... 437 2.2.6 Delay compensation .......................................................................... 438 2.2.7 FS-MPC stability ................................................................................ 50 2.2.8 Predictive control implementation ...................................................... 50 2.3 System configuration and modeling ................................................. 53 2.3.1 DC-DC boost converter model ........................................................... 54 2.3.2 OFF state ............................................................................................. 55 2.3.3 ON state .............................................................................................. 55 2.3.4 Three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) model .............................. 56 2.3.5 Grid model .......................................................................................... 60 2.4 Control system development............................................................. 62 2.4.1 FS-MPC of DC/DC boost converter with maximum power extraction............................................................................................. 62 2.4.2 Proposed MPPT control ...................................................................... 62 2.4.3 Design of the FS-MPC algorithm for DC/DC boost converter .......... 64 2.4.4 FS-MPC for direct power control of 3PH-VSI ................................... 65 2.4.5 Delay compensation ............................................................................ 68 2.5 Simulation results and discussion ..................................................... 69 2.5.1 Comparison with the traditional PI controller .................................... 71 2.6 Experimental results and discussion ................................................. 73 2.6.1 Test results under transient state ......................................................... 74 2.6.2 Test results under steady-state condition ............................................ 76 2.7 Conclusions ....................................................................................... 78 Chapitre 3 A Novel Predictive Controller Designs and High Efficiency Power Conditioning Topology for Maximum Power Extraction in Grid Connected Wind Energy Systems ........................................................................ 81 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 82 3.2 System topology structure................................................................. 83 3.3 Analyses of the switched inductor boost converter (SIBC).............. 84 3.3.1 Design details ...................................................................................... 89 3.4 Control system .................................................................................. 92 3.4.1 Improved MPPT control scheme ........................................................ 92 3.4.2 Principle of fixed frequency model predictive control ....................... 94 3.4.3 Proposed MPPT using fixed frequency MPC..................................... 97.

(17) Table of Contents. vii. 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6. Discretization ...................................................................................... 97 Grid connected system ...................................................................... 102 Traditional predictive current controller for the single-phase full bridge inverter ................................................................................... 102 3.4.7 Average grid voltage linear extrapolation ........................................ 105 3.4.8 Grid current estimation ..................................................................... 106 3.4.9 Improved predictive current control for single-phase grid inverter . 109 3.4.10 Influence of model mismatch on the system stability ...................... 111 3.4.11 DC-Link voltage compensator .......................................................... 113 3.5 Simulation results ............................................................................ 114 3.6 Experimental implementation and validation ................................. 118 3.6.1 Experimental setup ........................................................................... 118 3.7 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 125 Chapitre 4 Fuzzy MPPT and Fuzzy Model Based-Multivariable Predictive Controller Design for Fast and Efficient Speed Sensorless Maximum Power Extraction of Renewable Wind Generator ........................................................ 129 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 130 4.2 Configuration of proposed wind energy system ............................. 131 4.2.1 Generator and input rectifier characteristics ..................................... 132 4.3 Fuzzy-based MPPT Control ............................................................ 137 4.4 Design of constrained fuzzy multivariable model predictive controller (FMMPC) ....................................................................... 140 4.4.1 Fuzzy discrete time T-S model ......................................................... 140 4.4.2 Constraints model predictive control ................................................ 142 4.4.3 Model predictive control (MPC) ...................................................... 142 4.4.4 Constrained receding horizon predictive control (CRHPC) ............. 144 4.4.5 Robust model predictive control (MPC)........................................... 145 4.4.6 LMI form transformation .................................................................. 146 4.4.7 LMI conditions for MPC .................................................................. 146 4.5 Design of robust fuzzy model based-multivariable predictive controller (FMMPC) for DC/DC boost converter .......................... 147 4.5.1 T-S Fuzzy representation of the DC/DC boost converter................. 148 4.5.2 Constraints model predictive control of DC/DC boost converter .... 151 4.6 Current control of three-phase grid connected inverter .................. 152 4.7 Numerical simulation ...................................................................... 153 4.8 Experimental verification of control system ................................... 156 4.8.1 Experimental results ......................................................................... 158 4.9 Conclusions .............................................. Erreur ! Signet non défini. Chapitre 5 Generalized Approach for Predictive Control in HighPerformancelBack-to-Back Converters with PMSG Wind Energy Systems. 165 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 166.

(18) viii. Table of Contents. 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.6 5.6.1 5.7 5.8 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.8.3 5.9. Overview of full scale back-to-back converters with PMSG wind energy system ................................................................................. 168 Control strategy .............................................................................. 169 Formulation of generalized oredicitve control (GPC) .................... 169 Process model ................................................................................... 169 Transfer function model.................................................................... 169 State space model.............................................................................. 170 Cost function ..................................................................................... 170 Design of GPC for the machine-side converter .............................. 175 Stator current loop model for machine-side converter ..................... 175 Design of GPC for grid-side converter ........................................... 179 Robust GPC applied to grid-side current loop ................................ 179 UDE-based DC-link voltage control ............................................... 181 Performance evaluations with experimental data ........................... 184 Experimental results ......................................................................... 184 Transient analysis of machine-side converter control ...................... 184 Transient analysis of grid-side converter control ............................. 188 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 191.

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