! 6+!>A+,B!H.!2A3,.!I3+H.!H.!>9B!B+,!/_7'c6!.3!/_7'c6!?.,,AJ-9-,.!H92B!/.!>9H,.!H.!/9! ,ILA,C.!H.B!,.3,9-3.B)!2A+B!9JA2B!-H.23-L-I!>.,39-2B!I>+.-/B!MA+,!/.BV+./B!2A+B!BA+D9-3-A2B! M,AMAB.,!M/+B-.+,B!,.>ACC92H93-A2B0!! 'A3,.!M,.C-b,.!,.>ACC92H93-A2!,.MAB.!B+,!/_+3-/-B93-A2!H.B!,IB.9+]!BA>-9+]0!$_7'c6!9! >,II!H.B!>ACM3.B!B+,!+2!SA2!2ACS,.!H.!,IB.9+]!BA>-9+]!w!(U-33.,)!?9>.SAAp)!&A+3+S.)! 52B39F,9C)!S/AF!M.,BA22./!H.!$9+,.23!%B>+,.!W)!C9-B!/9!B3,93IF-.!H_+3-/-B93-A2!H.!>D9V+.! >929/!2_.B3!V+.!3,AM!M.+!HIL-2-.!.3!>./9!2.!L9JA,-B.!M9B!/9!/-B-S-/-3I!H.B!C.BB9F.B0!%2!.LL.3)! >D9V+.! >ACC+2-V+I! -2B3-3+3-A22./! .B3! M9,! .].CM/.! ,./9;I! B+,! >D9>+2! H.! >.B! >ACM3.B0! #A+,!9+3923)!H.B!>929+]!>ACC.!&A+3+S.!A+!52B39F,9C!HA-J.23!u3,.!9+!B.,J->.!H.!/_-C9F.! M/+3E3!V+_9+!B.,J->.!H.!/_-2B3-3+3-A22./0!52B39F,9C)!V+-!HA-3!M9,3->-M.,!9+!HIJ./AMM.C.23! H.!/_7'c6!9+M,bB!H.!/9!S9B.!C-/-3923.!M/+3E3!N.+2.)!H.J,9-3!u3,.!+3-/-BI!MA+,!/.B!J-HIAB! 3ICA-F29F.B)! ,./9-! H.B! C92-L.B393-A2B)! -23.,J-.UB! H.B! >9H,.B! M.,C92.23B)! HA23! 2A+B! M9,/-A2B!M,I>IH.CC.230!(U-33.,!HA-3!B.,J-,!a!/_-2B392392I)!u3,.!/.!,./9-!H.B!HI>/9,93-A2B! -CMA,3923.B)!H.B!C.CS,.B!MA/-3-V+.B!A+!H.B!>9H,.B!M.,C92.23B)!.3!M9,!>A2BIV+.23!9BB+,.,! /_-2LA,C93-A2!a!/9!>ACC+29+3I!.]3.,2.!W!CIH-9B!.3!MA/-3-V+.B!W0!?9>.SAAp)!a!/_-2J.,B.)! M.+3!u3,.!/.!>929/!M,-J-/IF-I!MA+,!/.!,./9-!H.!>ACC+2-V+IB)!H.!MI3-3-A2B)!H_-2J-393-A2B!a! H.B!IJI2.C.23B)!H.!H-B>+BB-A2B!9J.>!/9!S9B.!C-/-3923.0!%2L-2)!-/!>A2J-.23!H.!HIJ./AMM.,! /9!M9F.!&A+3+S.!9J.>!H9J9239F.!H_9SA22IB!.3!H.!J-HIAB0!#A+,!9+3923)!2A3A2B!V+.!/.!S/AF! M.,BA22./!H.!$9+,.23!%B>+,.)!/-.+!L9JA,-BI!MA+,!/.B!3,-S+2.B)!.B3!3,bB!S-.2!+3-/-BI!C9/F,I! B9!>,I93-A2!,I>.23.0!! !
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! RG! .23.2H+.B0! d.33.! ,.>ACC92H93-A2! M.,C.33,9! H.! ,.2H,.! /.B! 9>3-A2B! H.! /_7'c6! M/+B! J-B-S/.B)!>9,!M/+B!-23.//-F-S/.B0!! ! 892B!/9!>A23-2+-3I!H.!>.33.!,.>ACC92H93-A2)!2A+B!M,AMABA2B!a!/_7'c6!H.!HIJ./AMM.,)! A+!H+!CA-2B!H.!>AA,HA22.,!H9J9239F.!BA2!.]M.,3-B.!3,92BMA,3B!MA+,!9BB.A-,!B9!/IF-3-C-3I! .2!3923!V+.!B;2H->93!,.M,IB.2393-L!9+!B.-2!H.!/9!S,92>D.!H.B!CAS-/-3IB!.3!H.B!3,92BMA,3B0!%2! .LL.3)!/9!BIM9,93-A2!.23,.!/_7'c6!?.,,AJ-9-,.!.3!/_7'c6!(,92BMA,3B!2+-3!a!/9!/-B-S-/-3I!H.B! 9>3-A2B)! H_9+3923! M/+B! V+.! >.B! H.+]! S,92>D.B! BA23! 3,bB! S-.2! ,.M,IB.23I.B! 9+! B.-2! H.! /_A,F92-B93-A20! 5/! B_9F-,9-3! HA2>! ->-! H.! M.2B.,! /9! >ACC+2->93-A2! H.B! H.+]! B3,+>3+,.B! >ACC.!/9!,IB+/3923.!H_+2!CuC.!.2B.CS/.0!!
!
