البيئة الافتراضية والتعليم

Texte intégral

(1)2012 J07 J29 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(2) אא‬. 235 .

(3) ‫א אא א‬ . . !"# $L L.

(4) ‫ אאאא‬ *$+

(5) &'$'$()! "‫א‬#$%‫א‬ . ,-%‫א‬. 34 5‫אא‬56758 59:5 ;‫א‬5 .<*$=!

(6) . ‫א‬/ ‫א‬01 2 GH ;‫א‬I JK*3>*LM‫א‬1NFABA ‫א‬CDE K3>‫א ?א‬ K:'$5555/<:55 O'55GP'55 ‫א‬55 ‫א&א‬$55HC55J55QR5555>‫א‬ K< %‫ א‬DA !5 ‫א‬05 S‫א‬H 5>/<K -=*LT .6E != %‫אא‬UVW X '‫א‬#<Y‫א‬7< '‫א‬K ‫א‬B‫א‬U ZK0 S‫אא‬- ‫א‬U‫א‬#' KFABA]‫אא‬- ‫^א‬N ‫א‬K0 S‫א‬P Q* J _W`' [،' c_55‫!א‬55=‫א‬BQ ‫! א‬55AB]‫א‬P'55 ‫א‬55 ‫א‬55Cb$5 CaX‫א‬355W 55 ‫א‬ K Q*

(7) '$/ ! ‫א‬d e‫ 'א‬. ‫א‬I ' R_5*`5C5f[aKg' ‫ <א‬%‫א‬hiV‫א‬U %‫_אא‬6j K=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫!א‬6 Résumé Le développement technologique a trouver la nécessité de développer la société , l’Internet a fait un grand changement dans tous les domaines puisque les politiques d’éducation et l’information ont connu une modernisation et la même chose pour ce qui concerne les systèmes d’ information. La pratique de l ordinateur savait plusieurs formes comme son utilisation a l’éducation passant par l’internent dans cet domaine , et finalement il apparu le concept – l’éducation virtuelle- qui se base sur la technique afin de présenter aux étudiant la matière éducative d’une façon efficace . Alors, cet article traite la relation entre l’éducation et le monde virtuel. ‫

(8) ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬.

(9) 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(10) אא‬. 236. !%! 75Q05m‫[א‬5n 5‫א‬5‫אא‬5 o$5Ql5 'k5 b%‫א א‬EN d7 iNE 7p.P$D.‫א‬q4،X Q$X X 7 i H‫א‬$55= e‫א‬55‫א‬r551I55755<iP55،55 D .%‫א‬55‫א‬755ms$b< ‫א‬H +uvBt< Kn ‫א‬K7 7 $P،[ ‫[א‬m t ^N!‫א‬rS‫א‬K D A ‫[ א‬wx ‫א א‬ys$b ‫א‬k b%‫א‬ K.%‫א‬H +u%‫א" א^א‬ 5 .<K‫א‬z 5‫א‬5< %‫ א‬t5 A‫

(11) !א‬5. ‫א‬5/ ‫א‬05i R5|5G5i '{51!=‫א‬BQ ‫{א א‬UVWP ‫א‬0 KR_> .%‫א‬f>‫א‬H‫א}א‬3Q Wk$/'ic_‫א‬U~ + ‫א‬ ‫א=؟‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫א=!_אא‬BQ ‫! א‬AB ‫ א‬w%‫ א‬ 56 5،‫؟‬5=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬5f>‫א‬P = ‫א‬H‫א‬/WH ‫א‬6 !6 K‫؟‬$‫א א‬H +u9R|GA N:i W&'(‫* )א

(12) א‬51 5%‫א‬U w'NK ‫א‬0 P 6!AB ‫א א‬EN 7< >55J055 1P5555O'S‫א‬U w55< ‫א‬H 55‫א‬- 55‫א‬755Q 55' 55 H 5> ،{5H 5 H 5*52H52P5*5 %‫א‬7/ [w55b‫א‬K 55P55E 55‫א‬55F55ABA]‫א‬H 55‫א‬R_5555ABN 55 55%‫א‬U w55'NK 55C‫א‬A :55 55. ‫אא‬- 55‫א‬c ‫!؛‬55‫אא‬ E1FK* Q) C

