Utilisation de drogues

Assim, a partir deste estudo, tem-se, por exemplo, como possibilidades de investigações futuras:

• Desenvolver estudo de nucleação e crescimento de policristais de cera epicuticular, em superfícies cristalinas auto-organizadas;

• Aperfeiçoar metodologias biomiméticas para transferência desta tecnologia em escala industrial;

• Aprimorar novas técnicas de caracterização da molhabilidade de materiais biológicos, visando contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento de ensaios de medição do ângulo de contato e tensão superficial.

76

8 REFERÊNCIAS

ARAÚJO F. E. Caracterização de Superfícies Antiincrustantes para o Limnoperna fortunei - Mexilhão Dourado. 2005. 58p. Dissertação (Mestrado en Engenharia dos Materiais) – Redemat, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 2005.

BARTHLOTT W.; NEINHUIS C. Characterization and Distribution of Water-repellent, Self- cleaning Plant Surfaces. Annals of Botany Company, n.79, p.667-677, 1997

BARTHLOTT W.; SCHIMMEL T.; WIERSCH S.; et al. The salvinia paradox: superhydrophobic surfaces with hydrophilic pins for air retention under water. Advanced materials, v.22, n.21, p.2325–8, 2010.

BARTHLOTT W.; WIERSCH S.; ČOLIĆ Z.; KOCH K. Classification of trichome types within species of the water fern Salvinia , and ontogeny of the egg-beater trichomes. Botany. v.87, n.9, p. 830–836, 2009.

BERNARDIN J. I. D.; MUDAWAR I.; CHRISTOPHER F.; FRANSESI E. I. Contact angle temperature dependence for water droplets on practical aluminum surfaces. , v.40, n.5, p.1017–1033, 1997.

BHUSHAN B. Nanotribology and nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS materials and devices. Microelectronic Engineering, v.84, n.3, p.387– 412, 2007.

BHUSHAN, B.; JUNG, Y. C. Micro-and nanoscale characterization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaf surfaces. Nanotechnology, v.17, n.11, p.2758–2772, 2006.

BHUSHAN, B.; JUNG, Y. C.; KOCH, K. Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning and low adhesion. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences. v.367, n.1894, p.1631–72, 2009.

BORMASHENKO E. Why does the Cassie–Baxter equation apply?. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. v.324, p.47-50, 2008.

77

BURTON, Z.; BHUSHAN, B. Surface characterization and adhesion and friction properties of hydrophobic leaf surfaces. Ultramicroscopy, v.106, n.8-9, p.709–19, 2006.

CABELLO-RUIZ, J.M. Efecto de la rugosidad y heterogeneidad superficial en fenómenos de mojado. 2009 Tesis (doctorado en Física) – Facultad de Física, Universidad de Granada, 2009.

CHEMISTRY, P.; CURIE-SKTODOWSKA, M. Surface Free-Energy Components of Liquids and Low Energy Solids and Contact Angles. , v.127, n.1, p.20–31, 1989.

CHEN, P.; MCKITTRICK, J.; ANDRÉ, M. Progress in Materials Science Biological materials : Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs. , v.57, n.February, p. 1492–1704, 2012.

COTTINGHAM G. M.; BAIN D. C.; VAUX D. Rapid method for measurement of surface tension in multiwell plates. Laboratory Investigation. v.84, p.523-529, 2004

DE GENNES G.P.; WYART B. F.; QUERE D. Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves. Springer. Cap 1-2. 2004

DUPRE, A.; DUPRE, P. Théorie mécanique de la chaleur. Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1869. ENSIKAT, H. J.; BARTHLOTT, W. Liquid substitution: a versatile procedure for SEM specimen preparation of biological materials without drying or coating. Journal of microscopy, v.172, n.Pt 3, p.195–203, 1993.

ENSIKAT, H. J.; BARTHLOTT, W. Scanning electron microscopy of plant surfaces : simple but sophisticated methods for preparation and examination. , p.248–255, 2010.

ENSIKAT, H. J.; MAYSER, M.; BARTHLOTT, W. Superhydrophobic and adhesive properties of surfaces: testing the quality by an elaborated scanning electron microscopy method. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, v.28, n.40, p.14338–46, 2012. ESTEVES, F. A. Comunidades de macrófitas aquáticas. In: ESTEVES, Francisco de Assis. Fundamentos de limnologia. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência Ltda, Cap. 20, p.316-373, 1998.

78

FABRICO. Manual of application sheet low surface energy. Rademark of 3M Company. 2013

GARTEN, B. Characterization and Distribution of Water-repellent , Self-cleaning Plant Surfaces. , p.667–677, 1997.

