Analysis and discussion

Network access tests were conducted from http reverse proxy of the public DMZ to the web server and the client to the http relay public DMZ.

These tests were conclusive and confirmed that the architecture is functional.

6. Analysis and discussion

After the design of the physical architecture of the data center, it landed the deployment problem of all servers within a physical server. With virtualization, we were able to establish a functional virtualization environment for deploying BJNet data center servers.

Indeed, the choice of the use of virtualization within the operating system allows to enjoy the lightness of zones and their cost in resources, but also to take advantage of complementary technologies provided by the distributions based on illumos (in this instance OpenIndiana). Also, the proposed network architecture meets the constraints set by the work environment and makes servers accessible from outside of the datacenter network.

Thus, the environment set up is ready for deployment in production, but is also extensible. Indeed, one can easily add servers on each network: the addressing plan includes this and you just create a zone (by cloning the template zone) and his VNIC and connect to the target network switch; or better yet, just add a new network.

However, we have identified some areas that could be further developed.

First, the number of zones deployed here is low, the creation of such zones was done manually and routing was done statically; but if the number of zones is high, then it would make it more dynamic creation and routing

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within the zones. This will include creating scripts to automate the configuration and the installation of zones; and by using an appropriate dynamic routing protocol (OSPF, RIP, etc.).

Then, in the context of this study, we have created areas with hardware features by default. However, the data center is expected to provide services to a number of users which is going to increase, it would be wise to conduct a study on the material needs of the services to be provided in order to define the resources allocated to an area.

Then, using VirtualBox adds complexity to the designed architecture and adds a new layer of virtualization and thus a drop in performance that can be detrimental if many OS should be well deployed. SmartOS, which is a very good alternative to OpenIndiana if you want to virtualize different operating systems, has not been used in our work for the integration of KVM is only supported by Intel VT-x benefiting from technology and EFA. However, a community working for a while on a version of SmartOS that integrates KVM support on AMD processors. It would be interesting to test and base architecture of the environment on it.

Finally, we propose, to the extent possible, increase the number of servers in the cluster and to have shared storage (NAS or SAN) in order to relocate some important services, increase service redundancy and increase the availability of the data center.

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Conclusion

This project allowed us to use virtualization to design an environment that will allow the establishment of BJNet data center.

Virtualization is indeed a technology, which among other benefits provides that enable the deployment of multiple servers (even running different OS) on fewer servers, or even one. The project data center BJNet aims to provide services such as DNS, mail hosting websites to defense structures of the University and Administration it interconnects. He was faced with the problem of deployment of multiple servers in four networks on a single physical machine. We compared the various techniques of virtualization and have given the material available and the constraints of this case study, selected the suitable techniques: that of virtualization within an OS combined with that of full virtualization. The successful OS was OpenIndiana and type 2 hypervisor was VirtualBox. We then chose the tools that will be installed on each server and have built virtual architecture of the data center. It includes virtual network adapters, switches and routers areas. We have also made recommendations that can help to effectively deploy the necessary areas. The simulation performed allowed us to demonstrate the effective operation of our environment.

In further studies, we propose to study the resource demands of the tools to set up on the servers in order to size the resources to be allocated to virtual machines to create. Another perspective would be to study the increase in the availability of the data center by adding shared storage or integration of high-availability cluster tools.

