Methodological axes
Chapter 2. Data and Methods
2.5 Methods of analysis
2.5.9 Changes in the life course trajectories around the move
O estudo abordou um conjunto de metodologias atuais para o desenvolvimento de uma Startup. Algumas definições são apresentadas para este tipo de empreendimento, destacando a importância econômica e a habilidade de atrair investimentos devido à grande possibilidade de retorno oferecida apesar da alta taxa de falhas presente nos mesmos.
São discutidas as práticas de Lean Startup e sua inovação na diminuição do desperdício dos recursos da Startup. Esse objetivo é alcançado com a adoção de práticas que diminuem o ciclo de vida dos produtos de software e criação de rotinas que estimulem o aprendizado. Em relação ao gerenciamento e ciclo de vida do produto, é apresentada a prática de desenvolvimento de clientes, que fornece ao empreendedor técnicas para entender o mercado e as necessidades do segmento de clientes do produto. A técnica de Business
Model Canvas apresenta um modelo para facilitar a análise e a experimentação
do modelo de negócio. Assim, permite explorar e visualizar variáveis importantes acerca do crescimento do negócio de maneira simples.
A pesquisa busca contribuir no entendimento dessas práticas, principalmente na forma como os empreendedores as enxergam, implementam em seu cotidiano e criticam-nas. Quando são apresentados às metodologias de validação a serem aplicadas antes de iniciar qualquer desenvolvimento do produto, fica visível a dependência que eles possuem em criar um produto. Na visão do empreendedor é preferível dispor um produto no mercado, sendo esta a maior validação.
A técnica de Business Model Canvas, amplamente utilizada no mercado, também é bastante criticada pelos empreendedores. Apesar de admitirem o grande potencial comunicativo, acreditam necessitar de práticas mais complexas após o início de seus empreendimentos. Outro aspecto criticado na
prática é que a mesma é muito simples e só traz benefícios para empreendedores iniciantes (construindo seu primeiro empreendimentos) ou sem conhecimento na área de negócios.
Os empreendedores guiam o desenvolvimento de seus produtos baseados na prática de coleta de feedbacks. Entretanto, a metodologia é aplicada passivamente, pois clientes e utilizadores do produto recorrem até às
Startups para reportar falhas e necessidades. Os empreendedores afirmam
não possuírem uma cultura de efetuar coletas de forma ativa. Além disso, criticam esta prática pela necessidade de coletar dados de um grande grupo amostral para refletir com veracidade o mercado.
Futuros trabalhos podem utilizar os dados aqui descobertos e analisá-los a fundo, separada e independentemente da metodologia. Pode-se, por exemplo, investigar uma diminuição ainda mais severa do ciclo de vida dos produtos, para que empreendedores possam produzir de maneira ainda mais rápida, usando gradativamente menos recursos.
Devido às críticas fornecidas ao Business Model Canvas, estudos também podem utilizar metodologias para criação de modelos de negócio e propor melhorias focadas nas críticas dos empreendedores.
Dada a grande utilização do feedback como forma passiva, estudos posteriores podem oferecer técnicas e meios para aumentar a captação de opiniões e facilitar a sua análise. Outros trabalhos também poderiam aproveitar o fato dos empreendedores não efetuarem pesquisas ativamente (por não acreditarem que o espaço amostral representa o mercado) e então propor técnicas de pesquisa para serem utilizadas em grupos menores, fornecendo um retorno confiável ao empreendedor.
Espera-se que o presente estudo auxilie outros pesquisadores envolvidos com o tema a propor soluções e estudos que propiciem a compreensão do comportamento dos empreendedores nas Startups. O tema deve ser insistentemente discutido tanto no meio acadêmico quanto no mercado de trabalho dado o grande potencial econômico existente neste tipo de instituição.
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