s! Less than 500 tons 9J Impo r-t s - Africa and the aluminum industry

C:.Q:tJJJ.TIiI .

_North _Ani~rica: _Europe _:Asia _All

... . _ _, _ '''''''_' ,.,~.,.._ "'" " .. '. . Austra-. other Canada USA France W.

Ger~,>

^Italy ^USSR

ffi:/

Oth~rs ·.i~-,==i:ia ·,.;."i~1~;

.::ccc

^{C_. _..}

.F.'r.2=

dUd~'

tion Total

·.Ei!iport·s·oy·"c·ountr;y-'0f-clestinatj::eft-·- .

'-.::":.

__

^..•__^.

-_

^..- --- , " ; '

.:.:._-.

^"^..'.':~ ,:)

t./~"~~'ta

^not,:

~vailabi e' .,.::

" •. 1 _ _ • - • • • ~ • • • • •

13I/

Expo r-t s: ••. " ' , .•-.';: .~

!!,liJata

d~~ot

• ^add'• • • • • • '. • • • •

exacH!r~'6j;p'\ils

L~_·...;'.' .•

."'" ^{' . . ,} ^"', ' . " ' , ' - ':...

..&howi'/,~because of- rQllJlding· v1ref'e

'~~1imaii/d

^figures'

arei~ci~~~~iin

.0the ·dS't-aH. . ,,; . ;:,.ee)) .-:·~;'6

226 1,159 (4'05 "1'68' ,1,;015···

19'·'L,,:,

144

World total ••.•• 28,305 ~15,806

Scu r-ce r US Bur-eau

.(}t

ilines, Minerals

t~arbook,

^1962, BaUXlte chapter

§:/

USSR and other Co~muri:tst nations of East Eur'ope

E!

^{US imports}

s!

^{Less than} ⁵⁰⁰ ^tons

9J

^{Impo r-t s}

E!Cl'l.14!I¥R!:J.

OO

Appendi:x:D

APPENIJIX D

•

Patterns of Aluminium C'2~sumption.L.!?£!.elopedand Developing ,countries

.~_F;'> {s"·,;)"

'",

The USA),

,tJ:le larges t,' and_~mo'g.t

th,mthe US alumi-ni~ indu,st'!.'y indevelopin~ oertain US6Ilq:.':

i.

; ., " -,., " .,-~~\:,' .. ,;<

diversified in the WQJ.'ld, ,offerse, ,.$,tandard of compar-Lson. to whioh

~ ;., .

~other'developed courrtr-res 1];'1y, Look anti ,e.gainst whiohthe developing

.< .'" ,1":" •

oOUIltries may check thoir ovn oL~c\Jl!\st,<Lnees.,The diversity of usee .:c'

o . .- ' f ' " ", L J: " e:.., :. (. .,~'

..-of alulId.nium in the United St2,teB and,t/l.e economi.es in many applJ,liatibns

,~.- ,';,\:'::; .

are'

not matohed .i.n. other ccurrtr-Lec , although a few. have done betller'

-'-' .,~- . . .:/:<";':',. . --",,-. .

•

",.L.L.~::.'J':} .,,"'

2 . " Today,

<i'EYeJ,9Ili~g',countries

^{may leap}

ov~'r

^'oert'a1t{

si:~e~

^of

~lumini

^um

ma;t'~:t deJl:,e:).p;pm~l,lt·~hat'fim3t'built

^uprche-

us alUinirl'illlll" :i.lldh~try,~d

st;il, li

ⁱⁿ

~',

gencraL,wy:thatsequEmoe'

of use~.'

M;;';:;y6oJrti;ies' today are similar in broad o!:laraotcristrbs 'to- the U:h:l.ted States in 1900

, '

when 60 per oent of the po pul.at i.on lived on fa;rms'and i Il rll:r,Il.I a.:t:'eas;

the railroad ~1d the horse drmln vehiole ,were the main forms of trans~

pd'rtation; 'e1eotriditj; \las

.jl~~'('oor.,ingj:n'to

use; and there was no

, -.,^,...::,~. ,- ^/

a1.1<t<>llIobHe, truok,"':J:t'1ircraf't 'j,nciusti,y, The uses of aluminium were --"''small, abcut, 3,000 shoY'!; tons'; or

j;;~t

about 'where some oountriesarB,,'

t~ay^• ^The USoo'u'i'3Um~tio,,' "[,.'~ concentrated in ki tohen utensils,

eleC:$i!;ioal oonduiitor ," mi.lltary' 'arti'cles, smali' bo",ts"pcwder and pa,int, as a ~6duoing agent for othor metals, and 1ithographi

o

^printing. ^p~atee

replaeingheavy stotrk>L As the' po;ttcrn of development extended, the housi!hold,usesc6htinued but expanded to inoludemod

Elrn

",pphanoes as well asut,msils

c':

Kleotrioal conduotor, airoraft and .IItj.li tary usee

r ' , - .. . - • ' .

