حق الحل في ظل النظام النيابي البرلماني بين النظرية والتطبيق

êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æêÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ < <<<<<<< <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e IIII<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<<<<<<< < <<<<<<< <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ < <<<<<<<

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

< <<<<<<<

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

< <<<<<<<

ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺓ : ﺔﻴﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺍﻭﻋ 2014 ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﺭﻘﻤ ﺓ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﺤﺘﻤﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æêÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ êÛ×Ã{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<ovf{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]æ<êÖ^Ã{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<Üé×Ã{{{{{{{{{{jÖ]<ì…]‡æ qqqq {{{{{{{{{{{{{{ {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ {{{{{{{{{{{{{{ <íÃÚ^ <íÃÚ^<íÃÚ^ <íÃÚ^ <†–~{{{{{{{{{{Ö<t^v{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö] <†–~{{{{{{{{{{Ö<t^v{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö]<†–~{{{{{{{{{{Ö<t^v{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö] <†–~{{{{{{{{{{Ö<t^v{{{{{{{{{{{{{Ö] IIII <<<<<<<< <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e <íßi^{{{{{{{e ÒÒÒÒ {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ <íé× <íé×<íé× <íé× Ö]Ö]Ö]Ö] {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ Ö]<æ<ÑçÏv Ö]<æ<ÑçÏv Ö]<æ<ÑçÏv Ö]<æ<ÑçÏv {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ Ö]<Ýç×à Ö]<Ýç×ÃÖ]<Ýç×à Ö]<Ýç×à {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ <íé‰^éŠ ÎÎÎÎ {{{{{{{{{{{{{ {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ {{{{{{{{{{{{{ <ÜŠ <ÜŠ <ÜŠ <ÜŠ Ö]Ö]Ö]Ö] {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ ÑçÏv ÑçÏv ÑçÏv ÑçÏv < < < <<< < <

< <<<<<<<

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

{ée

{ée

{ée

{ée

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

ÐéfŞjÖ]<æ<í膿ßÖ]<à

< <<<<<<<

< <<<<<<<

ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ : ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻗﻭﺯﺭﻤ ð^–Â_ ð^–Â_ ð^–Â_ ð^–Â_ <<<< íŽÎ^ß¹]<íߢ íŽÎ^ß¹]<íߢ íŽÎ^ß¹]<íߢ íŽÎ^ß¹]<íߢ < <<<<<<< ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ : 2013 -2014 ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﻘﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ - ﺃ– ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺍﻭﻋ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﻱ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ - ﺃ– ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻔﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ - ﺃ– ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﻥﺒ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ - ﺃ– ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ لﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤ

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

<êÞ^¹Ö]<êe^éßÖ]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ø£]<Ðu

ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ﻋﺇ ــ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ : ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻗﻭﺯﺭﻤ ﻭ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻘﻠﻝﺍ ﺩ . ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ ﺔﻔﻠﺨ ﺃ. ﺩ . ﺔﻴﻗﺭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺍﻭﻋ ﺃ. ﺩ . ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ ﻱ ﺩ . ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺸ ﺏﺎﺤﺭ ﺩ . ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ ﻥﺒ ﺩ . لﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻤ

-ﲔﳝﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ

ﺎﳘﺮﻤﻋ ﰲ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ ،

.

-ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ

.

-ﻦﻋ ﺔﻌﻓﺍﺪﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﺳ ﲔﻋ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇ

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ

ﻦﻃﻮﻟﺍ

.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Ӎ]<íè]‚e

{{{{{{{{{{{

×Ö]<†

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

<ä

<

<î{Ö^Ãi

ÃÞ<î×Â

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

éÊçjÖ]<íÛ

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

<»<Ð

¨]

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

â<‡^

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

ÃÖ]<]„

{{{{{{{{{

ØÛ

H<

æ

e

¹^

íf‰^ß

<

ÔÖ„Ò

<

Ý‚Ïi_

<

舢]<†ÓŽÖ^e

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

<Ø

î{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{Öc

V<

ìƒ^j‰ù]

<

ì…çjÒ‚Ö]

<>V

íéÎ…<í膍]çÂ

<<

<>

<íÃe^jÚ<î×Â<íʆŽ¹]

å‡^¨]

