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Les techniques de préparations pour restaurations adhésives collées antérieures : actualisation des données, fiches de protocole pédagogique et clinique

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(1)Les techniques de préparations pour restaurations adhésives collées antérieures : actualisation des données, fiches de protocole pédagogique et clinique Maud Houvenaeghel. To cite this version: Maud Houvenaeghel. Les techniques de préparations pour restaurations adhésives collées antérieures : actualisation des données, fiches de protocole pédagogique et clinique. Chirurgie. 2019. �dumas02418917�. HAL Id: dumas-02418917 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02418917 Submitted on 19 Dec 2019. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License.

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(19) ADMINISTRATION Mise à jour : octobre 2019. DOYENS HONORAIRES. PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR. RAYMOND SANGIUOLO† HENRY ZATTARA ANDRE SALVADORI JACQUES DEJOU. DOYEN ASSESSEURS. PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR. BRUNO FOTI MICHEL RUQUET ANNE RASKIN. DIRECTEURS DE DEPARTEMENTS FORMATION INITIALE RECHERCHE FORMATION CONTINUE. PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR. MICHEL RUQUET ANNE RASKIN FREDERIC BUKIET. CHARGES DE MISSIONS RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES INTERNAT ET DIPLOMES D’ETUDES SPECIALISEES AFFAIRES GENERALES. PROFESSEUR PROFESSEUR DOCTEUR. HERVE TASSERY VIRGINIE MONNET-CORTI PATRICK TAVITIAN. RESPONSABLE DES SERVICES ADMINISTRATIFS ET TECHNIQUES. MADAME. KATIA LEONI.

(20) LISTE DES ENSEIGNANTS PROFESSEURS DES UNIVERSITES – PRATICIENS HOSPITALIERS DES CSERD BUKIET FREDERIC (58-01) DEJOU JACQUES (58-01) FOTI BRUNO (56-02) MONNET-CORTI VIRGINIE (57-01) ORTHLIEB JEAN-DANIEL (58-01) RASKIN ANNE (58-01) RUQUET MICHEL (58-01) TARDIEU CORINNE (56-01) TARDIVO DELPHINE (56-02) TASSERY HERVE (58-01). PROFESSEURS DES UNIVERSITES ABOUT Imad (65). MAITRES DE CONFERENCES DES UNIVERSITES – PRATICIENS HOSPITALIERS DES CSERD ABOUDHARAM GERARD (58-01) BANDON DANIEL (56-01) BELLONI DIDIER (57-01) BOHAR JACQUES (56-01) CAMOIN ARIANE (56-01) CAMPANA FABRICE (57-01) CATHERINE JEAN-HUGUES (57-01) ERARD-MAGNO ELISABETH (56-01) GAUBERT JACQUES (56-01) GIRAUD THOMAS (58-01) GIRAUDEAU ANNE (58-01) GUIVARC’H MAUD (58-01) JACQUOT BRUNO (58-01) LABORDE GILLES (58-01) LAN ROMAIN (57-01). LAURENT MICHEL (58-01) LAURENT PATRICK (57-01) LE GALL MICHEL (56-01) MAILLE GERALD (58-01) PHILIP-ALLIEZ CAMILLE (56-01) PIGNOLY CHRISTIAN (58-01) POMMEL LUDOVIC (58-01) PRECKEL BERNARD-ÉRIC (58-01) RÉ JEAN-PHILIPPE (58-01) ROCHE-POGGI PHILIPPE (57-01) STEPHAN GREGORY (58-01) TAVITIAN PATRICK (58-01) TERRER ELODIE (58-01) TOSELLO ALAIN (58-01). MAITRES DE CONFERENCES ASSOCIES BLANCHET ISABELLE (56-01) MENSE CHLOE (58-01). . .

(21) ASSISTANTS HOSPITALIERS ET UNIVERSITAIRES AL AZAWI HALA (56-01) BACHET-DORISON DAMIENNE (56-01) BALLESTER BENOIT (58-01) BARBERO MAGALI (56-01) BOYER ALEXANDRA (57-01) CAMBON ISABELLE (56-01) CASAZZA ESTELLE (56-01) CASTRO ROMAIN (57-01) DAVID LAURA (56-01) DEVICTOR ALIX (58-01) DODDS MELINA (58-01) DRAUSSIN THIERRY (56-02) DUMAS CATHY (57-01) HADJ-SAID MEDHI (57-01) HAHN-GOLETTI LARISSA (58-01). JEANY MARION (58-01) LEVY LAURA (56-01) LIOTARD ALICA (58-01) MANSUY CHARLOTTE (58-01) MARTIN WILLIAM (56-01) MATTERA REMI (56-01) MELLOUL SEBASTIEN (57-01) PARFU ANNE (58-01) PILLIOL VIRGINIE (58-01) REPETTO ANDREA (58-01) ROMANET YVAN (57-01) SANTUNIONE CHARLOTTE (58-01) SILVESTRI FREDERIC (58-01) VINAÏ MICHAEL (56-01). ASSISTANT ASSOCIE DES UNIVERSITES LE FOURNIS CHLOE (57-01) THOLOZAN LEA (57-01). Intitulés des sections CNU : - 56ème section : Développement, croissance et prévention - 56-01 Odontologie pédiatrique et orthopédie dento-faciale - 56-02 : Prévention – Epidémiologie – Economie de la santé – Odontologie légale - 57ème section : Chirurgie orale ; Parodontologie ; Biologie Orale - 57-01 : Chirurgie orale – Parodontologie – Biologie orale - 58ème section : Réhabilitation orale - 58-01 : Dentisterie restauratrice – Endodontie – Prothèses – Fonction-Dysfonction – Imagerie – Biomatériaux. L’auteur s’engage à respecter les droits des tiers, et notamment les droits de propriété intellectuelle. Dans l’hypothèse où la thèse comporterait des éléments protégés par un droit quelconque, l’auteur doit solliciter les autorisations nécessaires à leur utilisation, leur reproduction et leur représentation auprès du ou des titulaires des droits. L’auteur est responsable du contenu de sa thèse. Il garantit l’Université contre tout recours. Elle ne pourra en aucun cas être tenue responsable de l’atteinte aux droits d’un tiers . .

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