Selaginella convoluta, a única espécie da família Selaginellaceae endêmica na região
semiárida potiguar e encontrada no bioma Caatinga, ao longo desse estudo demonstrou ter potencial de estudo sobre três enfoques: Biossíntese, Fitoquímica e Atividade biológica. O alcaloide inédito para o gênero, anabasina, encontrado nas partes aéreas aliado as evidências de poliaminas nas raízes foram o ponto chave que suscitaram algumas perguntas científicas, tais como, será que quando em condições edafoclimáticas como a Caatinga poderiam influenciar a produção de novos esqueletos químicos? Qual a influência do clima semiárido da caatinga na biossíntese desse metabólito inédito para a família e até então apenas isolado de angiospermas? Desse modo, abrindo interessantes perspectivas de estudo da fisiologia do vegetal e biossíntese, duas importantes áreas dentro do estudo dos produtos naturais.
Nesse contexto, os resultados do fingerprint metabólico das partes aéreas de S.
convoluta obtidos através da análise realizada nesse estudo, ainda são preliminares, no
entanto, análises de S. convoluta na condição seca e irrigada, tanto das partes aéreas quanto das raízes, a fim de melhor avaliar a mudança de seu metabolismo nessas condições, estão em andamento utilizando a técnica de CLAE-EM e análises adicionais por RMN, em parceria com a UNESP-Araraquara (Professor Alberto José Cavalheiro). Através de parceria com a UNB (Professor Marcelo do Valle de Souza), será realizada a análise proteômica total. Essas técnicas buscam de forma complementar o melhor entendimento dos aspectos químicos e metabólicos de S. convoluta.
Em relação ao potencial biológico da espécie, no Nordeste do Brasil, estudos apontam que esta tem sido utilizada para tratar e prevenir doenças relacionadas ao sistema reprodutor feminino, diante disso, realizamos um ensaio de atividade antifúngica, visando avaliar o potencial de S. convoluta frente a fungos leveduriformes. O ensaio revelou interessante potencial de S. convoluta para Candida krusei e Cryptococcus neoformans, entretanto, ensaios adicionais são necessários, afim de investigar mais afundo esse potencial. Assim, os resultados obtidos por meio desta pesquisa estão sumarizados a seguir.
✓ As análises realizadas das frações das raízes obtidas através de partição líquido- líquido sugeriram a presença de derivados de poliaminas, possíveis precursores de alcaloides; no entanto a escassa biomassa das raízes não permitiu isolamento e elucidação estrutural até o momento.
✓ Os dados preliminares do fingerprint de S. convoluta apontaram uma diferença nas regiões de aminoácidos, carboidratos e aromáticos quando comparamos a condição seca à condição irrigada.
✓ O alcaloide presente em FC18 obtido a partir das partes aéreas de S.
convoluta, com auxílio da técnica de Ressonância magnética nuclear, foi caracterizado e
identificado como o alcaloide anabasina.
✓ A FC18 obtida das partes aéreas demonstrou ter um potencial antifúngico frente à Candida krusei e Cryptococcus neoformans;
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