Contrairement à la pensée générale, la canneberge est une plante très sensible aux variations de θa et donc, de teneur en eau du sol. Les résultats confirment qu’il existe effectivement un φm seuil pour lequel, l’aération (~0,18 m3.m-3 en moyenne dans la zone racinaire ce qui correspond à une hauteur de nappe dont le potentiel matriciel varie entre -2 et -2,5 kPa), et les teneurs en oxygène (qui diminuent pour des θa ˂0,13 m3.m-3 ce qui correspond à des hauteurs de nappes dont le potentiel matriciel est inférieur à -1,5 kPa) deviennent insuffisantes pour la respiration racinaire de la canneberge nuisant au développement physiologique de la plante. Pour des θa inférieures à ~0,18 m3.m-3, la plante réduit son activité et des baisses de rendement sont à prévoir. En outre, lorsque θa est inférieure à 0,13 m3.m-3 (0,06 m3.m-3 à 15 cm de profondeur), le milieu devient anoxique et des dommages irréversibles sont apparus, en particulier sur les tiges fructifères (rougeoiement des feuilles et tiges, activité photosynthétique nulle).
La réponse de la canneberge diffère alors selon les traitements les plus humides dont la nappe est plus proche de la surface, située entre -0,25 et -1,5 kPa et les traitements les plus secs dont la nappe se situait entre -5 et -6 kPa. Cette variation dans la réponse physiologique de la canneberge peut s’expliquer par le fait que plus les nappes sont proches de la surface, plus la θa (et donc l’espace porale rempli d’air et alimentant les racines en oxygène) est réduite et plus les flux de diffusion de l’oxygène deviennent insuffisants pour alimenter la totalité de la zone racinaire. L’information apportée par l’étude de l’aération corrélée à l’activité physiologique de la plante permet d’affirmer que les hauteurs de nappes doivent être rabaissées en moins d’une semaine, dès lors où elles deviennent supérieures à -3 kPa pour maintenir un bon développement physiologique de la plante sans affecter le rendement. Cependant, puisque les mesures ont été réalisées une fois par semaine, et que l’activité de la plante chute significativement dès la première semaine, il devrait être possible d’affiner cet intervalle de temps attribué à une baisse de l’activité de la plante. L’étude de Peuke et Jeschke (1993) démontrant l’approvisionnement amoindrie des racines en hydrates de carbone dès le premier jour d’anoxie racinaire pour le Ricin conforte l’idée d’un intervalle de temps plus court dans la réponse de la plante au phénomène d’asphyxie racinaire.
Enfin, il importe de souligner que les résultats obtenus sont fonction du sol sur lequel porte l’étude. La capacité de rétention de l’eau et ses propriétés hydrodynamiques diffèrent selon les propriétés texturales et structurales du sol. Par ailleurs, l’apport d’eau s’est fait uniquement par sub-irrigation tout au long de cette expérience sans tenir compte du changement de conductivité électrique ni de la gestion de la fertilisation. Sachant que les méthodes d’irrigation influencent φm et par conséquent la teneur en eau et en air près de la surface du sol, l’utilisation d’une sub-irrigation aura forcément un impact sur les cinétiques de dégradation et de transfert des substances chimiques dans le sol dont les normes fixées jusqu’à présent sont basées sur une
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régie d’irrigation par aspersion. L’étude des cinétiques de dégradation et l’impact des concentrations de substances chimiques sur le développement de la plante devraient être investigués avant d’entreprendre une nouvelle gestion de l’irrigation. Des études devraient être orientées pour étudier l’effet des teneurs en oxygène du sol sur la transformation des nutriments, les processus d’adsorption-désorption, les réactions de précipitation ainsi que les mécanismes de diffusion.
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