تخطيط المسار الوظيفي دراسة حالة مؤسسة الإسمنت عين التوتة – باتنة مذكرة

ﻌﻤﺎﺠ

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ﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔ

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ﺭ

-ﻨﺘﺎﺒ

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ﺔ

ﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

ﻠ

ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭ

ﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ

ـ

ﻡﻭ

ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ

ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﺺﺼﲣ

:

ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ

ﺔـﺒﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩـﻋﺇ

:

ﻑﺍﺭـﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ

:

ﺱﺍﺭﻭـﺒ ﺓﺯـﺌﺎﻓ

ﺩ

.

ﻱﺭﺎـﻤﻌﻝ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ

ﺔـﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻨﺠﻝ

:

ﺏﻘﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﺩ . ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﻤﺯ ﺩﻭﻌﺴﻤ ﺴﻴﺌﺭ ـ ﺎ ﺩ . ﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﻝ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺩ . ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻲﺸﻴﺎﻋ لﺎﻤﻜ ﺩ . ﺍﻭﻀﻋ ﺓﺭﻜﺴﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﻫﺯﻤ ﻙﻴﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

ــا ـــ ـا

ــــ

:

2007

/

2008

ﻲـﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺎـﺴﳌﺍ ﻂـﻴﻄﲣ

ﺖﻨﲰﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

ﺔﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻋ

–

ﺔـﻨﺗﺎﺑ

ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﻌﻤﺎﺠ

ـ

ﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔ

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ﺭ

–

ﻨﺘﺎﺒ

ـ

ﺔ

–

ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ

ﻠﻋ ﻡﺴﻗ

ـ

ﻡﻭ

ﺭـﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ

ﻲـﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺎـﺴﳌﺍ ﻂـﻴﻄﲣ

ﺖﻨﲰﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

ﺔﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﻋ

–

ﺔـﻨﺗﺎﺑ

ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﰲ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻧ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﺺﺼﲣ

:

ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ

ﻋﺇ

ـ

ﺩﺍﺩ

ﺔـﺒﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ

:

ﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ

ـ

ﻑﺍﺭ

:

ﺱﺍﺭﻭـﺒ ﺓﺯـﺌﺎﻓ

ﺩ

.

ﻱﺭﺎـﻤﻌﻝ ﺩـﻤﺤﺃ

ــــــا ـــ ـا

:

2007

/

2008

ءاـــها

ﻟﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ

ـ

ﻟﺍﻭﻭ ﻱﺪ

ـ

ﺟﻭﺯ ﱃﺇ ،ﰐﺪ

ـ

ﻲ

ﺇ ﱃﺇ

ﻭ ﰐﻮﺧ

ﺃ

ﷲﺍ ﻢﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﰐﺍﻮﺧ

تاـــ

ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ

ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻡﺍﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﰐﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻊﻴﲨ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﲜ

ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

ﺪـﲪﺃ ﻱﺭﺎـﻤﻌﻟ

ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﲤﻹ ﱄ ﻪﺗﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇﻭ

،ﺥﻮﳋﻮﺑ ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ،ﻲﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ

،ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺳ ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﳏ ،ﻉﺍﺭﺫﻮﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻳﺩ ﺮﻀﳋ

ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﱄ ﺎﻫﻮﻣﺪﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟﺍﻭ

ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱐﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﱃﺇﻭ

ﺔﻳﻮﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﺃ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﱄﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﱃﺇ

ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ

ﺭﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﻀﳋ

ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﺸﳌﺍﻭ

ﻱﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﻤﳏ

ﺓﺪـﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﻇﻮﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﱃﺇﻭ

5

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ﺔـﻤﺩﻘﻤ

ﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ـ

لﻭﻷﺍ ل

:

ﻁﻹﺍ

ـ

ﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎ

ـ

ﻁ

.

ﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙ : لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ) ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ( 1 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ 2 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ 3 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ 1 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ 2 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ 1 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ 2 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺄﻜ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ . ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ 1 -ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ 2 ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ 1 -ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ 2 -ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ 1 -ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ 2 -ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ 3 -ﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ

ﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ـ

ﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ل

ـ

ﻲ

:

ﺴﻤﻝﺍ

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ﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎ

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ﻲ

.

لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ) ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﻪﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨ .( ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ 1 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ 2 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ 3 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

1 -ﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭ 2 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲـﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ . ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ 1 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ 2 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ 3 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ 1 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ 2 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﺨﺍﺩﻤ 1 -ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ 2 -ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ

لـﺼﻔﻝﺍ

ﺙـﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ

:

ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ

ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ

ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻹ

ﺔﻜﺭﺸ

ﺕﻨﻤﺴﻹﺍ

ﻌﺒ

ﻴ

ﻥ

ﺔﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ

–

ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ

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لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ . ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ 1 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ 2 -ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺦﻴﺭﺍﻭﺘ 3 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ 4 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ 5 -ﺕﻨﻤﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﺼﺃ 6 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺘﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺓ 1 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ 2 -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺘﻨﻤﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘ 1 -ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ 2 -ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ 3 -ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ 4 -ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙ : ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺏ لﻭﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ

ﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙ : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏ : ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤ ﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ

ﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ

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ﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔ

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ﺔ

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ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﺘ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘﻭ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺯﻌﻤﺒ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ . ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻀﺘﻗﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻀﺨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺽﺭﻐﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﻻ ﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﺼ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺅﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻭﻤ ﻡﻫﺄﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ ﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺄﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﻻ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺒﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻓﺩﻫ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻡﺩﻌﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻬﻜﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻠﻝ لﻀﻓﻷﺍﻭ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ لﻜﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﺕﻤﺴﺘﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺩﻗ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﺩﺨ لﻼﺨ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫﺎﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻴ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺤ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻰﻗﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻤﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁ ﻡﻬﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ؟ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻔ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﺠ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﻴﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﻗﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ،ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﻴﺌﺭﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻑﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ

ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ لﻜﻝ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ،ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ لﻤﺘﺤﻤ لﺤﻜ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻡﻫﺯﻴﻔﺤﺘ ﺽﺭﻐﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺈﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻌﻔﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﺘ ﺔﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺕﻨﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ -ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ .

ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ

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ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﺠﺘﻤ لﻤﻋ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ , ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ : 1 -؟ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻬﺘ لﻫ 2 -ﻤ ؟لﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻲﻫﺎ 3 -؟ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﻫ

ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻩﻼﻋﺃ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ : 1 -ﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤ-ﺘ ﻲ-ﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐ-ﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﺒ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ . 2 ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻝ .

ﻴﻤﻫﺃ

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ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔ

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ﺙ

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ﺍﺫﻝ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﻜ ﻡﻬﻴ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻪﺴﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻨ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺏﺫﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻸﻝ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻜﺘﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻋﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺒﻭﻫﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻜﺘﻭ : 1 -ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ لﺎﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ . 2 -ﺇ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻐﺸﻴ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺯﺍﺭﺒ . 3 ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ لﻜﻝ . 4 -ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ .

ﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺘﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ : 1 ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ . 2 ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ . 3 -ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ .

ﻬﻨﻤ

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ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞ

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ﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺕﺤﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻰﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻝﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤ ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺩﺼﻤ ﺀﺎﻔﻀﺇﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ . ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ ﺽﻭﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ لﻭﺼﻓ : ﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺵﻗﺎﻨﻴ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﻷ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺴﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺈﻜ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻴ

ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺹﺘﺨﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻭ ،ﻩﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﻴﺃ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﺨﺍﺩﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﺎﻀ ﺩﺭﻓ لﻜ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ . ﻥﻴﻌﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺘﻭﺘ -ﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ-ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﺘﻭ،ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺕﻨﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﺒ ﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎ .

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ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺍﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺍﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺎﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺭ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻘﻴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻔﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻜﻤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﻼﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺱﻤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺎ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻭ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻴ ﺍﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺍ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ لﻴﻝﺩ ﻭﻫ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ،ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻭﻌﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺈﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻸﻝ ﺩﺸﺭﻤﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺸﻭ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﻭ ﺍﺫﺇ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻜ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓﻭ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻪﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﺌﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺈﻜ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ .

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ﺎﻫﻭﻤﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ، ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻰﻌﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﻨﻤﺯ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺤ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ،لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤﻭ لﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺭﻴﺼ . ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻻ ﻁﻁﺨﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ) 1 ( ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﻨ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ، ﻴﻤﻫﺃ، ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻡﺜ ،ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻪﺘ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻡﺜ ،ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﺘﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ . لوا -ـ.ـ(/ا : '()*ا ه ) '()*ا فاهأو /هأ ،م,5" ( . 1 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘﻭ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ ) 2 ( ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻭﺍﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺭﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺎﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﺼﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻁ ﻭﻫ " ،ﺎﻬﻏﻭﻠﺒ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺭﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺭﺎﺸﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻴﻭ ." ) 3 ( ) 1 ( ﺢﺒﺍﺭ ﻩﺭﻗﻭﺒ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻲﻝﻭﺩ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴ ﺵﺎﺨﺭﺨ ،ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ 3 -4 / 05 / 2005 ﺹ ، 2 . ) 2 ( ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺌﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ،ﻲﺘﻭﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﻗ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 2006 ﺹ ، 168 . ) 3 ( ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﻲﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻊﻀﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻜ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻨ ﻱﻭﺎﻴﺤﻴ ،ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ 1993 ﺹ ، 17 .

ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻭ " ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺘﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻨﻴﻌﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺨﺸ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻴ ﻥ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﺒ ." ) 1 ( ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴﻓ " ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺒﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻏﻭﻠﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ." ) 2 ( ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ " ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻉﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ." ﺎﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ : ) 3 ( -ﺍ ﻥﻤ -ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝ-ﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺀﺎﻜﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ،لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ . ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻨﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﻨﻤﺯ لﻭﺩﺠﺒ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ . -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺩﺒﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ . 2 -ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : ﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ لﻘﺘ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﻜﻠﻓ ،ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻻﻭﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺒ ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ 173 . ) 2 ( ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ،ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺭﻤﻋ 2003 ﺹ ، 55 . ) 3 ( ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ 2002 ﺹ ، 172 .

ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴﻻ ﺔﻏﺭﻔﻤ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻸﻝ : ) 1 ( -ﻥﻴﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ : لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺅﺒﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺉﺭﺍﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻘـــﺤﻻ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻁﻴﻁﺨ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻻﻭﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻼﻓ ،ﺎﻨﻴﻘﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺴﻗ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻡﺜ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ . ) 2 ( -ﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ـ ﻫﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯ ـ ﺩ ﻑﺍ : ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻭ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﻭ ﻊﺌﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓ : ) 3 ( أ -ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ . ب -ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ . ج -ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ . د ﺏﻨﺠﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﺝﻼﻋﻭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺩﻬﺘﻝﺍ . -ﺸﺭﻝﺍ ـ ﺩ : ﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﺸﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺩﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ لﺩﺒﺘﺴﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﺒ ،لﺩﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺩﺒ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ لﺩﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺩﺒ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ . ) 4 ( ) 1 ( ﻨﺤ ﺭﺎﻔﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻔ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ،ﻑﺤﻗ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ 2003 -2004 ﺹ ، 173 . ) 2 ( ﺤﻗ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻑ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ، 2002 ﺹ ، 257 . ) 3 (

Alen chauvet, Méthodes des management, paris: les édition d organisation, 2000, p94.

) 4 ( ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﺹ ، 175 .

-ﻴﻬﺴﺘ ـ ﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ل ـ ﺔ : ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺴﻭﺅﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻻ ،ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻻ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺎﺸﺭﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻁﻁﺨﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺭﻴﻴﺎ . ) 1 ( 3 ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑ ﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻱﻷ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﻑﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺤﺭ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺭﺜﻌﺘﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺢﺠﻨﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﺠﺘﺭﺍ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ : ) 2 ( -ﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ-ﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻰﺘﺄﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﻭﺩ ﺓﺎﺨﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺹﺨﺸ لﻜ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ . ﺎﻔﻠﺴ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﻫ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻭﺤﻴﻭ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻼﻘﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ . ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﻭﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻀﻤﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻭ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ . -ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺸ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺩﺒ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻻ ﺭﻭﻤﺃ . ) 3 ( ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻲﺘﻭﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﻗ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 168 . ) 2 ( ﺱﻔﻨ ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 168 . ) 3 ( ،ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ،ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺔﻗﺎﻨﺸﻭﺒ 1991 -1992 ﺹ ، 31 .

8ﻥ:ا -.(/ا : ;ﺹ = >هأو '()*ا ./= تا,(ﺥ . ﻜ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺎﻓﺩﻫ ﺔﻁﺨ ل ﺏﻏﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﺒ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻘﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺜﻤ ﻁﻁ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ) 1 ( ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻙﺭﺩﻨ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ،ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻷﻭ ﺔﻁﺒﺍﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . 1 -ﻁﺨ ـ ﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﻭ ـ ﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔ ـ ﻁ : ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺹﺨﻠﺘﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ : ) 2 ( * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔ : ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻴﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻥ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ لﻘﻨﻴ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻓ ، ﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻴﺴﻭﺅﺭﻤﻝ ﺔﻗﺩ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻭﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻜﻴ . ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﻜﺘ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻀﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻬﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ لﻴﺼﻔﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﻁﻁﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ . ) 3 ( * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔ : ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﺒﻨﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ ) ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤ ( ،ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﺱﺃﺭ ) 1 (

Mohamed Sadeg, Management des entreprises publiques, les presses d algers, 1999, p93.

