UV radiation
Skin cancer has become more common in recent times, and the same trend will continue in the future in the light of the Finnish Cancer Registry recent forecasts. Approximately 90-95% of skin cancers, is linked with UV radiation exposure. The most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and dark, or melanoma. Basal and squamous cell carcinoma are usually quite benign and evolve as a result of prolonged exposure mostly older people. They occur mainly on the face and the hands, which are continually exposed to solar radiation.
Skin melanoma typically develops in the skin of the body or limbs. Repeated burning of the skin in childhood or adolescence increases the risk of developing melanoma. Sunburn or tanning salon more melanoma in the light of research Mariska approximately doubled. the risk of melanoma also increases other abundant solar koaltistus or use the solarium without burning the skin.
Skin melanoma has for decades been one of the fastest growing cancers in the western world. Western Europe, it has become more common every year about 3-5%. The annual age-adjusted incidence of melanoma has been in Finland in recent years, men 13.9 / 100 000 women and 13.8 / 100 000 in Sweden and the other Nordic countries, the incidence is somewhat higher in Australia and the white population compared to about 2-3 times the Nordic countries .
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma focused on younger age groups than other skin cancers. Every year in our country states about 1 300 melanoma, roughly equal in men and women, and to die an average of 190 people per year. Melanoma sick five-year survival rate has improved steadily, and it is currently in Finland in men 83% and women 88%. Considerably more people fall ill of basal and squamous cell carcinoma, but to die each year from just over 40 people.
Melanoma risk factors
• Light readily combustible, type I skin.
• High number of moles. The relative risk of melanoma will increase by approximately ten times the number generated by the number increases by 50 to 120 C. abundant pale skin sun exposure, especially before puberty increases the amount and risk of melanoma eyelids.
• Clinical grounds over 4-5 atypical luomea (dark, irregularly pigmented, with a diameter of more than 5 mm in size, the asymmetric and irregular borders pigmenttisoluneevus) to increase the melanoma risk of illness from about 12 to 15 times compared to the general population.
• Previously excised primary adds a new primary tumor risk about ten times.
• observed in more of your close relatives melanoma increases significantly statistical risk of melanoma.
Solariumaltistus and melanoma
Of UV radiation is roughly equivalent to the sun's UV spectra (95% UV-A radiation). Sola riumit of the population are a major source of UV exposure. The sunbed caused by UV exposure is also an intensive methods, because it can be compared to sunbathing in a short period of time. Mild skin combustion reaction commonly occurs with the use of Sola- bilirubin.
UV radiation is a known carcinogen. Of UV radiation is classified as a class I human carcinogen the flux na 1992 (IARC).
Susceptibility to skin cancer and sensitivity to the action of UV radiation vary greatly within the population, primarily in skin type.
Finland solariumlainsäädäntö has changed in such a way that, from 1.2.2012 solariums is no longer authorized for sale under the age of 18 years, starting from 1.1.2013 solarium on site is supposed to be the safety instructions and information on UV radiation harm. removed from 01.07.2015 itsepalvelusolariumit, where there is no responsible person to spot.
Luomitarkastustoiminta and health
Luomitarkastustoiminnan Cancer Society began in the 1990s. Most provincial cancer YH discount rate MICRO- ENTERPRISES offer luomitarkastustoimintaa either the campaign-or throughout the year, and the activities carried out by trained nurses and doctors. A similar luomitarkastustoimintaa also offer many private clinics.
Skin changes concerned citizens can come to show you has created, whereby trained medical attendant to do a preliminary review and guide the customer, if necessary, the physician's judgment either for its own control center of health care, occupational health care, and private physician according to the patient's wishes. Luomitarkastustoiminnan
in connection with the customer is given information about healthy sun behaviors. This is the so-called. low threshold to a readily available service.
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Message to the dangers of sun exposure for the general population, as well as separately for different age and target groups o child health clinics
o child health clinics
o school health and health education in schools o school health and health education in schools o young adults
• Sets the objective of ending of completely non-medical use of tanning.