(13) [i Fi$wi` 5 ‫א‬5'$- +<Fx>2 'B‫א‬H +u%‫א‬P‫א‬3OE {1 K ‫_א‬6P*_>A$_AE .rQ‫_א‬g' ‫א‬KP !A +‫א‬-r ‫א‬$DAc ‫א א‬PV'P ‫'`<!א‬ Q 5=N 6 KV/‫א‬P[ ‫א אא‬PH "‫א‬# K *3O A 1 'B‫ א‬+u%‫ א‬%‫א‬hQ +%‫^א‬N. ‫


(15) 237. 2012 J07 J29 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(16) אא‬. ‫א‬$Q}‫|א‬1u<b+QI'c36 <6 P Q :55 "k55 b55<755A I55.9551 %‫א‬55 ‫א‬o$55b‫^א‬NU552‫א‬K hA d +I$w ' h %‫ א‬PfQFi ' ،H fb‫א‬ $'/<C< 1 ‫א‬$Q : ;‫ א‬H

(17) 1>0 . 'CQ ‫א‬P KC.C 5' ‫א‬5 ‫א‬5DA5P55 ‫ א‬5DAh5$5b‫א‬56 [ t< W!<‫א‬ V ‫א‬+u%‫^א‬N0 /‫ [א‬.'' ‫א א‬DAK5 k b%‫ א א‬DAKR ' ‫ ؛‬D .*$J >*wH‫א‬$= e‫^א‬N K$D‫ א‬C=$b<=1Kn N 5>:/ +5'{51‫؛‬5A$$5O 75A`5P ‫ א‬DA+ '5 n 55‫א‬I55755<i0+551[55&‫)א‬55‫ א‬55 W‫א‬551 b%‫א‬55$‫א‬55 "‫א‬ *Bb 5[w5 <>+5v$5J5' EP57 7< 1$a7< 6‫א‬ !5CQ5' ‫א‬5 ‫א‬5DA 5 K& 5A)‫א‬P5 5C AV 5Ck +5%‫א‬.#‫א‬ *B5QK 5C. 5C A ‫!א‬54>.'*#6 5

(18) &‫)א‬55>/‫א‬#5<،r5S‫א‬vBt< {551P5555>/‫א‬h55P' 55> ‫!א‬55‫א‬$< 55CA R55^N55= ‫*؛‬5555.z K‫א‬7‫א‬$n ‫ א‬P7- +< QH 6 ‫א‬H‫אא‬ o$b‫[א‬.*' a< CA`،Pn ‫א‬DAz J( $5J >%‫ א‬5 ‫א‬o$5Q3Q5<^NQ 5=N، %‫

(19) א‬E ^N ‫א‬ H‫א‬$u55%‫א‬55AB]‫א‬55L e‫א‬55 "‫א‬55'$b‫א‬H‫ א‬55‫א‬K[55O %‫א‬ $5J >%‫[א‬5 b *55' ‫א‬n ‫א‬DA[ %‫א‬KKAB]‫א‬ KO'S‫א‬H . e‫אא‬- ‫א‬ $'/< KX CX‫א‬P ‫א‬DA NK "‫א‬0<5 P5 5C< ' m CQ‫א‬6 :+.<*w 6‫א‬N '{1، ‫אא‬%‫א‬ C+55bA+55<،755Q$a755< 55%‫א‬, w55W:55+55.< 55 ،55C

(20) 5' ‫א‬5n ‫א‬5DAE 5[5 %‫א‬K Kd$5W 5C

(21) P<‫אא_א‬ [5‫א‬P5$5D.‫א‬q54 >/C

(22) %‫אא א 'א‬%‫א‬I.> < K!<‫א_א‬n ‫א‬I7.' 0 /$Q< C.P' > ‫א‬ ‫


(24) 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(25) אא‬. 238. cz‫א‬5'7A P ‫ א‬DAIF'$

(26) Y‫א‬Mx>‫ א‬F >L _56- +5< 5.Rc ‫ א א‬DA b‫א‬3L` ‫א‬Kb' E2F K* bH . ‫א‬D.‫א‬ E3FW ‫* )א אא‬5 2 5 i‫אא‬f>‫( א‬l’Environnement Virtuel ) =‫א‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫א‬ f!CQK x!