'beoameverY'importR.nt, and also aut omcba.Les , truoks, and ahi.pa , But .

t~e extensive diversifioation of industrial and oonsumer fields took aluminium with it into thousands of applioations. This broad trend

is'

summarized .;i,n Appendd.x Table ll-l, Here is shown how by 1963 the two

fiel~s

of building oonstruction and

trapsport"'ti~n

used almost half

,,',

of the aluminium and in equal proportions. The automobile beoame the largest user in the transportation olass.

..

^'^...^,

EI

cN~14/nm/loo Appendix D Page 2

•

Li. .'

4. I,'!'

l~!,!s...deveLoped countries,the uses of, alqrniniuintend towilrdthe

, " " ....^' ^{' ' ' '} ^..

essentil!-l, ..frequen"Uy sta:rting wi th.ut.ensils ,and roofifag:sheet/"'·ilheri!

:, .:. '. ' '!1.1 '." .'..~.: '.' -- , ' , . ' , ," • . ' ..

el"ctrifi9?-ti9n is prooeding, alumini\llll is favoured fb:r>,outdoor o6ndliotor

, .'J . . ',' ' , " . . . . •

as

less.c9stlythan,copper.

..

^..':^.,' ^.,,' ^." ^, ^'^.. India illustrates'thsalumiliiUlll'oyoleot a country mCl,vi,og toward inciustriaUzation under governtnent:pliiiiriing since_" _...

,1951"

_, . " . ' . favoured.by: , . ^.'^.'. ... na., ..tiollal polioy^' .to displaoe with dOulest'ie prodl!.cticm, 0:f.,:~l\ll!lii,n,ium.the long~establishedpositionof,imported' c0l?PsJ," ,.i,puteJ)silsf',o,thex; householdusss, and ele'ctri·fi-oati6i1.'

Foil

" . . . . ' -J.._ ••..•

for pac).cag.ing ;tea,a~dutenailswere the principal 'original market's

t~~·r:=<;'·",.,··~·,,··: , , ' . , " . ' . " ' ' ' ' . •

for alumin;Ljllll in.,India ..., Aluminiumoonsumptioninlndia:in_: _{" ,} ., " : . ""' . I " .',-. .. ,.'. . ' . , " . . . . . , '

1948 w'ii$"abbut

13,,000

metric ton,sapd

has

since groml,at a oompoundra.te 6f

H'

:'per'l:oilnt

";'.,

. ", .. " ,__ " " , " " .. , . _r~: . " . : : . , . ' :::

y .

^Adapted

'by'

permi'ssion ofthi'BonneVille Power Um:l.nistration, US :Ils:par~~ent of,tl;le, .+nte1'io1'"

from a

conthbuti'orrby ,th~",htel" to

a"reJlbl't

periQlng publication, "The Al~niu.mlndulltxy,Ofclh!l

:Pacific

;Nortl.twest.' 1~,{196:5)';

. - . . - ' . - ' . - - - .

1900

• •

• ]':

T"",,_:~ j"lt:l.""') A~~D Page 3 API'ENJ IX TABLE

n-r

Se'luence of Development of F.'incipal Uses of Aluminium in the USA

1s .Q0_.!-i 19 6 3iY'

Consumption about 3,000 short tons : ';;-kit'Chen utensils

• military articles including water canteens, castings for torpedo uvc:c marine us e s ^j- 'including small' boats

instruments ~nd apparatus for scientific use

wi,re for br-ushe-s, basket'S, egg bsat er-s and electrical conductor foil, bottle c~ps " , ' ..

,powder and paint

".-ltS'Tsducing agent for other metals

• lithographic printing plates

J914-1918 inWoddW~ I -, Consumption about 66,000 short tons in 1918 Mili.ta:":L-.us es :

sluminium dust for explosives

i soldier!s eQ4ipment

bombs, fuses,' flares, grenades, ammunition, cartridges airplane engines, castings, and airframe tubing

.110n-military uses :

• automobile parts utensils

deoxiiizing agent for steel making eleotrical ~onducto~

1920-1939: Consumption about 203,000 short tons in 1939 automobile parts

• electrical conductor

• machinery parts

• electrical apparatus and appliances aircraft and marine engines

utensils

iron'and' steel nialdn'g---'"

World War II : Consumption abo~tl,053,OOO,shorttons in 1944

• aircraft and o,ther mili tarY ami .nava.l us ee

1963 :

consulnPtio~'T~'hYPIU~;;tsincluding

'e-:x'ports, 3,213,000' short t008-)"

Building and construction ......'" 24 "j, Other end uses

...

⁹

%

Transportation o . . . " • • • 24

%

^Packaging ^"

...