<H

äq]†}cæ

<

<ì…ç’Ö]<å„â<î×Â

J

<<<<<<<<

<<<<<<<

<içËè<÷<^ÛÒ

á_

<

<†Ó]

ð^–Â_

<

íŽÎ^ß¹]<íߢ

<

ä^e<ØÒ

<

×Â

{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{

<î

Üã×–Ëi

<e

<<Hìð]†Ï

æ

<î×Â<íÏÊ]ç¹]<Üm<àÚ

<]„â<íŽÎ^ßÚ

ØÛÃÖ]

J

< <

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

<ÜÎ^<ØÒ<†Ó]<^ÛÒ

–

<

éè…]cæ<ì„i^‰_

{à

I<

<íÃÚ^œ<ÑçÏ£]<íé×Ò

<‚Û¦<<íÃÚ^œ<íé‰^éŠÖ]<Ýç×ÃÖ]æ<ÑçÏ£]<íé×Òæ<Híßi^e<†–¤<t^£]

ÄérŽjÖ]æ<ì‚Â^Š¹]<î×Â<ÑçÏ£]<ÜŠÎ<í‘^}æ<Hì†ÓŠe<†–é}

<J

< <

<

< <

l]†’j~¹]<íÛñ^Î

l]†’j~¹]<íÛñ^Î

l]†’j~¹]<íÛñ^Î

l]†’j~¹]<íÛñ^Î

-…<t …<t …<t …<t < <V <íé…<ì‚è†q . < < -<á<l< <á<l< <á<l< <á<l< <V †ŽÞ<è…^i<áæ . < <I á<< á<< á<< á<< < <V †ŽÞ<…]<áæ . < <I <½< <½< <½< <½< V< íÃf<áæ <I á<h á<h á<h á<h < <V †ŽÞ<‚×e<áæ . < < <I <½ <½<½ <½ <V <íÃfŞÖ] . - Edi : Edition.

- ENaL : Entreprise Nationale du Livre.

- Ibid : Ibidem:Idem

- LGDJ : Libraire General du Droit et de Jurisprudence.

- N° : Numéro.

- _{Op. Cit : Opiro - Citato} :_{Ouvrage Précité.}

- OPU : Office des Publications Universitaires.

- PSP : Presses de Sciences Po.

- PUF : _{Publications Universitaires Français.}

- RASJEP : Revue Algérienne des Sciences Juridiques

Economiques et Politiques.

- RDPSP : Revue du Droit Public de la Science Politique.

- RFDC : Revue Française du Droit Compare.

- RFSP : Revue Françaises des Sciences Public.

- S.ed : Sans Editeur.

- S.M.E : Sans Maison d’Edition.

- T : Tome.

- V : Volume.

íÚ‚ÏÚ

íÚ‚ÏÚ

íÚ‚ÏÚ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : أ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺎﻜ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﻬﺘﻀﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺵﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺕﺤﻀﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺒﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ – ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﻤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺎﻨﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺭﺤﻭ ﻡﻬﻗﻭﻘﺤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﻝﺯﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻨﻷ ﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺤﻠﺼﻤ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺘ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻁﺎﻤ . ﺫﺈﻓ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺍﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﺩﻬﺸ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺒﻭﺎﻨﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ،ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻴﺸ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻭﻗ ﺍﺩﻭﻌﺼ ﺩﻬﺸ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻓ ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺤ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﻲ . ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻪﻴﻴﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻙﻭﻠﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻻﻭ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﻤﻜﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺎﺤ ﺩﺒﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻜﻠﻓ ،ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﺹﺨﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﺩﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻘﺒﺇ لﺩﺒ ،ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻁﺎﻨﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻠﻝ ﻕﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺴﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﺘﺤ ﻱﺩﺅﻴﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻷ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻱﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺴﻠﻴﻔﻠﻝ " John Locke " ﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ، ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻥ ﺏ ﻥﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ " Civil Government ﺔﻴﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ " ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻓﺍﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ب ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﺘﻴ ﻭﻠﺜﻤﻤ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺴﻠﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻌﺒ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﻝ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ " Montesquieu " ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ "

L’esprit des lois

" ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ." ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻝ " Montesquieu " ،ﺎﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻯﺩﺼ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻓ لﻭﺤ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ لﻭﺤ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺄﺸﻨ ﺎﻓﻼﺨ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻯﺩﺎﻨﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻪﻝﻭﻝﺩﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺅﻴﺴ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺩﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺘ ﻰﻤﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ . ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﺼ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻤﺴﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺴﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﺒ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻜ ﻁﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ . ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺎﻨﻤﻬﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻥﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﻲ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ لﺒ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻩﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،ﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺒﺴ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻊﻤ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﻜ لﻌﺠﻴ ،ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻼﺼﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ج ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﻊﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻀ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﺒ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻤ . ﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻋﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﺍﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﺍ ﻲﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﺓﺭﻤﺜ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﺏﻫﺫﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ، ﺤ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺙﻴ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ 18 ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ لﻘﺘﻨﻴﻝ ، ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﻭﺩ . ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻪﻝ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﻔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺯﻜﺭﻭ ﻪﺴﺴﺃ ﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ،ﻪ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﻤ ﻊﻨﺎﻤ ﻊﻤﺎﺠ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ . لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺹﺤﻔﺘ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺼﻭﻴ ﻱﺃ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ : -ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ -ﻙﻠﻤ ،لﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺯﻭﺤﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺘﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ،ﺎﻬ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ . لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ لﻜ لﻌﺠﻴ ،ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻼﺼﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺒﺴ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻊﻤ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ،ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﺒ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ . ﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ، ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻼﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﻘﺤﺒ ﺭﻘﻴ ﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻨﻤ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺴ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻝﺍﺯﺇﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻨﻤ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ، ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺸﺘ ﺩﻗ -ﻭﺃ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : د ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ -،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ لﻴﻜﺸﺘﻝ ﻤ ﻥﻴﻘﺤ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻨﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺎﺴﺘ ﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻴﺴﻜﺎﻌﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥ ، ﻨﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻲ ﺓﺀﺎﺴﺇ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻥﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ -ﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ . ﺩﻌﻴ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ، ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺤﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﺃ ﺭﻁﺨﺃ ﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ لﻌﻝﻭ ، ﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﻜﻔﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﻴ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺢﻴﻭﻠﺘﻝ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ، ﻜﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺩﻋﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎ ، ﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﻌﻤ ﺽﻭﺨﻝ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺩﻭﻋ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺯﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﻼﻌﻓ ﻩﻭﺭﺴﺨ ﺎ ،ﺔﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﻨ ﻊﻓﺩﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻁ ﺕﺭﺎﺜ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻴ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻭ ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻜ ﺩﺠﻭ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺄﻜ . ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺒ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺭﺩﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻀﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻠﺠ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺨ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ لﻼ ، ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻐﺸﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺀﻁﺒ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ، ،ﺔﺌﺭﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﺠﻋﻭ لﻌﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴ ، ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ، لﻴﺠﺄﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﺎﻬﻝﺍﻭﺯ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻴ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ لﻤﺤﺘ لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻠﻜ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ، ، ﻭﻫ ،ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ، ﻤﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺭﺎ ﺔﻴﻝﺍﺭﺒﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺢﻨﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ :  ﻊﻤ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺭﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻐﺸﻝ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫ ﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻭﺃ ، ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﻭ . ﻭ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﻴﻜﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺌﺎﻨﻝﺎﻓ لﻜﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺏﺤﺴﻨﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﻜﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻨﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒﻭ ،لﻴﻜﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨ ﺎﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ، ﻨﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻕﻼﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻪ لﻼﺤﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒﺃ ﻭﻫ ، ﺽﻐﺒﺃ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏ ، ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺵﻴﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻭﻜﻭ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻌﺒﻁ . لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﺕﻤﻅﻨ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ لﺤ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻪﺘﺭﻭﻁﺨﻝ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﻪﺘﻁﺎﺤﺃ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫ ،ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺭﺨﻵ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺢﻨﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ ﻕﺤ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻠﻜ . ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻱﺃ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ، ﻡﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺤﺘﻝ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻔﻴﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻤﻋ ﺭﻴﺴ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻭ ،ﺏﻴﺭﻗ ﻑﺩﻬﻜ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺘﻨﺎﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻁﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻅ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،لﻜﻜ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻔﻤ : ﻑﻴﻜ ﺕﻁﺒﻀ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻜﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻜ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ، ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ؟