(27) . ‫! א‬/.‫!א א‬6q>‫ א‬C +' 5C[5 b ‫ א‬P5- +5%‫א‬P5{5 S‫א‬UVWP C

(28) AN ' $w55>‫א‬Y5 1UV5WP55f>‫_א‬5675' G 5,xb 5R5E 5‫א‬5 !CQK$'/<['<H CQ3L` ‫ א‬t% : +‫א‬ UVWP C . 6w< ' W i‫א‬f> (Simulation) * *w‫א‬Hw‫אא‬- O'S‫

(29) א‬. ‫ א‬6$Q< Y‫א‬H A ]‫א‬ 7W< C[ b 'Pt<< 1i‫ (א‬A] H $‫א} א‬LVL P=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫א‬t' P& .'c_‫ [א‬b ‫ א‬H

(30) H b <. C% K 3L`5 ‫א‬P5R5.8[5 b<^Nf>‫_א‬67' G R1 [`<$Z R555iV 5A$ 5 ['55 ‫ א‬34 5 ‫א‬5H 55' e‫_א‬56I5 .!=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬: ;‫א‬K[O 'c_‫א‬:}‫[א‬t W./‫א‬,-! ‫א אא‬53 F5i‫א‬g5bAKP5،*5'‫א‬Q7: ;‫א‬K .‫א‬v‫א‬$‫א‬EN ،+b.‫א‬1 .‫א‬$'E P8 C/= QK|‫א‬0>+<X‫ א‬T .6EQ 55|55‫ א‬55 +551N755.& 55.'E P5584r55 +551]‫א‬ E R5P5& 5.'5i،[5W75A`,-t‫א‬J^Ncu' ‫א‬$ ‫א‬ KU‫א‬#A ‫א‬F w‫א‬3O,-t‫א‬l>w' K#5 ‫א‬P5o -J}‫א‬qMx 'E E 1}‫א‬qKMi [5!5 ‫א‬: ;‫א‬K J}‫_א‬6[OM1،P'‫א‬g."‫א‬E‫א‬ P55755A}،55‫אא‬055 /‫א‬TB55'55i +55>k 55<$355m|55i55 %‫א‬ KE4FH ;‫א‬R<:$Q7' $0 /‫א‬#'E }‫א‬Iw‫א‬ H 5Z)‫א‬fAI <.<$DAC

(31) P+b.‫ [א‬+%‫א‬EN H 5Z)‫א‬R5< 5k 5<$75A`,-t‫א‬g1 ‫א‬Q،- +%‫א‬H ‫א‬ ‫


(33) 239. 2012 J07 J29 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(34) אא‬. cu‫א‬R<KX +bAPk <$7A ?'‫_א‬CQ K‫א‬w‫א‬$CD‫ א‬c$w>‫ א‬C

(35) ] +bA[ t^N $Lu<iY‫א‬+b.‫ [א‬+% Q$'‫א‬IE'E 0 }‫א‬ 07 .،!AB]‫א‬: ;‫א‬K ‫[א א‬tQ k I K Q}‫א‬k$K2 W‫א‬Qz ;‫א‬IV/‫א‬:t< 5.A`5>'،!5AB]‫א‬:5 ;‫)א‬g 1}‫א‬K3b ‫א‬. $ t5%‫א‬g 1}‫א‬E PuA .AQR:،hri . hfJPMx A 55‫[א‬W55<R_55[W‫א‬55%‫א‬P5555)55!55AB]‫א‬:55 ;‫[א‬W55< E +55A]‫_אא‬556E +55A]‫א‬755 !55AB]‫א‬:55 ;‫א‬E 559K55AB]‫א‬ . ‫א‬i /‫!א‬6g 1}‫_א‬CQX‫א‬N$ t%‫א‬g 1}‫א‬P Z g5 1` 5}‫ א‬5C'E !5AB]‫א‬5 ‫א‬K5C%‫א‬P7$GY‫א‬ K>/‫א‬$ t ‫א‬5 ‫א‬H 5M5G!

