The verb forms να πητε /na pfte/~ να φαω /na. f40/, να π ι.οίίμε /rιa pydme/ are subjunct1ve.
Subjunct1ve 1s most used Ιο refer Ιο t1me after that ο! the preced1ng verb ( ~Ιλετε να πητε /e~lete na. ρίΙε/ 'you want [ησw] Ιο say [future w1th respect Ιο the vant1ng~
vh1ch 1s present]'). Subjunct1ve 1s used when the act10n is des1red, poss1ble, mandatory, doubttul, etc., part1~ularlyafter verbs such as 'vant', 'l1kel, 'tell' and words l1ke 'canl ,
'8U8t', 'shou1d" 'poss1ble" '1mposs1b1e', etc. Used after another verb th1s [οπι 18 80st trequently equ1va1ent Ιο an Eng11sh verb phrase w1th 'Ιο' a8 'he vants Ιο ιοΊ 'Ι 11ke Ιο πιώ' etc. But the subjunct1ve has βη end1ne which 1nd1cates the actor. The l1tera1 trans1at10n ο! subjunct1 ve clause, therefore, νil1 be more accurately: 'ΙΜΙ Ι eatι, 'that
Ι dr1nk', 'ΙΜΙ you _ay', 'ΙΜΙ Ι taste', etc.
The 8UDjunct1ve 10 Greek 18 forιιιed exact1y l1ke tuture (Note 6.1.1) but ΙΜ νοπΙ
p1'8ced1ng the verb IOΠl18 να /rιa/
(
ν' /n-/ before ά-/a-/).
ΤΜ verb 1η ttιe 8ubjunct1veΙοπι can, οΙ cour8e, be e1ther '81ιιιp1e' or'cont1nuoU8'.
Tbe cont1nu0U8 8ubjunct1νe 1s να /rιa/ p1us pre_ent tense, β.ι. &Ιλω να τρώω δλη or~v ωρCΙ /8'10 na tr~ 611 Ι1η tJra/ 'Ι want Ιο εΑΙ a11 the Ι1ιιιe',
and t.he 81ιιplβ 8ubjunct1ve 18 ν6.
/na/
p1us perfect1νe ste.. t01"lll; β.ι. &Ιλω να φciω /"10 aa t40/ 'Ι νΜΙ Ιοeat.'.Not.e 6.7 Verb: IιιιιpersonalVerb πρΙπει. /ρήρ1/'1Ι'δ necesllary', 'ΙΙΙδΙ', 'should', 'oυght'.
---
----·Oorcιv Η EtcnE ~ν ..A~να tJtan θβ 18ω 8t.1n βθΙΜ, When you ΑΠΙ 1η At.hens Υοο ΙΙΙ8Ι πρΙπει. να πiorE να cpiorE ρήρ1 na pite na ΙΙι. ('goand') eat. 1η a tavem'.
at
μΙα orCltβfpvcx. se ιιd. tay,frna.The verb torIII πρΙπε ι. /pr~1/ 111 1ιφersonal' 111nce 1t can be uιιed 1η t.he ωΝ person s1~u1aronly. The verb that. tollσws πρΙπει. /pr4.p1 / 18 alwayw 1n t.he ιιubjunct1ve.
Other 1Mρersona1 νerbs w111 be d1scussed 1η later unitιι.
~2~_!:~:Cla8S ΙΙ Ve1"b μπορω /bor6/ 'Ιο be able'.
Ό κ6cη.ι.oς μπορεϊ: να πηΥα(νη ο ktJzmos bor! rιa p1y'n1 People can go there eνeryday.
ΙκεΤ κά&ε μΙρα. ekf,
k4e.
_ra.The th1rd person s1ngular form ο! μπορω /bor6/ 1s μπορεϊ: /borr/ 'Μ (she,1t.) can, 1s able', 11ke έννοεί /enor/ είιχαριστεί /efxa:,istr/ etc. (see ΝοΙε 5.9).
75
G REEK BASIC COURSE
Note 6.'3.' Impersona1 use ο! the vcrb form μπορεΊ:
'οηθ can, may, might'.
The third person singu1ar form ο! the verb μπορω
/borf/ 'it's possi~1e', perhaps',
/bor6/ can be used impersonally, e.g.
ΜπορεΊ: να παω στην Ά~ηνα.
ΜπορεΊ: νά φάω άρνάκ~.
bori na ρ40 stin a9tna.
bor! na Ι40 arniki.
Perhaps 1'11 go to Athens.
1t's possib1e that 1'11 eat 1amb.
