Impact des changements climatiques

Le retrait récent de la glace de mer dans l‟Arctique affecte la communauté des eucaryotes unicellulaires à travers des changements de lumière, de salinité, et de mélange de la colonne d‟eau (Li et al. 2009). Une motivation majeure pour comprendre les facteurs environnementaux qui influencent les répartitions des taxons HF c‟est de prévoir comment ces communautés changeront dans l‟avenir. Les taxons identifiés comme ayant des répartitions restreintes (chapitre 4) devraient être particulièrement sensibles aux changements, et seront donc d‟intérêt pour de futures études. Pour certains taxons, comme Cryothecomonas et MAST-1C, il a été possible de constater que la proximité au bord de glace était un facteur environnemental conduisant ces répartitions. Le retrait de la glace fera que plusieurs régions présentement couvertes deviendront des zones marginales de glace, alors que des présentes zones marginales deviendront des eaux ouvertes. Donc jusqu‟à présent, il n‟est pas possible de déterminer si l‟effet du retrait de la glace aura un effet positif ou négatif sur les populations de ces taxons. Néanmoins, les changements dans leurs abondances peuvent servir pour signaler des changements de régime dans les écosystèmes arctiques.

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