Sémaphorine 7A est une molécule de guidage axonale pour les neurones dopaminergiques en développement. Agissant à la fois sur le récepteur PlexinC1 et ß1-intégrine, tous deux présents dans l’ATV au cours du développement, son effet chémorépulsif se fait via le récepteur PlexinC1. Il a été montré dans la littérature que Séma7A permet de ségréguer les neurones de la voie nigrostriée et mésolimbique au niveau du striatum. Nous démontrons dans cette étude que Séma7A participe également à l’organisation de la voie mésocorticale. Sans cette molécule, on constate en effet des défauts de guidage vers les couches spécifiques du cortex. De telles anomalies peuvent conduire à des conséquences sur le comportement, dont une diminution de l’anxiété. Il serait intéressant de confirmer l’implication de la voie mésocorticale dans ces effets, en bloquant l’expression de Séma7A dans le cortex spécifiquement.
L’effet de la molécule Séma7A se manifeste in vitro par une réduction de l’arborisation dendritique et un effet chémorépulsif. Elle a aussi pour effet d’augmenter le diamètre des cônes de croissance, et leur nombre de filopodes in vitro. Les kinases de la famille des Src sont les médiatrices de ces effets. Activées en aval de PlexinC1 par sa liaison avec Séma7A, leur inactivation forcée empêche le développement de tous les effets morphologiques associés à la présence de la molécule chémorépulsive in vitro.
Afin de confirmer ce modèle in vivo, nous proposons de forcer l’inactivation des SFKs dans les neurones en développement de l’ATV, afin de vérifier si l’organisation de la voie mésocorticale qui en résulte se rapproche de celle obtenue sur le mutant Séma7A KO étudié. Des résultats préliminaires ont déjà été obtenus pour cette expérience, toutefois une optimisation du protocole, incluant la concentration virale et le volume injecté, est nécessaire afin d’obtenir un marquage similaire entre les conditions contrôle et expérimentale.
Enfin nous avons identifié que la protéine de liaison à l’actine cofiline est activée en aval de PlexinC1. Dans le cadre de notre étude et au vu du temps restreint dont nous avons disposé, nous n’avons pas eu le temps d’investiguer le comportement des cônes de croissance privés de l’inactivation de cette protéine. Par ailleurs, la place de cette dernière dans la voie de signalisation en aval de PlexinC1 n’est pas tout à fait élucidée. Puisqu’il semble que sa phosphorylation ne passe pas par les kinases de la famille des LIM, il serait nécessaire d’identifier les protéines responsables de cet effet.
Finalement notre étude aura permis d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances sur le système dopaminergique. Les niveaux d’intégration de notre étude sont multiples, puisque nous avons étudié à son niveau global le réseau mésocortical, puis au niveau cellulaire la morphologie du cône de croissance et enfin au niveau moléculaire les acteurs de la voie de signalisation en aval du récepteur PlexinC1. Par une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes guidant le développement du réseau dopaminergique, nous en apprenons plus sur la façon dont le cerveau se complexifie pour former des connexions régissant les comportements les plus fondamentaux de l’existence humaine.
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