Conclusions

(Tanabe et al., 1974). Nakabayashi et al. ont par la suite montré que l’acidité des particules de TiO2

était exacerbée par effet quantique quand la taille des particules est suffisamment petite, et que la formation de liaisons Ti-O-Si impliquait la formation de nouveaux sites acides non prédits par le modèle de Tanabe et al. (Nakabayashi et al., 1991, Nakabayashi, 1992). Nous verrons au Chapitre IV comment, au cours des études antérieures menées aux laboratoires LMGP et SIMaP, ces effets d’acidité ont permis d’augmenter fortement le potentiel des surfaces composites TiO2-SiO2 en vue d’applications pour des surfaces à nettoyabilité accrue.

VII. Conclusions

Ce chapitre résume les nombreux intérêts et applications des revêtements de TiO2 et notamment leur

application pour des surfaces autonettoyantes, ou plus rigoureusement, à nettoyabilité accrue. Ces applications sont basées sur deux phénomènes photo-induits, la photo-catalyse et la superhydrophilie photo-induite. Toutefois, la nettoyabilité accrue des surfaces de TiO2 nécessite une illumination aux UV permanente car la reconversion "hydrophilie-hydrophobie" survient rapidement en l’absence de rayonnement UV. Ainsi ce type de revêtement est particulièrement bien adapté pour des applications extérieures grâce à l’action des UV solaires. Leur utilisation en intérieur est possible mais nécessite un dispositif d’éclairage spécifique. Ce chapitre montre aussi que l’ajout de silice au TiO2 permet non seulement d’améliorer les propriétés photo-induites mais aussi dans certains cas de conserver la propriété superhydrophile pendant quelques jours en l’absence d’illumination UV, ce qui fait des

Chapitre I. Applications et propriétés du TiO2

31

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Chapitre II.

Élaboration de films composites

TiO

2

-SiO

2

par voie sol-gel

Sommaire

I. Élaboration de films minces par voie sol-gel ... 39

I.A. Principe du procédé sol-gel ... 40 I.A.1. Sol ... 40 I.A.2. Gélification et traitement thermique ... 42 I.B. Dépôt par spin coating... 43

II. Protocole d’élaboration des films composites TiO

-SiO

... 44

II.A. Élaboration des sols composites TiO2-SiO2 ... 44 II.B. Dépôt par spin-coating ... 46