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : و لﺠﻷﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ، ﺘﻨﺴ ﺎﻤﺘﺤ ﺽﺭﻌ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺎﺒ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺼﺨﻠﻨ : ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤﻭ ، ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ؟ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ -ﺎﻤ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ﺤﺒ ﺔﺼﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ل ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ؟لﺤﻝﺍ -ﺎﻤ ؟ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀ ﻲﻫ -ﺎﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ؟ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ -ﺎﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ؟ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝﻭ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺔﻘﺜﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺒﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺴ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻭ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ، ﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻪ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻭ ، ﻩ ، ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﺃ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻊﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﻏ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺡﺭﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻝ ﻲﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻍﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻰﺘﺤ ،لﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭ ﺔﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﺴﻨﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ،ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ، ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻑﺼﻭﻝ ﻻﻭﺼﻭ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ لﻤﻬﻨ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺕﺍﺭﻐﺜ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ، ﻭ ﺍ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗ لﻭﻠﺤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﻭﺩ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ، ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ﺘﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﻐﺜﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻔﺘﻝ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ، ﻥﻼﻴﻤ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﺘ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻐﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔ ﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻨ ﺓﺭﻴﻁﺨ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﺃ ، ﻭ لﻴﻝﺩ ﺭﻴﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘ ﺫﻨﻤ . ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺩﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺩﺸ ﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ، ﺔﻝﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻁﺨ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ز ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﺔﻝﺎﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ، ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻓﺭﻭ ﻪﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻲﻝﻭﺘ ﺌﺭ ﺏﺼﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎ – ﺔﺤﺍﺭﺼ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻭﺩ -ﺩﻝ ﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﺭﻭﺘﺴ 1989 لﺤ ﺕﻭﺒﺜ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ، ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﻔﻘﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ : ﺃ ﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎ ﻍﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ، ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺃ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﺩﺎﻔﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺘﺍﺭﺘ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ؟ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻴﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻠ ﻲﺘ ، لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ لﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ . ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷ ﻲﺘﺄﻨﺴ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ، ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﻋﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ . ﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻔ ﻭ ﻕ ﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ لﺠﻷ ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻀ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ، ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻤﻋ ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ لﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﻭ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،لﻜﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻁﺭﻘﻤﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ . ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺒﺎﻘﻋ ﻋ ﺎﻁﻠﺴﻤ ﺎ ﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭ ﻠﻌﺠﻴﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺤﻭ ﺕﻗﻭ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻬﺘﻴ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﺤ ﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺓﺭﺍﺯ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺴ ﺴﺒ ﻡﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﺒ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻓ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﻲ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻴﺌﻀ ﺩﺩﻋ . ﻫ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﺩﺭﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﺒ ، ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ح ،لﻜﻜ ،ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﻤﻭ ﻭﺅ ل ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﻌﺒ لﺼﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ، ﺔﻘﻴﻀ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﺎﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻻﻭ ،ﻲﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﻀﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻤﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﺴﺩ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻌﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺔﻨﺼﺤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺎ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﻹﺎﺒ ، ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﺒﻨﺍﻭﺠ لﻜ ﻥ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﺴﺇ ، ﻭ ﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘ ﺎﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝ ، ﻙﻝﺫ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﻪﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ، ﻬﻨﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﻤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺎ ﻱﺩﺅﻴﻝ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻ ﻲﻝﺎﺜﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻁﺇ ، ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺏﻌﺸﻠﻝ ﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩ لﻜﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﻭﻘﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻬﺌﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ لﻜﻜ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻴﻭ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﻏ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻊﻀﺘ . ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻑﺩﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ، ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻼﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺴﻝ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻔﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺒﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻭﺭﻭﻭ ﻼﻴﺼﻔﺘ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﺩﺠﻨ ،ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻌﻴﺭﺴ ، ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ ، .