(36) ‫ [א‬b<c K7A D1V0 h5U w5< ‫|א‬5'$P5MG*3O[ tT .CQ،U w< ‫'|א‬$P 2w‫א‬EN،$ b<*3>‫א‬Q7U w< QR:، .‫א‬ *555'$555)55:555 ;‫א‬K$55CD<!5556،:55 Zc K*3>555r55i !5AB]‫א‬5')‫ א‬c ‫)א)'א‬U w< ‫א‬،!b< ‫א‬U w+. E R5U5"‫ ¡א‬5.5‫א‬1 +l bQVW}‫א‬PV‫ א‬ R_5،5AB]‫אא‬FABA]‫אא‬- ‫א‬:H$Car‫_א‬6 ‫_א‬55655/<55L،E-mail!55AB]‫א‬55')‫אא‬- 55‫א‬55.*3O55,w55i Kb -%‫א‬V]‫ [א‬K¢i .'l>2`Q=%‫א‬ w55‫א‬- 5‫א‬50>+5R_55iVW}‫ [א‬t5%‫א‬H$5Ca5 H 1 +،H >t‫א‬KBt%‫א‬H /‫[א‬OBt%‫א א‬. ‫א‬ ‫_א‬556I55 55.H >t55‫א‬K551 b%‫[א‬55 ‫א‬H 55/،P'#55- ‫א‬o‫א‬$55i K 555 6‫ א‬555:555='E 0555555iVW}‫ ' א‬r555‫א‬E`555U555‫א‬P 555Q KAB]‫א‬H w< ‫א‬ 3bt55 Q،x +55!55CQ55AB]‫א‬H w55< ‫א‬K2w55‫ א‬55 H w5< ‫א‬E Rm،2w‫א‬K7L%‫א‬I.%‫א‬6[ $‫א‬ ‫


(39) 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(40) אא‬. 240. o -J /‫ א‬$<2 W!8 }‫א‬e‫א‬K- +%‫א‬AB]‫א‬ 5iX 5Q5‫א‬5 iK5

(41) 3m,-t‫א‬E'E [ P'$W K2w‫א‬R<0>+VWRP& .' h N|Q '!=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬: ;‫א‬K ‫א‬E`U‫א‬P8X‫א‬3W +5b.‫א‬0A‫א"א‬H iVW}‫א‬2w Q. ‫<א‬7 Go W K=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬H ;‫א‬K [‫א א [א‬ ،5AB]‫א‬7 w-Jt. l +<E5F=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬f> QX‫א‬N ،5=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬H 5f>‫א‬K5 5 V$5O 6h‫א‬/A]‫א‬o -J}‫א‬ Fi‫א‬P:+ ‫_א‬W`'E`h‫א‬/A]‫א‬o -J£>+. :t!J!CQ o -55J£>+55. 55 ،755$55‫[א‬55>ik$55/%‫א‬55=%‫א‬U5513b 55 g55755.0552l>w55'C 55fK[55 b Qh 55

(42) ‫ א‬hx 55b.%‫א‬ 55 W QR_55،P'$55W‫א‬h55655

(43) E55'C55 b<E}،[x +55% ‫א}א‬I5*5‫א‬C5/'‫_א‬5651‫א‬5

(44) K5 ‫א‬56[r5Q}‫א א‬ 6z 5Qh‫א‬5/A ‫ א‬5 ،[r5Q}‫ &א‬5 .‫א‬I5UwS‫א‬LP[rQ}‫א‬ E5 5CQ‫_א‬55=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬H 5f>‫ א‬5 ‫אא‬5

(45) }‫א‬K[r5Q E' h 5

(46) ‫א‬o -J}‫א‬g=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬H f>‫^א‬N rA ‫א‬K2 K>W w‫א

(47) א‬H f>‫א‬KX E>m$'P'_‫א‬ W6C%‫א‬U‫א‬u+‫א‬ E 3mP 'QH Z .H ;‫א‬E [6 ‫؟‬7

(48) X C

(49) H ;‫< [א‬ E N، ‫!א‬1‫א‬.‫א‬qK7

(50) X C

(51) ‫ א‬6 Pm$‫א‬I 75A}،*$ +5%‫א‬5'b‫א‬H 5 ;‫א‬P'5<354 5V35m 5 ‫_אא‬56 g ZUVWPRKU w< ‫א‬P.‫_אא‬6E0'< NE ] 6 5Q`‫א‬5'h t5%‫!א‬5 '{51 563m‫א‬5S‫א‬$5m¡ .‫א‬ 0 5 ،|5‫אא‬،V5W}‫א‬،‫א‬56}‫א‬P5C< <C< 1BC‫א‬ !t‫_אא‬67

