it- 14 gateo behind which nost of the inhabitant. still live, In l851,flarth found ' it a flourish!*- handicraft and trading centre with , percent population, of 30,000
(5 par cent of tha Enirato created ^y the m«i in 1824), to, sheltering at leant
tvice that ^ober during the trading peacon. One. hundred year, later, Kano had 125,000 inhabitants (ft Eer cent of the Emirate) and had overflowed Wsll beyond,itn wallitht to any great extent, losing itD oharaoter,, ,. , ■ . ,. ,
^ay - though its population has, almoot quadrupled.- still pre-oerv9G itB spider-0-.eb plan, with the roado running in from the g,tea to the Market.
To a losoer degree, it is even still thinly inhabited, sinoe under the original plan the gardens retiree to .feed the people were laid out within the city precincts. This peculiarity wm disbar *1% the erection of three £ites provided for under the :
"Greater Kapr," plan,^ Apart fron the central market, the; old city ia ^o di^ingui-shed ty a oivio cantra consinting of the.Emir-n pa^aoe Wiih. its onno^ and.adnd^i-otratlvo tuildings^to vhioh.a ae^ps^e has boen added ,,h03e vhiteneoo ctands. out ■, against the oc^e^ool^ of .a^t all toil^ngo ia. the walled city, Hxe ol.d ar.d the new feao are extreme .examples' of -tare oppooito type0 of town-planning, the first ..
a - ^ing 110,000 withiu an.area of 1,800 acren, the oecond arranging 65;OOO in.a variety of ethnic grcuro scattered over an .area of lr660^Orec.: ffaje,- the tc^nship
of ,hc t»Da nwoomcrs, hao virtually exploded over the laot fifteen yearo, expanding beyond Sabt* Oari, the cheoq-board-pattern "new towa" of. the Southsrn Mgeria^s,
3T:u.aar«,a. seat of the provincial, administration, trading oentro cf ill-defined de-oignaticn, vlth itn Syro-Lebancne district near the ctati^, etc. However, the air-pcxt road ia tending to bee,™ the cental bpu^vard of %„ Kano, whose future dependo c^indMtrialization, x'or uhich a vast area has ,beeE sst aside to the east. ■ Barth hlmaelf early observed, that the :proSporit7 of ^c was more dependont on
handicrsfto than on grading. Prospect, also seem gped for,mod9In industry.
'page2^
Khartoum
:l^v>-n : Khartoum tfedtfgieV o&e of- irhQimdot:reKarkatle,:sii;efi.:iBvA^riQaj .at :tl;e oonfluonoe of the7 White n?irid Ecfrie taes^-but heat^ huuidity and wind made li^rlrig-.OGaiditionr.;.;■:;
: *h"c^■tofors1 fhs:'s;?t>3n ost+oa.o^ modern--■tedhhiquea. - Bespit© the; presenoe
storib- skelefeid as old.as 5jOOO' yearc^.■■Khatftotta was rio> fomda^.unt&l &b^t
l8S0j: ad;-'an S^fptica outpoStj'whoaei'.pojhilation grew to 60,.000 ^1846^ -.tbGugJL oholera ami"l6iher" airesa,3fes raduded'tha-fc figure to 2OjO0O oveaf the following-25 yearp, and the b;'Mafiai; redtiood it to nil "by-tail ding Ctedux-ia^n on the wecjt "bisaak of the> White Jttle».. With
: ihe!British'o6dapatir.n:bf 1893, !tho town irai divided into thr©e'"partst (3t).: Khartoum
as: adMnisi^atlvQ aiid "businssB oantro; (2) Oadupmaa, a Sudafc©3e town with-.vast ."eu^s",■ and '(3)-~&jfth Khartbtmij'-Europo'fia' 'and. industrial* 'These developed «aererOy?. the 1 popu
lation of Kaartoum itself ohatfg-lv-g 'tvnn- 15,000 in 1903 ±0 14,000 -±h 19Z.6 and 83,000
1h- 1956y:while tKe'correspon'din'g fi^iraG irero 58?OOO? 70,000 and 113ryOr?.:for Omdturman,;7aii(i; 4,'0O0;," 14,000 £aa 3970^^rfi^-lfoi'tV-2h.-i2ttnti2fl0 .-■■ ■ /; "■. ■■ . ■■-, ■" ■ ■; ■ -■■■/■.n.
