L'absence d'un contrôle par les facteurs chimiques sur la croissance et la structure algaie des tapis microbiens dans le haut Arctique canadien indique qu'une au-mentation des imissions de CO2 dans l'atmosphère n'aura pas d'effet direct sur le périphyton polaire. Cette absence d'une réponse des communautés benthiques face à un ajout de nutriments e n consistante avec les fortes
divers processus d'accumulation biogéochimiques (e.g., activité biologique), la matrice de mucopolymères qui ralentit la diaision moléculaire a l'intérieur des tapis et la présence d'une couche limite limitant la diffision des sels nutritifs vers l'eau du lac sont responsables de cene accumulation d'éléments chimiques dans les tapis.
La dynamique des tapis microbiens en Arctique serait contrôlée par des facteurs physiques tels que la température et la disponibilité de la lumière plutôt que par des facteurs chimiques. Ainsi. il serait intéressant d'évaluer les effets indirects des changements globaux sur les communautés pénphytiques des zones polaires comme une a~~mentation de la température à l'échelle planétaire et \a possibilité d'une diminution de l'ensoleillement associée avec une augmentation des masses nuageuses.
Les communautés benthiques formant une structure mucila+&euse et cohésive et qui sont dominées par les cy ano bactéries constituent un microhabitat distinct où vivent d'autres micro- organismes tels que diatomées, bactéries, protozoaires et métazoaires. Ceux-ci semblent profiter d'une protection offerte par la matrice mucilagineuse de rnucopol~saccharides et de protéines et ce, contre les facteurs de stress associés aux zones polaires (e.g., gel, rayonnement ultraviolet) et aussi de la disponibilité élevée en nutriments dans les tapis. La forte divergence entre les communautés benthique et planctonique en terme de composition taxonomique et de biodiversité reflète possiblement des différences du bilan de gains et de pertes, et des stress environnementaux qui affectent ces deux communautés.
Il serait important dans l'avenir d'élargir le spectre de connaissances sur le micro- environnement des tapis microbiens par l'étude de ces communautés de milieux aquatiques
retrouvées ailieurs dans l'archipel du haut Arctique canadien et même de d'autres régions à l'intérieur du cercle polaire arctique (e.g., Sibérie), mais aussi des régions tempérées. Ceci pourrait permettre de mieux orienter les études futures en limnologie afin d'adapter les méthodes traditionnelles utilisées pour évaluer les facteurs de contrôle pour le pénphyton. Les moyens a employer (e.g., enlèvement de certaines espèces des analyses) pourraient être ciblés plus facilement afin d'améliorer les relations statistiques dans les études paléolimnologiques utilisant les organismes qui vivent dans les tapis microbiens (e.g., diatomées) comme indicateurs des caractéristiques de la colonne d'eau.
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