~~~~_~:2 Noun: The use ο! the word κόσμος /k6zlΓtOs/ 'peop1e', 'wor1d'.
Ό κόσμος μπορεΊ: να πη- ο kδΖmos bori na piyι!n1 Peop1e can go•••••
γαενη••••
1t should be noted that the 'ιford κόσμος /k6zmos/ ίβ a1vays used co11ect1ve1yj the verb it gσverns 1β !!~!~!:.
The express10ns ολος δ κόσμος /δ10β ο k6zlΓtOs/means 'everybody'.
!~~_~:~2Expressions ο! T1me
Πότε φεύγε1. τό τρΙ νο; p6te !~νyi to trι!nο? wben does the train 1eave?
uOTav εΙστε στην Ά-&ηνα δtan Jste stin ae1na, When you are ίη Athens, you
πρΙπε1. να πα τε να φίΧτε prl!pi na p4te na f4te nιust (Ιgo and') eat·ίη a
σΙ μΙα ταβΙρνα. Ββ ιιd. tav~rna. tavern.
Π6τε /p6te/ 'vhen' is used in questions as ίη Πότε άρχΙζε.. δ Κ1.νηματόγραφος /p6te arxJz1 ο kinimat~afos?1'wben does the mσviβ start?' and ίη 1nd1rect questions:
ΔΙν ξΙρω πότε άρχ Ιζε1. δ Μη gΖι!rο ρδιΘ arxl2ii Ι don't Mσw vhen the ιιιαν1β
κι. νηματόγραφος. ο k1nimatδyrafos. st.art..
uOTav /6tan/ is used to indicate a concurrent tiιιιe 'vhen', as ίη
uOTav -&ά ~xω λεφτά
-&a
παω δtan θ. ι!χο 1efti, θ. ΡΑο \oIben 1('11) Μπ lΓtOπβY1'11 goστην 'Ελλάδα. st1n eUoa. to Greece.
~~~~_~:!.1.Adjective πολύς, πολλη, πολύ /poHs, -1, -1/ 'numerous', 'rnany','a 10t'.
EΙνα~ γ1.ά τόν κόσμο πού δΙν !ne 18 to(n) g6zπιo, pu ~η 1t's !or the peop1e vho don't
~xε.. πολλa λεφτά. ~x1 p01ιl 1eft!. have a 10t ο! ιιιoney.
The adjective πολύς /poHs/ 'numerous', 'many', 'a 10t' Μβ the !ol1owing forms:
76
11.
GREEK BASIC COURSE
ι. π.
ut.I1'1' 6
πολύς
a.
polfs πολλή
Plural
Ι.
ροΗ πoλ~
n.
ροΗ
πολλοΙ ροΗ
EX!~!!!!
πoλ~ς x6aμ.oς πολλή l:ιριz πoλ~ κρααΙ πολλοt crrCΙ&μot
πολ.λ.Ις πρεαβεΤες πολλ6 ξ~νoδoxεΤιz
πολλές Ροlι!s
polίβ k6zllOs
ΡοΗ 6ra
ροΗ krasf
polί sta8ιd
poll. presvf8s poU ksenoδoda
πολλ6 ροΙΙ
~ people a 10t, οι 1;1_
a 10t, ο! ν1. .
88n,1 st.at,1ona 181\1 βιιbuβΙ8B
88n,1 hote1s
8ΥΙprfp1 na ρΙno
kar.
Jrjθe "ra.8S! pl,'p1 na p!n18 yUa ιcae ιιι!I'Α.
alt6s pl,'p1 na p!D1 t,d1 W8 _ra.
8ιdβ ρ"'ρ1 na plΠUl8kaf' k4βeιιιι!ra.
ΛβΙ. ρ"'ρ1 na plnete
poli
nίιιrd.atώs Ρ1'1ρ1 na plnun(8) kaf' k4βe 11Ι1'..
8"(6 prfp1 na ρ)'δ nerδ.
8s1 prfp1 na pyfs . .1'6.
aft,όs prιp1 na pyf tsi1.
81111s ρήρ1 na ρΥι18 kat~.
ββl. ρήρ1 na ΡΥΙt.e t8i1.
aft! ρήρ1 na py11ne kat~.
77
β"(6 ρ"'ρ1 na rfvyo
P'nda _
t,o t,...no.e81 ρ"'Ρ1 na t'Y7!s
P'nda _
t,o t"'no.attόs ρ"'ρ1 na
r.vy1 P'nda _
Ιο trfno.eιd8 pl,'p1 na
r.V'yU88
pinda _ t,o t,...no.