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ط ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻌﻀ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻭﻗ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ، ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﻤﺎﻤﺃ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﺎﺴﻤ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻜ ﺎﻬ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻭ ،ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﻜﻋ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻺﻝ ﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝ . ﻭ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻨﺘﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ ﻘﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠ ، ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭ ، ﻪﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺔﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻤﻷﺍ لﺤﺒ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ -ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺃﺭ ﺏﺴﺤ -ﻭ ، ﻰﺘﺤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻫﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﻲﻓ 1996 ﻭ ﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴ ، ﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻋﺩﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ، ﻭ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ، ﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ، لﻭﻁﺘ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﺓﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ . ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ، ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻨﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻊﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭ ، ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺎ ﻪﻨﻤ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻴﺍﻭﺯ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻜﺫﻨ ﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭ ﻑﻝﺅ " Paul Matter " ﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ـ : "

La Dissolution des Assemblées Parlementaires

" ﺔﻨﺴ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ 1898 ، ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻕﺤﻠﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻤ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ﻭﻬ ﻲﻜﻴﺠﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘ : " PH. Lauvaux " ﻲﻓ ﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻪ : "

La Dissolution des Assemblées Parlementaires

" ﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺞﻝﺎﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ، ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ، ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﻭ ،ﺎﻜﻴﺠﻠﺒﻭ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ، ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﺎﻤﺴﻘﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ .

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ي ﻩﻭﺫﺤ ﺍﺫﺤ ﺎﻤﻜ " André Cabanis " ﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ "

Michel Louis Martin

"

ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻔﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ

ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻬ

"

La Dissolution Parlementaires à la Française

" ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻘﺤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ، ﻻﻭﺼﻭ ﻭ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ 1958 ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ، ﻕﺭﻁﺘ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺏﺘﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﻘﺴﻹﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻨ ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻜﺫ " ﻡﻠﺴﻤ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﻝﺎﺨ " ﻭ " ﺯﺎﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺸﺒ "، ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﻕﺤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ -ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ -ﺎﺼﻝ ﻪﺒﺤ " ﺏﻴﺩ ﺭﻴﻫﺯ ﺩﺎﻬﺠ ﻥﻴﺯﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ " ، ﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻝ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻪﻨﻭﺭﻴ ﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻏ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺎ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺯﺭﺒﻴ ﻲﻓ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺍ ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻔﻜ لﻭﺩ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ، لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ، ﺏﺒﺴ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ ﺩ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻥﻭ ، ﻲﻓ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻻ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻪﺠﻭﺃﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ، ﻡﺜ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ، ﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺭﻘﺘﻓﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ، ﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻫ ﺨﻤﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘ ، ﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺃ ﺔ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻘﺤﻝﺍ لﻼ ؟ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ . ﻭ ﺫﻜ ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻙﻝ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ " ﻡﺠﻨ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺯﺍﻭﻔﻝ " ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﻨﺌﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻴﻭﻜ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺭﻷﺍ ، ﻻﺎﺤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺕﻌﻗﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴ ، ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ، ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﻻ ﻪﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﺘﻋﺍ ﻱ ، ﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻑﻝﺅﻤﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺱﺎﻨﺌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ " ﻱﻭﺍﺯﻨﻋ ﻥﺍﺩﻤﺤ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ " ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺼﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ . ﻭ ﻨﺴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺘ لﻭﺎﺤ ﺩﻘ ﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﻼﺨﺒ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻡ ، ﻥﻤ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺨﺘﻨ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ، ﻴ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺴﺎﻗ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ

ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ : ك ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﻡﺜ ، ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤ لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻊﻤ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﻨﻴ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﺫﺨﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻ ﻥﺎﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﻥﺍﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻐﻠﻴ ﻻ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻻ ،ﻲﺴﺎﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺨﺍ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘﻭ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺎﻬﻫﻭﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻨﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ، ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ 1996 ﻻ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺸ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝ . ﻭ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺭﻜﺫ ، ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒﻝ لﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﺒ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻠﻝ ، ﻊﻤ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻡﻴﻌﻁﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻅﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻴﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻴ ، ﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ، ﻭ ﺎﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﻭﺒﺘ ، ﻻﻭﺼﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺴﺠﺘ لﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﻓ ﻲ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﺎﻤﻬ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ، ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ، ﻭ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺍﺫﻜ ، لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﻝ ﺎﺼﺼﺨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔ ، ﻭ ،لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺴﻘﻨﺴ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻭ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻨﺴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺨ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﺼ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﻌﻨﻝ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ لﻴﺼﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﻭ ،لﺼﻓ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ،ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻡﺜ ،ﻕﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻪﺘﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ لﺴﻠﺴﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻡﺜ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ .

Ùæù]<h^fÖ]

Ùæù]<h^fÖ]

Ùæù]<h^fÖ]

Ùæù]<h^fÖ]

äÚ]‚~j‰]<»<ÌŠÃjÖ]<Ý‚Â<l^Þ^Û•æ<Ø£]<Ð{{u<í{éâ^Ú

äÚ]‚~j‰]<»<ÌŠÃjÖ]<Ý‚Â<l^Þ^Û•æ<Ø£]<Ð{{u<í{éâ^Ú

äÚ]‚~j‰]<»<ÌŠÃjÖ]<Ý‚Â<l^Þ^Û•æ<Ø£]<Ð{{u<í{éâ^Ú

äÚ]‚~j‰]<»<ÌŠÃjÖ]<Ý‚Â<l^Þ^Û•æ<Ø£]<Ð{{u<í{éâ^Ú

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻭ لﺤ 14

ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﺕﺩﺴﺠ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ، ﺄﺸﻨ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻨﻜ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒ ﺫﻫ ﺍ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ، ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺜﻤﻤ لﺎﻀﻨ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺘ ﻨﻜﻤ ﺕ ﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﻋ لﻼﻘﺘﺴ ﺓﻭﻁﺴ ﻥ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ لﻘﺘﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻓ ﺇ ﻲ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﺎﻁ ، ﺔﻤﻭﻋﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻏﻷﺎﺒ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺒ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ . ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﹰﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ، ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﺘﻗﺎﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻔﺘﻜﺍ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ،ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ لﻜﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﺴ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻜﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻪﺘﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺍﺩﺎﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻩﻭﺸﺘ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻪﱠﻨﺍ ﺢﺼﻷﺍﻭ ؛ﹰﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ، ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤ لﺎﻤﻋﻹ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺭﺭﺒﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭ ﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ، ﻯﺩﻝ ﻑﺼﻭﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻁﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ . ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻨ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺭﻤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻭﻔﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺀﻭﺠﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀ ﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ، ﻪﻠﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻴﺼﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ :

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻭ لﺤ 15

لﻭﻷﺍ لـﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴــﻫﺎﻤ

ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﺨ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺘﻪ ﻪﺌﺎﺸﻨﺇ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﻪﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ، ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻭ ، ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺭﻀ لﻭﺤ ﻲﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ لﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ . لﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺭﻌﻨﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ، ﺎﻨﻴﻁﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﺩﺎﻬﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻉﻭﻨ لﻜﻝ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﻔﺘ ﻊﻤ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﻡﺨﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ،ﻉﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜﻭ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪـﺘﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ لـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕـﺤ ﻥﻭـﻤﻀﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻅﻔﺤﻝ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﻨﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻭﻨﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻴﻅﻨﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇ ﻕﺤ ﻪﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤ ، ﻓ ﻕﺤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻭﻫ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ، ﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻤ ﺔﻴﻠ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ -ﺓﺩﺎﻋ -ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﺒ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ . ﻥﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻨ ﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ل ﻪﺘﺭﻭﺭﻀ لﻭﺤ لﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ، ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺭﻌﻨﻝ لﻼﺨ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻙﻝﺫ .

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻭ لﺤ 16 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لـﺤ ﻕﺤ ﻥﻭـﻤﻀﻤ ﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ، ﹰﻻﻭﺼﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻤﺎﺠ ﻪﱠﻨﺄﺒ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻝ ﻩﺍﺭﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﺭﻗﺃﻭ . ﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻕﺤ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺝﺭﻌﻨﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻕﺎﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﻰﻝﺇ ﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻪ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ، لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ " Julien La Frerriere " ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻫ لﺒ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ " ) 1 ( ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ، ﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ، ﻥﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻲﻔﻨﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ، ﻁﻘﻓ ﺎﻬﻫﻭﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ . لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺭـﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لـﺤ ﻕـﺤﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﻀ ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺠﺤﺃ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،لﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤﻝ ﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﺩﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﺫﺨﺘﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻴﻀﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﺓﺭﺌ ﻱﺃ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ ،ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻋﻹ ﺎﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ لﺎﺨﺩﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ﻥﻋ ﻼﻘﻨ : ،ﺩﻌﺴ ﻥﺍﻭﻁﻨﺃ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ لﺒﻗ ﻲﻨﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ – ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ – ﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻠﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻗﻭﻘ ﻁ ،ﻥ ﺏ ﺩ 1 ، 2008 ، ﺹ 217 .