⁸

%

Electrical and communication

11 %

Machinery and equipment

7 %

Consumer durables

...

..

.

¹⁰

% •

^Exports

. ...

^" ⁷

%

,5!

Based on Charles C. _{Ca~r, Al~,} An American Enterprise, Rinehart

&

Oompany Inc. 1952; Dona.Ld H. ',Tallace, !'Tarket Control in the Aluminlum Industry, Harvard UniversHy Press, 1')37; _Th~ Alunii,nium Association, A1uminiUl!!.

Industry Annual Statistic':.l_~vie!,19f13,pp. 18-19; Kaiser Aluminium &

Chemical Corporation, and James E .. Rosensweig, The Demand for Aluminium:

• A Case Study in Long Range Forecasting, University of Illinois, April, 195~,

E/CN.14/nrn/1OO APPOlldLt D•.

Page

4; '."

each year. Kitchen utensils ~ere the largest market for aluminium until

1954.

Electrical ccnd:actor then took first place under a n",,,tJi.9,na;~,1':r.cgg~lI!lR~:,ClLJl.J;.eJ:i:tt'.ifica

tion, ..

arld. togEither'"iih .'uteh" i-Is absorbed about t-.o-thirds (5t.,theionsumption in

1961.

5.

Consumption of'aluminiUill in Irtdiain' 19o1'wasestrznated' as follows •

.!!

•

ElectNcal" CondUci>orl}

'and .

apph an

cEfs'

Cooking utensils ... " .. ".:~/'","',,-.• :... ^G , , - . '. . . .:,~\,;.;.^{. " .}~'• • " . - . " .

Transport (marine, land ;and air) ••• '.•••••••••

,,-~,-packihg'.:a!nd' :oarlb."ing·-·'.-."·~"'.:)~\r'.--.-- •• '••".; .. ;- ~'; ..

BUi.lciing and construction ..~ ^eo> ^{' . '• •}"" • • ' "

- IiIiscellaneous " .

,.

Plansof the Indian Government Hill con't'inU'Elthis pattern of' importahce,ho1d-ing down buildimportahce,ho1d-ing ~~d construction to one of the smaller uses. The latest target of the Government is a priC1",ry capacity of 308,000 metric tons by 1971, indicating a five-fold increa"e OVfjr'l963.

Y

<',".(,;'-,.'''- ',".- .

6. In Brazil, the popul",tion of' 75 million consumed in 1961 about

~ ,.~' "

as much aluminium as the 436 million of India. The:patter~was similar, utensils being first, and eleotrical conductor next. Transportation was third (automobiles, trucks' ami buses ). 'Packaging wiis::fo\J.;'tl"

(tubes and containers for pharmaceutical and

c~smetic ~roduots,

^and,

foil for oigarette, food and drink

industri~s)

• . The pattern

of

the

: S·,.;< . - . - ,

1960'.s is not expeoted to change much as consumpt.foncLs projeoted to increase about 62 per cent between 1961 and 1967

)1·

S .R. Bhandari, The Indian Aluminium Industry" The :Eastern Metals ReView, February 1963.

~iining

~urnal (Londo~);

'Aul;Ust i4, 1 9 6 4 . ' : " " '

National Bank for Economio Developmf'~t. The Brazilian Aluminium

Marke't l!946-1:167 ;,Riod<lJaneiro, "SEiptember196s; , c.ⁱ

• _•

....

^~ ^...

., •

^,-.~

....

..

APPENDIX TABLE D-2

mca:::-y "h,:r.; ,1',1.', end-uses ;;<:::- oapi ta 0onsu:nption,

1960

(in kiibograr.ls)

E/CIT .14/DJR/IOO Appendix D Page

5

• wm

- Denmark Franne Germany Italy Nether- Nor-way Lan ds

Swi tzor- Uni ted.

land Kingdom

Europe nino oountries

total

Japan Uni ted Sta teE

I ^,

0.5 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.2 0.(; 0.6 2.1

1 .. 4

0.4 2.3

0.3 0.4 C.9 0.2 0.2

C.2

1.3 0·5 0·5 0.4 o

.;;^c

0.1 0.7 :.1 0.2 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 0·7 0.5 1.1

0·5 0.3 C.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.6 0·5 0.1 2.6

( I

0.4

0.1 0.2 - - ^0.1 ^0.1

^0.1

^('.1 ^0.1

1.0 0.5 0·7 C.3

0.4 0.7

1.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0·7

C.2

0.5 0.3

0.2 0.6

1.3 0.5 0·7 0.4 0.4 1.2

0.2

0.1 - - - - ^0.1 ^0.1

0.2 0.4 0.1 - - ^- ^0-3 ^Co2

C.2

0.1 0.5 C.3 0.4 - ^0.8 ^0.3 ^0.3