GORB N.S. Functional Surfaces in Biology: Adhesion Related Phenomena. Springer. v. 2. 2009

GRUBER; BRUCKNER; HELLMICH; SCHMIEDMAYER; STACHELBERGER; GEBESHUBER. Biomimetics –Materials, Structures and Processes: examples, Ideas and Case Studies. Berlin: Springer,. cap.1-3, p.1-40, 2011

HSU, S.-H.; WOAN, K.; SIGMUND, W. Biologically inspired hairy structures for superhydrophobicity. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, v.72, n.10, p.189–201, 2011.

JOST, H. P. Tribology: How a word was coined 40 years ago. Tribology And Lubrication Technology. 62 (3), pp 24-29, 2006

KIRSCHNER, C. M.; BRENNAN, A. B. Bio-Inspired Antifouling Strategies. Annual Review of Materials Research, v.42, n. 1, p.211–229, 2012.

KOCH K. Design of Hierarchically Sculptured Biological Surfaces with Anti-adhesive Properties. Functional Nanoscience. Beilstein-Institut, 2010

KOCH, K.; BHUSHAN, B.; BARTHLOTT, W. Multifunctional surface structures of plants: An inspiration for biomimetics. Progress in Materials Science, v. 54, n. 2, p. 137–178, 2009. KOCH, K.; BOHN, H. F.; BARTHLOTT, W. Hierarchically sculptured plant surfaces and superhydrophobicity. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, v. 25, n. 24, p. 14116–20, 2009.

KOCH, K.; DOMMISSE, A.; BARTHLOTT, W. Chemistry and Crystal Growth of Plant Wax Tubules of Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) and Nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus ) Leaves on Technical Substrates. Crystal Growth & Design, v.6, n11, p.2571-2578, 2006.

79

KONDYURIN A., et al. Etching and structural changes in nitrogen plasma immersion ion implanted polystyrene films. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B, pp.251, 413, 2006).

MEYERS, M.A., et la, 2012, Biological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs. Progress in Materials Science, v.57, p.1492-1704, 2012.

MITTAL K. L. Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion. Scrivener, 2013. RALSTON, E.; SWAIN, G. Bioinspiration--the solution for biofouling control? Bioinspiration & biomimetics, v. 4, n. 1, p. 015007, 2009.

RISAU, W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature, v.386, p.671, abril 1997 SIMPSON J. Superhydrophobic Materials. U.S. Department of Energy. 2007

SOLGA, A.; CERMAN, Z.; STRIFFLER, B. F.; SPAETH, M.; BARTHLOTT, W. The dream of staying clean: Lotus and biomimetic surfaces. Bioinspiration & biomimetics, v. 2, n. 4, p. S126–34, 2007.

SOON K. H. Et al. Correlation of proliferation, morphology and biological responses of fibroblasts on LDPE with diferente surface wettability. J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Edn, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 609–622, 2007.

THOMPSON, D. On Growth and Form. Cambridge University Press. Abridged edition. cap.1, 1992.

WANG Y. et la, 2006 Micropatterning of Living Cells on a Heterogeneously Wetted Surface. Langmuir, v.22, n.19 p.8257-8262, 2006.

WENZEL R.N. Resistance Of Solid Surfaces To Wetting By Water. Ind. Eng. Chem. V. 28, n.8, p.988–994, ago. 1936

WHITESIDES, G.M.; GRZYBOWSKI B. Self-assembly at all scales. Science. v.295, n.5564, p.2418-2421, 2002.

80

9 ANEXOS ANEXO I

Elaborado pelo CENTRO DE MICROSCOPIA DA UFMG:

PROTOCOLO DE PREPARAÇÃO DE AMOSTRAS –VEGETAIS PARA MEV

Jogar os fragmentos da amostra no fixador primário modificado: * Karnovsky (2,0% paraformaldeído e 2,5% glutaraldeído), em tampão fosfato 0,1M por no mínimo 1h;

Remover o fixador e lavar as amostras 3X (10 minutos) em tampão fosfato 0,1M;

(1) Imergir as amostras no fixador secundário** por 1 hora; (**tetróxido de ósmio 1,0%). (2) Lavar novamente as amostras por 3X (10 minutos) em tampão fosfato 0,1M;

(3) Imergir as amostras em Ácido Tânico 1% em tampão fosfato 0,1M por 20 minutos. (4) Lavar novamente as amostras por 3X (10 minutos) em tampão fosfato 0,1M;

(5) Imergir as amostras no fixador secundário** por 1 hora; (**tetróxido de ósmio 1,0% ). (6) Lavar novamente as amostras por 3X (10 minutos) em água destilada.

(7) Desidratar as amostras em solução crescente de Álcool etílico 50% a 95% (10 minutos) e em 100% (3X-10 minutos).

(8) Realizar a secagem das amostras no ponto crítico de CO2

(9) Montar as amostras nos stubs usando cola de carbono ou prata , posicionando a folha para cima (face superior), deixar secar em estufa a 400 overnight.