7.2 Utilisation de S hinobi N injas : modélisation d’une question biologique
7.4.2 Exemple : 1U42(A) versus 1U36(A)
As 23 espécies de macroalgas marinhas do litoral cearense analisadas no presente trabalho apresentaram expressiva atividade antioxidante, muitas vezes até superior àquelas exibidas pelos produtos sintéticos. Entretanto, essa atividade foi distinta entre os filos Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta e Ochrophyta. As algas verdes apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante no sistema modelo -caroteno/ácido linoléico, as vermelhas foram mais efetivas na quelação do íon ferroso e as pardas exibiram maior capacidade para sequestrar o radical DPPH, maior poder de redução do ferro e maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos.
O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos foi o principal responsável pelas atividades de sequestro do radical DPPH, poder de redução do ferro e quelação de íon ferroso nas algas verdes e vermelhas. Nas algas pardas esses compostos só influenciaram na redução do ferro; as demais atividades provavelmente são resultantes da presença de outros compostos como pigmentos, polissacarídeos e/ou proteínas.
Muitas classes de metabólitos fenólicos com relevante atividade antioxidante parecem ocorrer nas 23 espécies de macroalgas marinhas analisadas. Os fenóis foram encontrados apenas nas algas pardas. Antocianinas, antocianidinas, chaconas, auronas e leucoantocianidinas foram encontradas em algumas espécies de algas vermelhas. Taninos, flavonas, flavonóis, xantonas, catequinas, flavanonas e flavanonóis foram observados nos filos Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta e Ochrophyta, com exceção da última classe que não foi detectada nas algas verdes.
Além dos compostos fenólicos, as macroalgas marinhas foram também boas fontes de outras moléculas com atividade antioxidante como luteína, - e -caroteno, sendo o primeiro majoritário nas espécies verdes e vermelhas, e vitamina E ( - e -tocoferol), sendo o isômero -, o mais abundante nas 23 espécies analisadas.
Diante das atividades exibidas pelos extratos algáceos e dos conteúdos dos compostos fenólicos, carotenóides e vitamina E presentes nas espécies analisadas é possível afirmar que as macroalgas marinhas do litoral cearense apresentam grande potencial para exploração de compostos bioativos com atividade antioxidante.
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