Since cell-cell contact with stimulated T lymphocytes is a major pathway inducing IL-1 and TNF in monocyte/macrophages, it is likely to be relevant to chronic inflammatory diseases at the local site of inflammation where these cells are in close vicinity. Attempts at identifying the cell-surface molecules - ligands and counter-ligands - involved in these processes are only at the initial stage, especially with regard to their hierarchy, the sequence of events and the possible cellular crosstalk. The elucidation of mechanisms by which the processes of monocyte-macrophage differentiation/maturation or monocyte immuno-modulation impairs the response of monocytic cells to activation by stimulated T lymphocytes, might shed light to molecular events distal to receptors that selectively control cytokine production. Furthermore, the caracterization at the molecular level of intracellular pathways that regulate the intricate relationships between T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages may give rise to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in chronic destructive, inflammatory diseases.
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