• key messages
• To ensure low threshold luomitarkastustoiminnan and the availability of this combined terveysneuvon- wall.
radon Radiation
Radon is present in homes and workplaces in the indoor air of an invisible and odorless radioactive noble gas. Radon generated in the crust of uranium and thorium decomposition product. About half of the Finnish receiving a radiation dose comes from radon in indoor air.
Long-term living in high radon concentration increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Suomes- sa about 300 people each year get lung cancer from radon. The work and the workplace from radon gas in Finland is exposed to annually approximately 50 000 employees (2%
of all employees). The average concentration of radon in the Finnish laisissa housing is about 96 Bq / m3, which corresponds to about 2 milli Sievert radiation dose per year. Radiation and Nuclear Safety Agency estimates that radon radiation levels of Finnish homes are as follows:
radon concentration> 200 Bq / m3 (220 000 units),> 400 Bq / m3 (59 000 units) and> 800 Bq / m3 (11 000 flats). Radon properties in Finland are higher than in many southern European countries, but the same level as in Swe- den and Norway.
Maximum level of 400 Bq / m3 in excess homes and jobs can not be everywhere in Finland, but the highest probability for finding them are in southern Finland and Pirkanmaa region. This integrated area inner jaitsee nearly 80% of all homes in excess of the maximum value. Most of these radon in homes can be found in the ridge or evening Salpausselkä-formation. The largest identified radon concentrations in homes were more than 30 000 Bq / m3 (average for the whole year). Momentarily place of residence or work spaces have been measured up to 100 000 Bq / m3 higher than about radon concentrations.
Radon is classified as a carcinogen after smoking and is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Exposure to radon in homes can be reduced and at the workplace, for example, well-ventilated, radon wells or -imureilla. The most effective way to reduce the average radiation dose of Finns by reducing the concentration of radon in indoor air. Soil in Finland favors the transition of radon inside buildings premises. What uraanipitoisempaa the soil is, the more likely and higher concentrations of radon can move to the indoor air. It is indeed essential to know your dwelling or the radon concentration in the workplace. Construction stage will be possible to find radon exposure to the construction site and construction to eliminate radon sun travel indoors.
Of Social Affairs and Health Ministry's decision 944/92, the home of indoor radon concentration should initially not exceed 400 Bq / m3. New housing will be designed and constructed so that the radon concentration does not exceed 200
Bq / m3. Radiation Regulation (1512/1991) the limit values of radon concentration of jobs is set. The radon concentration at the workplace may not be regular work exceed 400 Bq / m3. This measure also applies to the value of schools, kindergartens and other public spaces.
RECOMMENDATIONS
• the determination of the concentration of radon in buildings should be considered mandatory at least in areas where known to be abnormally high radon concentrations.
• adequate ventilation of buildings base floor must be ensured and the migration of radon indoors only prevents e.g. by sealing the areas where the soil can be released radon.
• Strengthening communication radon health hazards of indoor measurement of the radon concentration and short-kei butter construction in areas where the radon is a problem.
• Indoor radon concentration of the maximum permitted levels in Finland will review the current stringent.
Electromagnetic radiation
Radon and ultraviolet radiation in addition has in recent decades been extensively studied electromagnetic radiation caused by the road of field and electric field and its potential health effects in humans. All electrical equipment and cause the electric field around the magnetic field. Particular attention has been given power line work, but their health effects have not been unequivocal certainty.
Finnish tutkimussarjas- detected no children or adults at elevated risk of cancer in the vicinity of power lines. However, for example.
The building industry in the immediate vicinity of power lines is prohibited.
Mobile phones and their base stations, is suspected of causing radiation, which has effects on health. Ly doubt has been based on studies which proved that phone cause thermal effects on the brain tissue. the effects of radiation to recover so far are unclear. has not been shown to increase the risk of cancer as a result of the use of mobile phones studies and meta-analyzes performed to date. Examination of the case is difficult and the follow-up times far too short to draw conclusions.
International recommendations and Finland, the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority's recommendation to invite varovaisuusperiaat- tea compliance. If you want to protect against possible risk, it is good to use a hands-free device (radiation much less than the phone), hold the phone a little further away from the body (radiation decreases with the square of the distance) and to limit children's use of the phone. It is possible that the radiation is greater risks of the resulting cell phone talking controlling the vehicle.