β.!s ρ"'ρ1
na
t'vyete p&nda _ t,o ιrνno.att! prfp1 na rIvyun(e) p&nιιa _ to t,NRO.
β-Υδ ρ"'ρ1 na tlyo .80S.
es! ρ"'ρ1 na ΙΙΥ1β. .80••
aftό8 Ρ"'Ρ1 na tiy1 ~.o
..
eιιιIs ΡrΙΡ1 na Ι!yυιιιe .80S.
es!s ρήρ1 na tlyete . s o••
aft! ΡrΙΡi na f!yun{e) ~BOB.
G REEK BASIC COURSE
θΥδ Ba piy~no sti(m) brezvia K~θθ ~ra.
es! ea piy~nis sto proksen!o k~Ge ~ra.
aftds ea pίy~η! sto estiatόriο kΙθe mera.
~m!s ea piy~nume sto kafenio kΙθe ~ra.
~β:!s ea piy~nete sto proksen!o kΙθe ~ra.
aft:! ea pi~nun(e) sto proksen:!o kΙθe ~ra.
θγό Ga P~O simera stin aqfna.
es! ea P~5 s!mera sti(m) b4tra.
aftδs Ba p~] s!mera sto prosken!o.
em:is ea pime s:!mera stin aIJtna.
~s!s ea p4te s!mera sto prosk~n!o.
aft:! Ga p!n(e) s!mera sto(n) staem6.
Substitution-Corre1ation Dri11s
Change the form ο! the under1ined verb (or verbs) Ιο agree with the pronouns 1isted
Ιο the right οΓ each sentence:
p~p! na E!~~ kaf~ κΙθθ ~ra.
pΓ~pI na ΕΙ! yA1a stiz Q~ka.
aft~s pr~pi na ~~~!~~~~ Ιο fai.
s!mera ea ~ sti(n) dav~rna.
pΓ~pI na !~~ stis σeka.
Ga !!~ ya tin aetna.
Θ~10 na σδ ton aoerf6 sas.
~~!! na sas
!!!e!
61ι tin όra.o~η ~~!!~ na ε~~ stin aeina?
Ga sas Ιο ~ s!mera.
o~η ~~~ na ~~~~ ps4zwJa k4ee ~ra.
o~η ~~~~ na !!~ p4nda efxaristό.
E!~~ yala kΙθe ~ra.
Μη !?~~~ na ει~ krul.
θ~10 na sas σό stis okt~.
~!!~ na sas E~ ρόΒ Μη bοrό na S·,S
~~ s1mera.
θβί, emίs, aft~s.
ey6, es!s, aft! (ρ1.).
esi, aft6s, em:is.
ey6, es!s, aft6s.
aft6s, θβί, aftΙ.
ey6, esfs, aft~s.
emis, aft6s, aft! (ρ1.).
aft~s, em!s, ey6.
θθίΒ, aft6s, aft~s.
aft! (ρ1.), em!s, art6s.
θβίβ, aft~s, 8βί, aft6s, em!s.
θβίβ, aft6s, 8θί, BΓΙ~β.
ey6, es1s, aft6s.
aft6s; aft~s, esfs, θmίβ.
aft6s, em:is, aft! (pl.) al"t6s, em!s, aft~s
Substitute the words Ιο the right ο! each sentence for the under1ined words and change the aspect ο! the verb according1y.
s!mera.
78
G REEK BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
pr~pi na sas vl~ruroe ~!!_~!~_~~!.
pr4!pl na txete ε!~~~ ροΙΙ leftA.
attis prepl na plnun(e) kat~ ~!!_~!~_~r!.
attόs pr4!pl na ooklmizl ~ Ιο ΡaΥοtό.
eιιds pr4!pl na lmast(e) eM, ~!!_~!!!_~!:~.
ρήρΙ na rt1vyo ya taks!al ~~!_~!:~~
pn)pl na Βυ Ιι}ιιιe ~ ρι! p4a.
ρήρΙ na [ι.e !~!!_~~~!.
p~pl na r!yo '1& taks!δ1
!!~2-att~s ρήρ1 na δ:ι Ιοη a6err6 tu !!~!:!.
pn1pl na pyite to(n)
gar"
sas !!!!_~~~~~p~pl na bok1ιιbwιιeta yl1ki !!~~.
p~pl na !s{e) β~ !!~!:!.