■ ■ ■■■'■■'■■■In-'-eaehibf-ftliesg tovrah^ br oi-t'ie's:5 ■ ^lis' .people first made foor.th© "banks ,of .jbha. Kile.
[" ^3 tlies© wero rapidly tfchan u'p "by r.ffioifeX'bp.ildlngs and "busihesa premises, %h$-:.^j-st-ribte already inhalaitau wex-e5 o^br^^ooule/ood l-efo^enew land was -utilizodj- and ;
:''-form e'f bettermisii; :r,chle-yed''iit;i:/-':€till" blooni only in Khas?*cuo properf ir:Afrom:l sti'-mV in-19 03 -t^ 7 ca^ric. la- 1956O' : It nay "bs ■■added, -feat thia
;'xrni~".gol-T3G^k'-W"TfebSt"^^li9r:tjiGu- 1945?;;th&. i^^t Woi*ld War hisving indWC^ th-e. r.tyiio of urban7 ea^ploriiori'oviab'nt everywhere it? Afri'b&c Old Khartoum (i.e. ihe^Karto-um ^of
18^8), wEioh is hoiiaffocL in ■bet'ffoon the railway and the "barradzsy has a^lUiXury centre
containing the aain edifiobs tuidtho only multi-storey ;building3 -in- the ■.■.town, .a
' roxindod by teiddle-ol&SB: di^triots' (already1 ^houihg sign's of deterioration)
harbbuv af high proportion of foreigners. It was on t&e. otlior "side of
tha-H'hat there :c,ros3 after the Second World War the ohess-board pattern/of. the1 shacks '•of immigrants from all'prbvinoes of Suda^ ahd the iridiuatrijal "district .which-gives some Of thdm employment,' 'Cndurman has praservod muoh of its original, oharaotor, • with its vast'■ trtfu;qsl!y its laoeguois andy above allj its monument to th« M.ahdi.; - '
SM/UEB/AP/1/Add. 1 " ' .
page 28 '■. '■ 'Y\ ...■■Lagos
The history and lay-out of Lagos are conditioned by its insular origins. Island site'O Vero rma:dS sought-after in the past,, but.in the present they have rendered modern * development-. £ds$±blo only, at tire oopt.of expensive works, which never remove bottlo-necks* (The classic example,-of this is Manhattan)* Lagos was a mere village fronting 'the lagoon and tnov-continent untile the early 19th oentury, when it began to grow
'':tfcrougk the trading aotivitieo mainly of Afrioana many of whom had returned from thai; the district to. the east of tho original villago is. still called the Quarter" ,and:is noted, for itp many Portuguese-style palaoes. Later, the Europeans,preferred the bank facing thech->?mel and the Gulf of Benin, en whioh they
"built trading.houses to the north-west, while, after the British annexation of 1861,
admint-strative buildingp and missions covered the south-eastern half«^ ,,r r. r- At the. turn of. the century, the railway gave rise to the first suburb^ Ebute Metta, on the mainland, which waa built on a chess-board pattern contrasting with the sinuous but attractive alleya of the old village. Built for residential purpooesy but.
near the railway, this suburb hao remained very "mixed" from the functional point, of a view- ■ To-.the eaat of the oXd iftlend district, another suburb is growing up around
the barraoks. More than fifty years of oolonialization had thus elapsed when it was -deoideA to apply racial segregation - limited, in faot, to the Agio-Saxons, who.were provided with spacious 'dwellings still farther east, in the garder-clty of Ikoyi. At
;the opposite end of the tewn the Lend Board offered the Afrioan publio the Taba
estate, wiiioh was an extension of the Ebute Metta lands and still bordering^the
rail-4ay. So Lagos .became a: twisting ribbon ten miles long and averaging 1-| milec^in width.
As elsevhere, the Second World War broke down the largely imaginary barriers to.the ffiKpansioii - of the cityj but the sandy wet soil o£ Lagoo cannot be built on withdut expensive drainage.- New suburbs, less monotonouo in lay-put than the earlier ones,
appeared north of, Yaba., around Ikoyi and on the new Apapa.site beyond the phannelj but
the urban area aty.1 contains wast empty spaces, while ribbon development goes ort; ..along the road tp^the airport, fifteen miles.north-vest of the island.
SM/URB/AF/1/Aaa. 1
pago. ,2? . ■ :,
Leopoldville