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻭ لﺤ 17 ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،لﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻐﻠﻴ ﻑﺭﺼﺘ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻋﺭﺸ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻊﻘﺘ . لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺤﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻊﻤ لﺤﻝﺍ . ﹰﻻﻭﺃ -ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﻭـﻐﻠﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺤﻝ " لﺤ " ﻱﺃ ﻙﻓ ﻱﺃ ﻤ ﺀﺎﺨﺭﺇ ،ﹰﺍﺩﻭﺩﺸﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎ لﺎﻘﻴﻭ " ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﺤ " ﹰﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻼﻁﺒ ﻥﻠﻋﺃﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻬﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ) 1 ( ، ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ " ﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭ " ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻗ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺄﻜ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎ . ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻭﺃ لﺎﻁﺒﺇ ،ﺦﺴﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ لﺤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺏﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺠﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﺤﺘ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺱﻝﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺒﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﻀﻗ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻤ ) 2 ( ﺀﺎﻐﻝﻹﺍﻭ ، ﻭﺃ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ لﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ) 3 ( ؛ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻭﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﺌﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺈﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻬﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﺒ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﻜﻴ . لﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ " لﺤﻝﺍ La Ddissolution " ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ،لﻁﺒﺃ ﺼﻔﻨﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﻭ ﻡ ﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺤ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺦﺴﻓ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻪﻝﺎﻁﺒﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻪﺤﺭﻁ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺭﺜﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﻪﻗﻭﻘﺤ ﻑﺭﻁ لﻜ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ (4) . ) 1 ( ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﺔﻤﻌﻨ ﻥﺍﻭﻁﻨﺃ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻝﺍ ﻤ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻕﺭﺸ 2000 ﺹ ، 318 . ) 2 ( ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻲﻜﺒﻠﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻭﺭ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻠﺤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ، 1 ، 2002 ، ﺹ 753 ، 754 . ) 3 ( -ﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹ ،ﻪﺴ 269 . (4) ،ﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ لﻼﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸ ، ﺹ ،ﻥ ﺱ ﺩ 658 .

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻕﺤ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺴﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻤﻀﻭ لﺤ 18 ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺩﻘﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﺎﻨﻫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺎﺨﺴﻓ ﻻﺎﻁﺒﺇﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻘﻌﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﻻﺍ لﺒﻗ .

Dissolution : Action de mettre fin légalement. Dissolution du mariage, divorce. Prononcer la dissolution d’une assemblée =Dissoudre : Mettre légalement fin a

une association. Dissoudre un parti(1 ).

ﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻭﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﺈﻜ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺏ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﺯﻝﺍ ،ﻕﻼﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﺒﺎﻴﻨ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﻭﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﺜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺈﺒ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻀﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻝ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻜ . لﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺘ ﻪﺒﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺯﻭﻝﺍ ( ﺔﻴﻻﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺨﺘﻨﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺠﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻴﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻝﺍ (2) . ﹰﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ -ﻲﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﻥﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨﺴ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ " ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ لﺤ :" ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ " Josef Bennefon " ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ : ﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻨﻹ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻉﺍﺯﻨ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻏ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓﻭ ، ﻥﻭﺩ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻉﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ لﺤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﻻ ﺩﻭﺩﺴﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺏﻼﻘﻨﺎﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ (3) . ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻋﻭ " Hauriou " ﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺭ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﻪﻴﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﺒﻨﺎﺠ " Redslop " ﺩﺎﻀﻤ ﻡﻭﺠﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ (4) . ) 1 ( 307 P , ,s.m.e ,Paris ,1993 Le Robert Dictionnaire D’aujourd’hui

, Alain Rey (2) ،ﻥﺎﻔﻴﻌﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻗ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺸﺎﻨ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ 1 ، 2004 ، ﺹ 167 .

Joseph Bonnefon. Le régime Parlementaire sous la Restauration, Thèse pour le doctorat - (3) sciences politiques, Faculté de Droit de l' université de Paris,1905, pp 54, 55.

Pierre Albertini, Le Droit de dissolution et les Systèmes Constitutionnel Français, pu f , - (4) 1977 , p 15