Posidonia oceanica, a usefull tool
to biomonitor the pollution of
Mediterranean coastal
areas by trace
elements
J. Richir, R. Biondo, J.-M. Bouquegneau, S. Gobert. Bruxelles 02-12-11Introduction
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Trace elements
Ecotoxicology pollutionbioindicators =
organisms accumulating pollutants to levels
representative of their habitat pollution status.
Introduction
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Trace elements
Ecotoxicology pollutionbioindicators =
organisms accumulating pollutants to levels
representative of their habitat pollution status.
Introduction
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Trace elements
Ecotoxicology biomonitoringTE Cd Pb Cu Zn Cr Fe Ni # ref. 34 29 27 25 22 14 13 TE As Se Ag Co Mn Al # ref. 3 3 2 2 2 1 TE Be Bi V Mo Sn Sb # ref. 0 0 0 0 0 0
[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica - baselines
spatial variation - contamination sources
kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion
tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes
plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]
Stations PACA-Corsican coasts
E X A M P L E 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
I II III IV V VIVII
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
B
i (
µ
g.
g
DW -1)
Bi - 18 stations PACA-Corsican coasts
E X A M P L E 1H 9 -H 1
Bi - Ajaccio
E X A M P L E 2R E S U L T S H 9 -H 1
Bi - Ajaccio
E X A M P L E 2 H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H3 H2 H1 H4H 9 H 8 H 7 H 6 H 5 H 3 H 2 H 1 H 4 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 B i ( µ g. g DW -1 ) H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H2 H1 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 AN AS Calvi B i ( µ g. g D W -1 )
Bi - Ajaccio
E X A M P L E 2In situ TE contamination
•
6 days of
contamination;
•
15 TEs (Pb, Co,
Ag, Al, Mn, etc.);
•
410L bell-shaped
mesocosm;
•
Contamination
every 12 hours
(9am-9pm);
•
15 days of
decontamination.
E X A M P L E 3In situ TE contamination
E X A M P L E 3C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 0 5 10 15 20 25 D0 D1 D2 D3 D5 D7 D9 D15 Nov. March Posidonia oceanica DGTs in mesocosm (24h) mean contamination level
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 DGTs in Posidonia bed (48h) mean natural concentration
Contamination (C) 26th May - 2nd June 09 Decontamination (D) 2nd - 14th June 09 Controls Nov. 09 - March 10 P b (µ g. g -1 D W ) P b (µ g. L -1 ) E X A M P L E 3
Pb kinetics
limb
ligula
leaf base (petiole)
E D C B A root leaf base stipule scale rhizome
(A) shoot of leaves on a plagiotropic rhizome; (B, C) adult leaves; (D) intermediate leaf ; (E) juvenile leaf (Libes and Boudouresque,1987).
plagiotropic shoot orthotropic shoot rhizome blade roots
Tissue compartmentalization
1. V 2. Zn
Hypotheses:
water column accumulation residence time dilution effect SAL BAL IL18,7
± 5,8157
± 7Tissue compartmentalization - leaves
E X A M P L E 403/1 7/08 06/0 1/08 11/1 0/08 03/0 4/09 06/0 1/09 11/1 4/09 03/1 1/10 05/3 1/10 11/0 1/10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Shoot Rhizome Roots V ( µ g. g -1 D W )
Above- vs. bellow-ground tissues
E X A M P L E 5E X A M P L E 6
Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V
03/1 7/08 06/0 1/08 11/1 0/08 03/0 4/09 06/0 1/09 11/1 4/09 03/1 1/10 05/3 1/10 11/0 1/10 0 2 4 6 8 V Shoot weight 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 V ( µ g. g -1 D W ) Sh oo t w eig ht (g D W )
Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V
[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica
spatial variation - contamination sources - baselines
e.g. Bi : PACA-Corsican coasts and Ajaccio Bay
kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion
e.g. Pb
tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes
e.g. V, Zn
plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]
e.g. V vs. shoot weight
C O N C L U S I O N S
Q U E S T I O N S
Thank you
for your
attention
Introduction
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Geophysicochemistry EcologyTrace elements
Ecotoxicology fluxes; spatial distribution; speciation, balances, … adverse effects; pollution, … ecosystems; organisms. flickr.com newsvine.com corsematin.comAnalytical steps: • homogeneous sample • acidic digestion in a microwave oven • measures : inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer M A T E R I A L -M E T H O D S