) 2 ( ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤ ﻕﻓﻭﻤ " ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ " ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺩﻤﺎﺤﻝﺍ ، 2001 ﺹ ، . 118 . ) 3 (

،ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻥﻭﺭﻫﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ . ) 1 ( * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔ : ﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻰ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻭﻫ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ . ) 2 ( * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔ : ﺨﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻓ ،ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﺎﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ لﻗﺄﺒ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﺩﺌﺎﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﺃﻭ . * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔ : ﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﺫﺇ لﻴﺩﺒ لﻀﻓﺃ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺩﻨﻋﻭ ،لﺠﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﻭ لﺠﻷﺍ لﻴﻭﻁ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﻩﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺒﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫ . ) 3 ( * ﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺔﺴﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔ : ﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺒﺎﺘﻤﻭ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨﻭ ﺔﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻱﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻤ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺃ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘ ﺓﺭﻁﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ . ) 4 ( ) 1 ( ،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ،لﺴﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ،ﻡﺸﺎﻫ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻜﺯ 2001 ﺹ ، 164 . ) 2 ( ﻴﺯ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻓ -ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ 323 . ) 3 ( ﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ،ﻑﺤﻗ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﺔﻴ 2002 ﺹ ، 297 . ) 4 ( ﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ،ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻁﻓ ﻉﺯﻋﺯ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻴ ،ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ 2004 ﺹ ، 75 .

2 -ﺼﺎﻨﻋ ـ ﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭ ـ ﻁ : ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺤ ﺎﻬﺒﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺯﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ لﻗﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺕﺍﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﺒﻓ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘ : ) 1 ( ﺃ -ﻫﻷﺍ ـ ﻑﺍﺩ : ﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻭ ،ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻏﻭﻠﺒﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ : * ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ : ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ لﺫﺒﻝ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻺﻝ ﺯﻓﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺽﺍﺭﺘﻓﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ . * ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻠﻝ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ : ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺩﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ . * ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ : ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻸﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﺠﻼﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ . ) 2 ( ﺏ -ﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻴﺠﻴ ـ ﺔ : ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻭ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻼﻤﺎﺸ ﺀﺎﻓﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺩ . ) 1 ( ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﻭﺩﺠ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﻁﻭﻠﺒ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻥﺴﺤ 2002 ﺹ ، 104 . ) 2 ( ص ،  ،راد!ا "#$%&ا ،يو)*&ا +#, 198 .

لﺜﻤ ﻥﻷ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺸﺭﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴﻭ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺸ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻠﻝ ﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔ . ) 1 ( ﺝ -ﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ـ ﺕﺎ : ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﺒ ﻊﻀﻭﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﺘﻝ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻔﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻴ ﻡﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﻁﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ،لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﻭﺘﺴﺩ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻻﻭﺼﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ . ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ : ) 2 ( -ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ . -ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ . ﺎﻬﺒ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻭ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﺒﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻜﻤ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﺯﺘﻠﻴ . ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﻝﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻜﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﻓﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘﻭ . ﺩ -ﺠﻹﺍ ـ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭ : ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ،ﺓﻭﻁﺨ لﻜﻝ ﻡﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺒﻁﻨﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ) 1 (

ص ،.&ا $&ا ،يو)*&ا +#, 215

.

) 2 (

ﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﺘﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ . ﻲﻫ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﻜﻝﻭ : ) 1 ( -ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ . -ﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔ-ﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩ-ﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴ-ﻴ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ-ﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠ-ﻴ ﻥﻜﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ . ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺈﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ . ـﻫ -ﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ـ ﺞ : ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻤ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺩﻌﺘ ،ﺔﺘﻗﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻲﻫ ﻬﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺸﺤ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻜ ﻑﺩ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻋﺇ ﺔﻠﻤﺤﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻰﻨﺒﻤ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻌﻠﺴ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻵﺍ : ) 2 ( -ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺴﺘ ﻻ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ . -ﻪﻴﻓ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ . ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻡﻠﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ . ﻭ -ﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ـ ﺩ : ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺤﻝ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘﻭ ﺢﻀﺍﻭﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻁﺘ ﻻ ﻭﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺠ . ) 3 ( ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ 221 . ) 2 ( /01 ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 222 . ) 3 ( ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺭﻤﻋ ، ﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ،ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩ 226 .

ﺎﻤﻜ لﻔﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻬﺠﺘﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﺘﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ : ﻞـﻜﺷ ) 01 :( ﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺝﺭﺪﺘﻟ ﻢﻠﺳ ﻂﻴﻄﺨ ﺼﻤﻝﺍ ـ ﺭﺩ : ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺹ . 227 . .(/ا ـ :ا -ـ @ : '()*ا تA,و ت,B . ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،لﺸﻔﻴ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﺠﻨﻴ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻀﻌﺒ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻑﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺎﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﺸﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻠﻝ ) ﺭﻴﺩﻤ ( ﺠﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤ ) ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ( ﻼﺼﺃ ﺏﺩﺘﻨﻤ لﻤﻋ ﻕﻴﺭﻓ ﺎﻤﺒﺭ ﻭﺃ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺠﺒ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻭ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ لﺸﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺌﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ لﺸﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ . ) 1 ( 1 -ﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ـ ﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ـ ﻁ : ﻰﻝﻭﺘﻴ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻻﻭﺌﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻓ ،ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ص ،.&ا $&ا ،ط3# 4"هاإ 7.8 107 .