IV. DISCUSSION
5) PERSPECTIVES FUTURES
A l’heure actuelle, notre équipe continue d’utiliser des protocoles d’anesthésie sans morphiniques en chirurgie cardiaque quotidiennement sans restriction en dehors de celles liées aux contre-indications d’usage de la lidocaïne. Nous pensons que notre étude montre que l’anesthésie sans morphiniques est faisable dans plusieurs types de chirurgie cardiaque.
Ce travail a fait l’objet d’une publication intitulée « Effect of opioid-free anesthesia on post-operative period in cardiac surgery : a retrospective matched case-control study » dans le journal
« BioMedCentral Anesthesiology » en 2019. Cette publication est disponible dans les annexes (ANNEXE 1). Cette étude préliminaire a permis une première évaluation du protocole d’anesthésie sans morphiniques que nous utilisons de manière courante en anesthésie cardiaque au CHU de Dijon. Cette étude a servi de base à la rédaction du protocole de l’étude OFACAR visant à évaluer, de manière prospective, randomisée, contrôlée et multicentrique, la supériorité de l’anesthésie sans
45 morphiniques en chirurgie cardiaque avec circulation extracorporelle par rapport à l’anesthésie opioïde conventionnelle. Le protocole de l’étude OFACAR a reçu l’avis favorable du PHRC et du comité de protection des personnes.
46 THESE SOUTENUE PAR MADAME ALEXANDRA SPITZ
CONCLUSIONS
L’anesthésie sans morphiniques, comparée à une anesthésie conventionnelle, est associée à une diminution significative de la consommation de morphine dans les 48 heures post-opératoires de chirurgie cardiaque avec circulation extracorporelle, sans augmenter ni la consommation d’autres antalgiques ni la douleur post-opératoire.
Le score composite de survenue de complications était plus bas dans le groupe sans morphiniques, du fait d’un plus faible recours à la ventilation non invasive et d’un délai d’extubation plus court dans le groupe anesthésie sans morphiniques. Notre étude n’a pas permis de mettre en évidence de différence concernant les autres complications post-opératoires (recours aux catécholamines, complications neurologiques, troubles du rythme cardiaque).
Les patients du groupe anesthésie sans morphiniques sortaient de soins intensifs un jour plus tôt, mais leur durée d’hospitalisation totale était similaire à celle du groupe anesthésie conventionnelle.
Aucun cas d’intoxication aux anesthésiques locaux n’a été rapporté.
Ces données suggèrent que l’anesthésie sans morphiniques est faisable en chirurgie cardiaque et permet une moindre consommation de morphine post-opératoire ainsi qu’une diminution des évènements post-opératoires en rapport avec leur utilisation.
Ces résultats nécessitent d’être confirmés par des études prospectives de grande ampleur. Cette étude a aidé à la construction de l’étude randomisée, multicentrique OFACAR qui évaluera de manière prospective les effets de l’anesthésie sans morphiniques en post-opératoire de chirurgie cardiaque.
47
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