(52) X C

(53) [ <Y‫א‬H ;‫א‬K¤ >%‫!א‬6_6،U w< ‫א‬ KAB]‫א‬H ;‫א‬KM E6F W ‫אא‬2# 0‫א‬1

(54) ‫א‬2‫א‬3454 W!' !=‫א‬BQ ‫א א‬H‫א‬/W[ t< ‫


(56) ‫‪2012 J07‬‬ ‫‪ J29‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ א

(57) אא ‪ 6‬א‪2008‬‬. ‫‪241‬‬. ‫‪'$<51‬א=‪6}l‬אא; ‪ K‬‬ ‫‪ K #:i tAN52‬‬ ‫‪PU Q ih<53‬א; ‪ K‬‬ ‫‪'$<54‬א‪¤ >%‬א‪ KT+‬‬ ‫‪55‬א‪ D. k +‬אא}‪ K r‬‬ ‫‪56‬א‪k +‬א ‪H [C+‬א‪ K$b‬‬ ‫‪57‬א‪#A[ r£k +‬א <‪ KC‬‬ ‫א [‪_C‬א‪/‬א‪:t'z#'iH‬א <‪H w‬א}‪ K r‬‬ ‫‪-5‬א‪67‬א‪5‬א אא ‪1‬א

(58) ‪ W‬‬ ‫‪d‬א‪- 55‬א‪>55J‬א]‪KF55ABA‬א ‪K:'$55[6_5555/<^N55‬‬ ‫א א ‪ 5'$ K$5L‬אא‪5%‬א‪5Q$mK 56z N 5%‬‬ ‫א‪I55`t55A55iKw55‬א‪d +55%‬א‪:55[55 !55‬א]‪H >55JF55ABA‬‬ ‫‪E7F‬‬ ‫א‪: C.. H b+QH x/wH %‬‬ ‫• ‪ V¥‬א‪K‬‬ ‫•

(59) ‪ VH‬א‪K‬‬ ‫• ‪H +u‬א ‪K[> +‬‬ ‫• א‪%‬א א" ‪H‬א]‪AB‬‬ ‫• ‪H f‬א א ‪BQ‬א=!‪K‬‬ ‫• א" ‪ H‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪K‬‬ ‫• א‪ &C.%‬א‪K! i$‬‬ ‫• א‪Uwb‬א_ א ‪BQ‬א= א]‪KAB‬‬ ‫א‪Uw55b‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪Uw55b C>55JUw55Q!55655‬א '‪{551P5555‬‬ ‫

(60) א‪%‬א‪ I C.V/‬א‪>t‬א ‪ E 5# < {1%‬‬ ‫ ‪ ' C'$PE‬א ‪x‬א‪ 5 <H fM‬א‪BQ‬א=‪:/ +5'{55‬‬ ‫א‪>/‬א ‪ :‬א‪{5 A <<H 1K t H >t‬‬ ‫‪E8F‬‬ ‫'‪E‬א‪#$K0 /‬א ‪[

(61) P‬א‪Cb‬א ‪K‬‬ ‫‪F >Li‬אא ‪ E H‬א‪2$b‬א‪_6 C<Y‬א>‪>+. Df‬‬ ‫‪PC.KV/‬א '‪C f K¢‬א ‪BQ‬א=א א ‪* b‬‬. ‫

(62) ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ‬.

(63) ‫‪242‬‬. ‫ א

(64) אא ‪ 6‬א‪2008‬‬. ‫‪i‬א] ‪'$PE‬א א"‪A +‬א‪K‬א א‪ <Y‬‬ ‫

(65) א} ‪ >I‬א א‪[>iD1V%‬א‪ K %‬‬ ‫<‪:/ +5‬א>‪5f‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪UV5W P55‬א‪$Lu5%‬א‪H‬א‪5

(66) |5W 5>1 w5%‬‬ ‫< !<‪_! b‬א‪_56K$5 4'[50 /‬אא"‪:5[5 5‬א}‪ 5J‬‬ ‫א‪_556[C+55' 55K55>55'$/ 55CQ*55

(67) %‬א ‪55'#<55‬א‪055 /‬‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪75[C+5<5$x 5[5JI <2H‬א ‪$5‬א‪Kv‬‬ ‫‪_6‬א>‪Q. f‬א ¦א]א ‪¦> .'$/‬א‪UV4 5‬א] ‪H 5A‬‬ ‫א‪[t 6 .! '$/1 %‬א‪[w5x+Q5/%‬א‪05 /‬‬ ‫‪i[52#'#< CA`JP D <2$QI‬א<‪75‬א ‪Q t5‬‬ ‫‪$

