Le but de cette thèse était la compréhension de la distribution en mer des prédateurs supérieurs ainsi que les liens qui existaient entre l’environnement et le comportement de ceux-ci. Cela nous a permis de mettre en évidence certaines variables importantes qui caractérisent la distribution des oiseaux. Nous avons poussé nos recherches en nous focalisant sur deux espèces présentes dans la zone ; le puffin du Pacifique et le pétrel de Barau, endémique de La Réunion. En ce qui concerne le puffin du Pacifique, nous avons montré les différences et les similitudes au sein de chaque colonie étudiée. La sélection de l’habitat était relativement proche avec des différences infimes. En revanche, des différences ont été relevées au niveau de la phénologie, de l’activité en mer et de la distribution. Avec la connaissance des variables importantes qui caractérisent la distribution du Pétrel de Barau pendant l’hivernage, nous avons pu prédire la distribution future de cette espèce. Nous avons mis en évidence un décalage vers le sud à l’horizon 2100. La modélisation que nous avons utilisée devrait être élargie à l’ensemble des prédateurs marins supérieurs ; cela permettrait de mieux connaître leur écologie et de mettre en évidence des zones potentielles de sauvegarde pour ces espèces. Ainsi, il sera possible de mettre en œuvre une meilleure gestion de ces organismes emblématiques du milieu marin et pouvoir protéger cet environnement océanique complexe.
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