AΙtΔs θ. ΥΙ4\ρΙ Ιοη a6ert~ tu ~θ!t _~r:.a~
9a trδo ~2!_!!!!!:! p_4rya.
_ιd_ θ. t!xwιιe ~~.poU lett4.
_Ιώθ ardsun na trδne ~!!_!ι!!:!_!H!_~!~.:
υΙ ea θ4\11_ na vΙΙΡιs att6(n) toη 1p41llo,
kj,)e "'ra.
---βΙΙΙΙ_ ea p!n... kal" ~~_~~~.:
••
ι. θΑ !_Ι(β) β~ k&θe---. _1'8.
arus θ. tine !H!_~~ ΡrδyeV8.
βιιdB θ. sas Μ.. ~!!_~~~
•.
θΑ 'x1s letu !!~~!.
_ιιΔΒ eard81 na ΙΓδ1 !~!!_~~!~
θ. e4!lls na 518 Ιοη lp11ilo !~!~_~!27
'!ιιι!Β θ. pyΔme kar~ !!~!:~.
βιιdB θ. 1mast(e) eδ6 s1mera.
79
stis okt6.
sIrnera.
stls okt6.
slmera.
stls okt6.
sfmera.
sfrnera.
611 ΙΙη δη.
k4t3e ιιιAra.
611 Ι1η δra.
611 Ι1η δra.
p4nιia.
ki&e _ra.
st1s okt6.
stlz δlka.
_I_ra.
_Imera, st1s epU.
_Iιιιera
_t1z διυ.
.Ι1Ζ δ{ο.
slmera.
kiee "'ra.
k4ee ιιιι!ra.
ki~e
_1'8.
k4θe ιιιι!ra θΙΙΖ ~ka.
kige ιιιιfra.
k4ee ιιιι!ra.
k4ge ιιιι!ra.
tr ea k4nete slmera?
GREEK BASIC COURSE
pi~nete·k!ee ~ra sti(m) b!tra?
piy~nete Βθ tav~rnes7
tf fayi t! ~xun i tav~rnes e061 t! pot41
lne akriv4 ta potl, stis tav~rnes pu tr6te?
p6s lne ta krasy! sart~s tis tav~rnes?
trόte p4nda sa14ta nιe to fal sas ? t! ylik4 trδte?
ΡΥ6 Ine to eθnikδ tus ροtδ θδδ1
~~lete na δοkim4sete aftδ to pot61
e~lete na p4te stin aefna1 p6s ln(e) i p4tra?
nιe t! pi~nete ek11
p6s lne ta tr~na stin e14δa1
!n(e) akriv! ta isitlria ya ti brati 9~B!
sto treno1
~x! i p4tra kal! ksenoδoxfa1
borlte na Μυ plte t! δra Jne1 Usef'ul vords
---• ΙΧν3ρωπος ο 'ηθroΡοθ man
ο
ό φοι.τητης ο f'1t1tίs student
ό ναύτης ο natt1s sa1lor
ό λοχΙας ο lox:ίaa sergeant
ό νοσοκόμος ο ΣIOsokάιιos aed1c
ό λόγος ο ιόΥο. vordJ reason, lIOt1ve
• κόρη 1 k6ri daugbter
η
ή 3&λασσα 1
ealaaa
8θβή όδός 1o&όs 8treet.
ή liγκυρα 1 ύgira anchor
τ6 αύΥό to a"t'V'ό egg
τό πλοΤο/τό καρ&βι. to plίoΛo kar'V'i Μ1ρ
80
G REEK BASIC COURSE
ytnlka8 iiiu, !n(e) aro.t1..
ή Υυνα:Ικα: Ό
YLaOfp6c;
της vομLCεL,πωςή κα:ρδLα της cLVΙXL πολu άδuvα:τη,
KL'auOf6
cLVΙXL:Ι yiMka
kal:i~ra, ~B !Bθe?
p6s !n(e) :Ι y1n~ka
t:is y1~kaz JI11.I
4ro8tos, -1, -ο
ο yatrl5e
ο yatr6s
U.
πoιιι:rzo (πoιιdso)
:Ι karδyi
abrnatos, -1, -ο
~p:lk{nbtn08.-1, -ο c Υatrδs t:ls nom!z1 pos 1 karbya tis tne ρο1!
abinat1, kΥaftδ in(e)
e1
(the) vif'e, VCI8I&Ω Οοod ιιorn1rag, how are youi
Ησιι 18 your w1fe7
both ('a11 the two')
U_,
ourHer doc:tor th1nks ΙΜΙ her heart 1s very wcak, and that's dangerous.