(68) N6 b7'?> QExploration‬אא‪5 .<5<K +<H‬א‪ 5C%‬א‪H‬‬ ‫א‪ K/%‬‬ ‫‪:/ +5< 5q>5*#

(69) 55e!5' K‬א>‪5f‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪758<5‬‬ ‫‪ E10FW0 /‬‬ ‫‪N5‬א ‪^N A$DA‬א‪ :i‬א א‪ AVK2 W‬א‪E 5،$‬‬ ‫א‪I5§ 5 '0 /‬א ‪P575k 5 ' § 5'$DA75Q 5D +5‬‬ ‫א‪ %‬א ‪_0'$‬א‪¨ I %‬אא‪ N:i‬א['‪*R‬‬ ‫> ‪ C.‬א‪7 +u Q‬א ‪*#C

(70) £‬א‪ ')-%‬א‪$ - > .%‬‬ ‫א‪$5

(71) N 5C.& 5.' 59Y5‬א‪q5‬א ‪ 5‬א<‪5b< 5b‬א‪ § 5' . 56‬‬ ‫ ‪FA‬א}> ‪60 / Q‬א‪75 1$ 5CAN.QKxr‬אא‪55‬‬ ‫א*>‪K

(72) 6 § '$DA7 < h*3‬אא‪U `+_6K:i‬‬ ‫א'‪ cP‬א ‪ KPz_. ( No w W‬‬ ‫<‪:/ +‬א>‪f‬א ‪BQ‬א=א‪ g I

(73) [t C . 'Y‬‬ ‫ ‪c$‬א‪Q$m[W‬א‪Pw‬א ‪ C +‬א‪ :H‬אא‪:i‬א‪!S‬‬ ‫‪( W‬א‪ W:/ +<!CQK%‬‬ ‫*<'‪0‬א‪I0 /‬א ‪-‬א א‪%‬א‪H‬א‪*%‬א‪*

(74) % 5 +5S‬‬ ‫‪$ K‬א(א‪$%‬א‪K5>i‬א‪ 5/%‬א‪EH‬א‪5i54H 5 < 5/NK*$ 5-%‬‬ ‫<‪ KL ^Ncu‬‬. ‫


(76) 243. 2012 J07 J29 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(77) אא‬. ‫א‬5]‫אא‬5N 5Ci[ e‫ א‬/W}‫ א‬7

(78) ‫א‬I0 /‫א‬0'<* 5.U 5S‫א‬56 5 5C$w5 ‫א‬5b$5D‫_א‬56[5OK"‫א‬ Kh‫א)א‬Uz #‫א‬M1 ¨ I C P8 H‫ א‬C I0 /‫א‬0'< * *3/W1‫א‬$

(79) ‫א‬$

(80) C H # +3Q<0w' :i‫אא‬ K$ ‫ [א‬G 7 t5' 5.L H 5 1 ‫א‬P'0 /‫ א‬q'$<A N3Q< * 3r5x 75¨$5 'U 5 1‫[א‬505 .%‫[א‬5b‫א‬$555.f> Kc 0$ C2`<0w'0 /‫א‬H‫ א‬Q O ><$<6 bi| < * H 555'‫א‬$‫א‬,w555‫א‬$555UV555WP555555' ‫א‬$/ 5550555 /‫_אא‬5556K +%‫ א‬7Ix 'E 0 z)<!= %‫א‬KFL1i‫א‬M‫א‬1 t' KVW iP C t505 /5=‫א‬BQ‫א=<' >א‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫א‬:/ +< 5 055 /‫א‬:/ +55'. C< b.w55<055 ‫ א‬55CQ[ t55<55S‫א‬55> K75NU52‫ א‬55/%‫א‬5=%‫א‬5'G5> %‫_א‬56Q lbw< 5. T 5.6E5 5©N5S‫_אא‬56^N5> %‫_א‬56H 5A Ni < 5ik r5 ‫ א‬+5b ‫א‬c I5$5P'`5C05 /‫ א‬5WK> %‫א‬ KS‫ >א‬%‫ א‬. 7b' >r 7

(81) PS‫ >א‬%‫ א‬P 6#Y‫א‬H‫א‬#%‫א‬P'‫ >א‬%‫_א‬ WH‫א‬# %‫_א‬6 55 55

(82) 'V55Q‫א‬55‫א‬I5 55> %‫א‬755' G 55:55$Q55< G $W0 [>iP* ‫א א‬0>+UwS‫א‬0 /‫א‬:/ +' KR3m ‫_א‬56$5 *55/%‫ א‬5 ‫^א‬NU2‫א‬P0 /‫א‬P G KP'$W‫א‬I ©N10 /‫א‬IgC"‫א‬$Q' K7> .<Y‫'א‬$/ CNUW‫א‬P0 /‫ א‬P G 5Q$m t5AN[5 5H 5A ]‫א‬P5O'S‫