%2L-2)!2A3,.!H.,2-b,.!,.>ACC92H93-A2!MA,3.,9!B+,!/.!HIJ./AMM.C.23!H+!/ASS;-2F!9+!B.-2! H.B! A,F92-B93-A2B! B;2H->9/.B! B.>3A,-.//.B)! M/+B! V+_9+! 2-J.9+! 293-A29/0! $_7'c6! ?.,,AJ-9-,.!9!L9-3!/.!>DA-]!H.!2.!M9B!>,I.,!H.!>A239>3B!H.!/A2F!3.,C.!9+!B.-2!H.B!-2B3-3+3-A2B! /IF-B/93-J.B)! .3! H.! B.! L-].,! .2! LA2>3-A2! H.B! A,-.2393-A2B! H.B! ,ILA,C.B! M,AMABI.B0! 'I92CA-2B)!2A+B!M.2BA2B!V+.!>.33.!B3,93IF-.!M.+3!9JA-,!H.B!/-C-3.B)!2A39CC.23!J-BWaWJ-B! H+!MAB-3-A22.C.23!9MA/-3-V+.0!%2!.LL.3)!>./9!M.+3!L9>-/.C.23!u3,.!N+FI!AMMA,3+2-B3.!H.!/9! M9,3!H.B!9+3,.B!B;2H->93B)!>.,3.B)!C9-B!9+BB-!H.!/9!M9,3!H.B!MA/-3-V+.B!H.!/_AMMAB-3-A2!w!3A+3! SA,H!MA/-3-V+.!>A2LA2H+!W0!6!/A2F!3.,C.)!AB>-//.,!.23,.!3.//.!A+!3.//.!S,92>D.!MA/-3-V+.! M.+3!2.!M9B!B_9JI,.,!SI2IL-V+.!MA+,!/9!>A2L-92>.!H.B!HI>-H.+,B!M+S/->B0!8_9+3,.!M9,3)!2.! M9B!.2F9F.,!H.!,./93-A2B!a!/A2F!3.,C.!MI29/-B.,9!')#B')"!/_9>3-A2!H.!/ASS;-2F)!>ACM3.W3.2+! H+! 3.CMB! 2I>.BB9-,.! MA+,! >,I.,! +2.! 2A+J.//.! ,./93-A2! H.! >A2L-92>.! 9J.>! /.B! 2A+J.9+]! 9>3.+,B)!H_9+3923!M/+B!V+.!/9!M,AL.BB-A2!.B3!.2>A,.!.2!JA-.!H.!HIJ./AMM.C.23!.2!-23.,2.0!! !
%2!>A2>/+B-A2)!>.B!,.>ACC92H93-A2B!,.MAB.23!B+,!/.!>A2B393!B./A2!/.V+./!/.B!H-B>-M/-2.B! H.! /9! >ACC+2->93-A2! .3! H+! /ASS;-2F! A23! /A2F3.CMB! I3I! >,-3-V+I.B! .2! -23.,2.! M9,! /.B! B;2H->93B)! L9-B923! CuC.! M9,3-.! H.B! I/IC.23B! H.! /92F9F.! a! /_.]3.,2.! a! /_.2>A23,.! H.B! HI>-H.+,B!M+S/->B!N+FIB!>ACC.!H.B!>ACC+2->923B!9J923!3A+30!6!3,9J.,B!>.!CICA-,.)!2A+B! 9JA2B!M+!>A2B393.,!V+.!>.B!H.+]!H-B>-M/-2.B!I39-.23!H.!M/+B!.2!M/+B!9>>.M3I.B!.3!L9JA,-BI.B! 9+! B.-2! H.B! A,F92-B93-A2B! B;2H->9/.B)! C9-B! V+_.//.B! ,.B39-.23! 2I92CA-2B! .2! JA-.! H.! HIJ./AMM.C.230! 'AB! ,.>ACC92H93-A2B! ,.MAB.23! HA2>! .BB.23-.//.C.23! B+,! H.B! 9].B! H.! >AA,H-293-A2)! H.! M,AL.BB-A229/-B93-A2)! .3! H.! CAH.,2-B93-A2! H.! /9! >ACC+2->93-A2! B;2H->9/.0!!
! RF!
Conclusion
'A+B! 2A+B! I3-A2B! HA2>! H.C92HIB! .2! -23,AH+>3-A2! V+./B! I39-.23! /.B! 2A+J.9+]! ,.BBA,3B! H_-2L/+.2>.! H+! CA2H.! B;2H->9/! H92B! /.! B.>3.+,! H.B! 3,92BMA,3B! .3! H.B! CAS-/-3IB! H92B! /.! >9H,.! H.! /9! ,ILA,C.! H.B! ,.3,9-3.B0! #A+,! >.33.! ,.>D.,>D.)! 2A+B! I3-A2B! 9C.2IB! a! 2A+B! -23.,,AF.,! H_+2.! M9,3! B+,! /.! MAB-3-A22.C.23! B3,93IF-V+.! .3! /9! M,AL.BB-A229/-B93-A2! H.B! M,93-V+.B! H.! /9! >ACC+2->93-A2! H92B! /.! CA2H.! B;2H->9/0! #9,! /9! B+-3.)! 2A+B! 9JA2B! V+.B3-A22I! /.! MA-HB! H+! >A//.>3-L! H92B! /.! /ASS;-2F! B;2H->9/0! %2L-2)! 2A+B! 2A+B! BACC.B! H.C92HI.! B-! /.B! 9>3-A2B! H-3.B! >/9BB-V+.B! H.B! B;2H->93B! H.J9-.23)! A+! MA+J9-.23)! u3,.! ,.M.2BI.B!BA+B!+2!M,-BC.!M/+B!>A23.CMA,9-20!!
!
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Bibliographie
Ouvrages
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