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SOMMAIRE ... i

DEDICACES ... ii

REMERCIEMENTS ... iii

LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ... v

LISTE DES TABLEAUX ... viii

LISTE DES FIGURES ...ix

RESUME ... x

ABSTRACT ...xi

INTRODUCTION GENERALE ... 1

1. Contexte, justification et problématique ... 2

2. Objectifs ... 3

CHAPITRE 1 : ETUDE DE L’EXISTANT ... 5

1.1 Présentation du projet BJNet ... 6

1.2 Intérêt de la mise en place d’un centre de données ... 6

1.3 Architecture physique du centre de données de BJNet ... 7

1.4 Les contraintes liées au centre de données de BJNet ... 12

CHAPITRE 2 : LA VIRTUALISATION ... 13

2.1 Concepts de la virtualisation ... 14

2.2 Domaines de la virtualisation ... 16

2.3 Différentes techniques de virtualisation système ... 18

2.3.1 Approches centrées sur les applications ... 19

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2.3.1.1 L’émulation ... 19

2.3.1.2 Le cloisonnement (virtualisation au sein d’un OS) ... 20

2.3.2 Approches centrées sur les systèmes ... 21

2.3.2.1 Le cloisonnement (virtualisation au sein d’un OS) ... 21

2.3.2.2 La virtualisation complète ... 22

2.3.2.3 La paravirtualisation ... 23

2.3.2.4 La virtualisation assistée par le matériel ... 24

2.4 Avantages de la virtualisation... 24

2.5 Limites à la virtualisation ... 25

CHAPITRE 3 : CHOIX DE LA SOLUTION DE VIRTUALISATION ... 26

3.1 Présentation des caractéristiques de la machine hôte ... 27

3.2 Choix des techniques de virtualisation adéquates ... 30

3.2.1 Comparaison entre les techniques de virtualisation ... 30

3.2.1.1 La virtualisation au sein d’un OS ou cloisonnement ... 30

3.2.1.2 La virtualisation complète ... 31

3.2.1.3 La paravirtualisation ... 32

3.2.2 Techniques de virtualisation choisies ... 33

3.3 Solution de virtualisation retenues pour le centre de données ... 35

3.4 Choix des outils à utiliser sur les serveurs ... 37

3.4.1 Le serveur DNS ... 38

3.4.2 Le serveur web ... 38

3.4.3 Le relais inverse HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) ... 38

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3.4.4 Le serveur mail ... 39

3.4.5 Le relais SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ... 39

3.4.6 Le relais POP/IMAP ... 40

3.4.7 Le serveur de bases de données ... 40

3.4.8 Les pare-feux ... 40

CHAPITRE 4 : ARCHITECTURE VIRTUELLE DU CENTRE DE DONNEES ET RECOMMANDATIONS DE DEPLOIEMENT ... 42

4.1 Architecture de l’environnement virtuel ... 43

4.2 Définition des recommandations pour le déploiement ... 50

4.2.1 Plan d’adressage des zones ... 50

4.2.2 Déploiement et configuration de OpenIndiana ... 52

4.2.3 Création des machines virtuelles ... 52

CHAPITRE 5 : SIMULATION ET TESTS ... 56

5.1 Présentation de l’environnement de simulation ... 57

5.2 Tests effectués ... 61

5.2.1 Tests d’accès au serveur web du centre de données critiques à partir du relais inverse HTTP de la DMZ publique ... 61

5.2.2 Test d’accès au relais inverse HTTP de la DMZ publique à partir du client ... 62

CHAPITRE 6 : ANALYSE ET DISCUSSION ... 64

CONCLUSION ET PERSPECTIVES ... 68

BIBLIOGRAPHIE ... 69

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ANNEXES ... 77

ANNEXE A : Les défis de la virtualisation sur l’architecture x86 ... 78

ANNEXE B : Commandes utilisées pour la mise en place de l’environnement de simulation ... 81

ANNEXE C : Diagramme de séquence de l’émission d’une requête HTTP jusqu’à la génération de la réponse ... 88

GLOSSAIRE ... 89

ENGLISH VERSION ... 91

Introduction ... 92

1. Architecture of the datacenter of BJNet ... 93

2. Overview of the virtualization ... 94

2.1 Definition and domains of virtualization ... 94

2.2 Different techniques of system’s virtualization ... 95

2.3 Benefits and drawbacks of virtualization ... 96

3. Choice of the virtualization offer to use ... 96

4. Virtual architecture of the datacenter ... 97

5. Simulation... 98

6. Analysis and discussion ... 99

Conclusion ... 101

TABLES DES MATIERES ... 102