(83) א‬. ‫ א‬R 5 ( 55S‫א‬55‫ א]א‬55C< [ t55<{551§Vx +55g5555=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬w55‫א‬ ‫


(85) 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(86) אא‬. 244. R_55% ‫>א‬t5‫^א‬NQ 5=N!5AB]‫א‬5')‫[א‬5 b %‫'א‬b‫א‬ K t' i t' .' ‫א‬0 /2$b‫!א‬/ <Y‫א‬2 W ‫א‬H +u%‫א‬P'‫א‬EN . A /'$ K1 b%‫א" א‬U O3WH A ]‫_א‬6[O- +< E11FW C<‫א‬#P « K w%‫ א‬P[ 6^NU2‫א‬0 /‫א‬:/ +' G K% ‫>א‬t‫א‬UVWP¥ ‫א‬ W5'$'P59!5AB]‫א‬5')‫א‬UV5WPU w< ‫א‬0 /‫ א‬:/ +' G K*3>$C$+،¬‫ א‬KKKhQ$t%‫א‬،7 ،7Vz '5b‫א‬UV5WP5 75 :575

(87) § 5C

(88) 5x ‫א‬05 /‫א‬:/ +5' G K[ b %‫א‬ E 55 )55 ‫א‬55 ^Nk 5555 ‫א‬552$QE R55^N55= [W c_2$b‫א‬A ]‫_א‬6l Qrb-.E<‫אא‬$‫א‬ KC< 1 |G " x e‫א‬ W&‫

(89)

(90) אא‬8#:‫' א‬#(!; 8 ‫א

(91) א‬2#-79!56 R<P=‫א‬BQ‫<א‬f .>zV‫ א‬H ><B‫א‬H‫אא‬$

(92) ]‫ א‬ ‫ *א‬%‫ &א א‬A$ w<.> %‫א‬H‫אא‬$

(93) ]‫א‬H ><B‫א‬ 55=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬55 ‫א‬55f E NK 55>%‫{א‬551P55Multimédia Educational 55CA^NR55K0>+55‫א‬55'3O55)55 H 55A N§‫א‬55C

(94) 055/ < 53O5)5 5CQ[ b ‫א‬2 WH %‫א‬P: 1 +[ t< C‫א‬- 5 5=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬5f>‫א‬E5PR6 AK* %‫א א‬7< &.'0 /‫ [א‬Q:i‫ א‬C>J( ©^NH

(95) $-%‫[ א‬G{ O‫א>א‬ K7<‫א‬:i‫ אא‬fKg 4.'[§ T 5.6 E I55=‫א‬BQ ‫א‬5 ‫א‬H 5f w5<KEw5w- %‫א‬: 55 .>‫א‬55/- ‫א‬W!' =‫א‬BQ ‫א‬f>‫א‬$'/< CQ '[1‫א‬$ K$ ‫א‬5Z)‫א‬. ‫


(97) ‫‪2012 J07‬‬ ‫‪ J29‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ א

(98) אא ‪ 6‬א‪2008‬‬. ‫‪245‬‬. ‫‪_6‬א‪$%‬א‪3O [1‬א§‪$P‬א‪$'/<[1‬א)א&א ‪ CA N‬‬ ‫‪$O | <) C

(99) ^N( G‬א ‪Nd +IRE‬אא‪* %‬‬ ‫א ‪d +I‬א>‪ .‬א)‪ E13FKZ‬‬ ‫‪T .65‬א'‪P‬א‪H 5e‬א‪ K5x

(100) .‬א‪- 5‬אא‪55 S‬‬ ‫< ‪Q ،‬א ‪_6$'/ . i‬א‪R5E+5Q5

(101) [tH e‬‬ ‫א>א'‪55‬א‪55«>55 .%‬א‪UV4 55‬א] ‪H 55A‬א‪55<55f w55<55«551 %‬‬ ‫א‪BQ‬א=‪56 K‬א‪H 5Z$$'5/<¦`5<H 5Z$5

(102) KU 5S‬‬ ‫<‪ <f w<K +‬א‪BQ‬א=‪ .‬‬ ‫‪ <#4‬‬ ‫‪3W‬א‪P8‬א‪ .52k 5E r7A`U‬א ‪5‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪05!5‬‬ ‫<‪3Q‬א !‪ W‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬א >‪f‬א

(103) ‪$Q d‬אא; ‪_6:[ b :‬אא‪P.‬א ‪ K‬‬ ‫‪ 6 +*$= .2‬א‪_6 .2Kh'B‬אא ‪ K‬‬ ‫‪3Q< .3‬א>‪.‬א ‪_ x‬אא‪P.‬א ‪5NK[5O <5‬אא‪5‬א‬ ‫א>‪'$t‬א‪v/W3Q<R_%‬א <‪H w‬א‪/%‬א‪I5 +<Y‬‬ ‫‪_6[A‬אא ‪ K$WE P‬‬ ‫‪$:= .4‬א& '‪0‬א‪V/‬א‪h %‬א]א'‪* b 5Vh5‬א‪dw5‬‬ ‫‪P‬א ‪K.‬‬ ‫‪I‬א‪[Pm$‬א] ‪H 5A‬א‪K*$Q5 %‬א>‪ 5f‬א ‪BQ‬א=‪5‬א‪¦Y5‬‬ ‫א ‪z 755A N، 55CN$55/‬א ‪q55T 55.6F5‬אא‪|55‬א‪|55'$K55<Y55‬‬ ‫א ‪-‬א‪ .< +uK C‬א ‪، AVK‬א‪ P5Y5‬א‪$Q 5D P5 %‬‬ ‫א"‪C‬א ‪ K C04‬‬ ‫‪_6Pq!' !bQ‬אא|‪ W C_<b‬‬ ‫‪z G‬א‪U‬א‪P3O‬א‪P EA '>/‬א}א‪P R_ S‬‬ ‫=‪ C. r ' J/W:‬א‪&C.%‬א‪z]!5%‬א‪_565‬א}‪d55‬א‪5>/‬‬ ‫א ‪P* b‬א א ‪!

(104) .‬א_‪ .6$wCt'c‬‬ ‫‪T .6 G‬א'‪$/E+ ' P‬א ‪5‬א '‪55‬א ‪A 5‬א‬ ‫ ‪!A 2P h‬א‪$‬א‪ PVQ‬א

(105) ‪ C C‬א‪:i‬א‪ ICV‬‬ ‫¦א‪

(106) . 3-+<P7NU2‬א ‪ .‬‬ ‫


(108) 2008‫ א‬6 ‫ א

(109) אא‬. 246. =‫א‬BQ ‫א א‬f w D6 >‫א‬b ‫א‬H bA[ G +u [<E P >Q C. Q$‫א א‬H +uE ‫א‬K C‫א‬- ‫א‬$x %‫א‬$‫א‬VQ P=‫א‬BQ‫<א‬H f‫א‬3 ‫א‬H +u%‫א‬q7

(110) ‫_א‬6 w<PVQR*/7>. ‫א‬P P( ‫א‬ !$‫א‬0 /‫א‬ft. $‫א א‬H‫ א א‬V]‫א‬Q O‫א‬IJ K +‫א‬ft. ‫א‬ W¢‫אא‬5 , 0*73# ,6"*3 ,02*3425 :0*-./- )

(111) *+, * ,' "# $% & "#! −1 2 H , *G1423B8B17−16 , > -4? , 97: ;"- <"= 8 5"4 H , J? I/= − 2 2005 , OP% %

(112) N ,

(113) , 'M"G L#! ;7K −3 6H , 6ST U J?- , ' "# $% & "#! −4 O;_*^- W M4*]^% W$X* M4Y Z7 J[ \;W % %

(114) , 'M4V L#! O−5 165 H 2004Wa 47b %

(115) ^` ^[ 10H , 6ST U J?- , ' "# $% & "#! − 6 J c= , <"[% %

(116) -4 <;, , : %

(117) <; −7 http://www.elmoalemonline.com. d/2 I/= , J? I/= – 8 d/2 I/= , 6ST U J?- , 'M"G L# ! ;7K − 9 d/2 I/= , J? I/= −10 2Wn Wl*+ m4*# , <G4*7 WI;" i` jG4^ 8 b"f O4G4k W'>?S hS! gf−11 43 H X= o;4p Z"% d/2 I/= , 6ST U J?- , 'M"G L#! ;7K −12. _* *N , OP*% , * r4*N 8 *#= </` a"7 s4Y , '&"# ! q4? − 13 2006B09. ‫


(119)