Logistical support and facilities (B5 elements)

B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FACILITIES Threat category Responsibility

Elements I II III IV V O L N

B5.1 Provide adequate tools, instruments, supplies, equipment, communication systems, facilities, and documentation such as procedures, checklists, telephone numbers, and manuals for performing functions specified in Elements A1-A12. Ensure that items and facilities are selected or designed to be operational under postulated conditions (such as radiological, working and environmental conditions) that may be encountered in the emergency response, and to be compatible with other procedures and equipment for the response (such as the communication frequencies of other response organizations) as appropriate (5.25).

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List in the emergency plan and ensure the availability of adequate tools, instruments, supplies, equipment, communication systems, emergency facilities and documentation needed to perform the critical functions identified in Section 4.2. If possible, equipment used for emergencies should be the same as used in normal situations but with controls to ensure that their availability is not compromised. Arrange to replace supplies of items that are likely to be expended, contaminated or need replacement (perishables) such as cables/connectors, batteries, air tanks, filters, clothing, sample containers, and clerical supplies should be available. This should include a central store of radiological monitoring and protective equipment that can be provided to local response personnel, to include law enforcement, in the event of an actual or potential radiological emergency such as those described in Appendix 7. Provisions should be made to provide radiation detection equipment to law enforcement in areas particularly vulnerable to terrorist activities during periods of concern.

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Ensure the ongoing compatibility of equipment used by different response organizations (see Element B3.4). This includes communication systems/frequencies, monitoring and sampling instruments and methods, power supplies, and transportation systems. Ensure that upgrades or ongoing revisions to the communications systems (e.g. buying new equipment) do not result in an incompatibility in crucial parts of the response communication system (a common problem). To this end, conduct regular (e.g. monthly) communication tests between the various response organizations.

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The communication systems should be resistant to loss under emergency conditions due to overloading or loss of power. Do not use normal public telephone systems, including mobile phone systems, for critical response purposes because of their vulnerability to overloading during emergency.

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B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FACILITIES Threat category Responsibility

Elements I II III IV V O L N

Demonstrate that the emergency response equipment is adequate for response purposes. Include tests during which typical responders use the equipment under possible response conditions (light, temperature, moisture, weather, time in the field, workload and other conditions). These tests can also be used to identify vulnerability or limitations that should be placed on the use of the equipment.

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In the procedures, include any limitations concerning use of the equipment (e.g. should not be exposed to

temperatures below 10°^{C). 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9}

B5.2 Designate emergency facilities where the following will be performed during the response: co-ordination of on-site response actions; co-co-ordination of local off-site response actions (radiological and conventional); ordination of national response actions; ordination of public information; and co-ordination of off-site monitoring and assessment. Several of these activities may be performed at a single centre and the location may change in the different phases of the response. Ensure that emergency facilities are suitably located and protected so as not to permit the exposure of emergency workers, in compliance with international standards (5.26).

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Emergency facilities within the facility or UPZ should be suitably protected in order to control risk of radiation and other hazards (e.g. high temperatures, chlorine) to emergency workers and to prevent functions (e.g. dispatch of monitoring teams) from being jeopardized during postulated emergency conditions. Off-site facilities that are not protected against a radiological release (e.g. shielding and filters) should have backups beyond the UPZ. There should be provisions to continuously monitor radiological conditions and control of contamination within the facilities and for evacuation if warranted.

See Appendix 14 for additional information on facilities.

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B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FACILITIES Threat category Responsibility

Elements I II III IV V O L N

B5.3 Provide an on-site emergency control centre, separated from the facility control room, to serve as a meeting place for the staff who will operate there in the event of an emergency. Make information available about facility parameters and radiological conditions in the facility and its immediate surroundings. In the room, provide a means of communication with the control room, the supplementary control room and other important points in the facility, and the on-site and off-site emergency response organizations. Take appropriate measures to protect the occupants for a protracted time against hazards resulting from a severe accident (5.27).

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This can be accomplished by providing an on-site technical support centre (TSC) and operational support centre (OSC) (see Element A3.6 and Appendix 14), separated from the facility control room to serve as meeting place for the emergency staff not directly associated with control room operations. Information about important facility parameters and radiological conditions in the facility and its immediate surroundings should be available within the TSC. The facilities should provide means for communication with the control room, the supplementary control room, and other important points in the facility, on-site teams, off-site officials in the EOF (see Element A1.5) and other emergency response organizations.

Appropriate measures should be taken to protect the occupants for a protracted time against hazards resulting from a severe accident. .

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Establish means within the emergency facilities (e.g. TSC, EOF, RMAC – see Appendix 14) to analyse, record, transmit and display information to support effective decision-making. This may include the status of facility systems, weather data, radiological assessments (e.g. dose projections), environmental data, protective action implementation, and the status of response actions (see Element A3.6). Include only the information needed in the decision-making process. The system should account for uncertainties, and synthesize data. Evaluate the effectiveness of data presentation during exercises that simulate response conditions.

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B5.4 Designate laboratories to perform appropriate and reliable analyses of environmental and biological samples and measurements of internal contamination for the purposes of an emergency response. Ensure that these facilities would be operational under postulated emergency conditions (5.28).

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B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FACILITIES Threat category Responsibility

Elements I II III IV V O L N

Establish or identify a laboratory (fixed or mobile) outside the UPZ for the chemical (e.g. boron levels) and radiological analyses needed to perform the functions assigned to the facility in Section 4.2. This should include analysis of high activity samples (e.g. reactor coolant) and environmental samples. The laboratory should be able to provide analysis of facility samples within three hours.

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Establish or identify a laboratory to perform analyses of environmental and biological samples (outside the UPZ for threat category I and II facilities) with capabilities consistent with Appendix 15. These laboratories should have arrangements to support and co-ordinate with forensic laboratories and to preserver the “chain of evidence” if requested by law enforcement.

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B5.5 Designate a national emergency facility or facilities for co-ordinating public relations (5.29). 9 9 9 9 9 9²⁹ 9 9 For any emergency, establish a single public information centre (PIC) for the release of official

information, discussed in Element A9.1 and Appendix 12 and 14. Establish the PIC promptly (within hours) in the vicinity of a local event. All organizations (facility, local and national government) with a potential role during the response should provide information releases to the media through the PIC as soon as possible. Attempting to provide information to the media from more than one location or from a location not in the vicinity of the emergency has resulted in the release of confusing information and loss of public trust.

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A location, to be used as the PIC, (see Appendix 14) should be pre-established outside the UPZ. 9 9 9 9 B5.6 Arrange to obtain support for logistics, communication, the provision of social welfare, and other

areas from organizations responsible for such support in conventional emergencies (5.30). 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ensure that provisions will be in place to promptly re-supply and obtain additional resources. This should

include provisions to bypass normal (time consuming) procurement procedures, to request international radiological assistance through the IAEA using the process in Ref. [23] and to expedite the entrance of personnel and equipment into the State.

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