from October 8th to 16th 1991 and October 26th to November 4th 1991
from October 8th to 16th 1991 and October 26th to November 4th 1991
Sommaire et conclusion
Status of the Philippine Natural Rubber Industry Chart of the Philippines
Acknowledgements
Mission report of Mr H. de Livonniere (from October 8th to 16th 1991) Mission schedule
1. General background
1.1. Market consumption 1.2. Market production 2. Situation in the Philippines
3. Main objectives of this present mission 4. Collection of informations
4.1. Land Bank of the Philippines Assistance
4.2. Development Bank of the Philippines Assistance
4.3. Makilala Rubber Growers Cooperative Integrated, Co (MARGICO) 4.4. BERCO Machine Shop, Kidapawan, Cotabato
4.5. Cabacungan Machine Shop, Makilala, Cotabato
4.6. Cabacungan Hydropowered Processing Plant, Bulatukan, Makilala 4.7. Malasila Makilala Rubber Industry Co
4.8. Malasila Marketing Cooperatives, Makilala, Cotabato 4.9. Rubber Wood Sawmill, Makilala, Cotabato
4.10. Interview with Mayor R. Taleno, Carmen, Cotabato 4.11. PICRI site
4.12. Lecture on rubber quality 5. Quality control laboratory
5.1. Introduction 5.2. Building 5.3. Manpower 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5.5. Production/Management concerns
Annex 1 : Attendance : Lecture on Natural Rubber Quality
Annex 2 : List of Officials/scientists/growers/processors/institutions visited Annex 3 : List of abbreviations
Mission report of Mr J.C. Touron, from October 26th to November 4th 1991 1. Aim of the mission
2. Mission schedule
3. Report on the visit to USM
3.1. Building - Philippine Standard Rubber Testing Laboratory 3.2. For expert's residence
3.3. Meeting with Chemistry Group 3.4. Study tour/IRRDB
4. Conclusion
Annex 1 : People identified and met Annex 2 : List of chemicals
Annex 3 : List of equipment
Annex 4 : List of suppling and various apparatus
16 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
SOMMAIRE ET CONCLUSION
Ces deux missions se situent dans la perspective d'une mise en place de l'opération d'assistance technique, demandée
à
la France par le Gouvemement des Philippines, dans le domaine du caoutchouc naturel.Cette operation se fera au PICRI sur le campus de l'Universite du Sud de Mindanao. Son financement d'origine françaisea pu être obtenu grâce
à
!'intervention de l'attaché commercial auprès de l'Ambassade de France. L'operation comportera deux volets :- amelioration de la qualite du caoutchouc produit par les Philippines, - agronomie.
L'amelioration de la qualite du caoutchouc des Philippines passe par la mise en place d'un laboratoire de controle susceptible d'effectuer des analyses de caoutchouc brut, en conformite avec la norme ISO 2000 ainsi que d'autres mesures: consistance Mooney et caracteristiques de vulcanisation. Le laboratoire sera installe sur des bâtiments identifies
à
l'occasion d'une précédente mission effectuée par M. Roudeix, IRCA, en Mai 1991.Ces deux missions ont permis de dresser un état des lieux, de rencontrer uncertain nombre de partenaires intéressés par le developpement de l'hévéaculture
à
Manille comme dans l'île de Mindanao, et de travailler sur l'amenagement du batiment d'accueil du laboratoire ainsi que de la maison destinée aux experts !RCA.La partie agronomique se situera au niveau de l'amelioration des rendements chez les petits planteurs. Les objectifs et le programme seront definis
à
l'occasion d'une mission qui devra avoir lieu dans le courant de l'année 1993.Le projet aura une durée de deux ans, partagée entre 6 mois d'expert technologue et 18 mois d'expert agronome.
Les rapports des auteurs ont été rédigés sur place avec les partenaires philippins : Mrs Del Rozario et Mrs Bougarine et présentés en fin de mission aux autorites de tutelle françaiseset philippines.
Après cette page de sommaire, le lecteur trouvera une page d'introduction rédigée par l'USM
à
l'occasion des réunions IRRDB de Décembre 1991 sur l'hévéaculture aux Philippines ainsi qu'une carte situant les differentes zones heveicoles, puis les rapports en anglais de : H. de Livonniere presente au DOST le 15 Octobre 1991 et J.C. Touron, presente le 30 Octobre 1991à
l'USM.En conclusion de ces missions, le programme de 1992 comprendra : - amenagement du laboratoire: PICRI-USM avec assistance IRCA - amenagement du logement des experts: PICRI-USM
- commande des equipements IRCA, DOST, PICRI, USM, PCARRD - acheminement du materiel entre Juin et Septembre 1992
- installation : debut en Octobre 1992.
Deux missions de M. Touron, expert technologue, sont programmees en Fevrier et Octobre 1992. Une mission en agronomie se fera
a
une datea
determiner. A la suite de cette mission, sera designe l'expert agronome qui succedera en Fevrier 1993a
!'expert technologue.Le contrat correspondant
a
ce projet a ete prepare au cours des missions et sera signe une fois connus avec precision la liste et le cout des equipements.STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATURAL
R
UBBER INDUSTRYRubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg.)was introduced into the Philippines in 1906. To date, about 80,000 hectares of more than one million hectares ofland with potential for rubber production is planted and about 75% of which is productive. Plantations are concentrated mainly in Mindanao, the only part of the country where the soil and climate are suited for rubber growing. Rubber manufacturers, however, are mostly based in Metro Manila.
The national average production per hectare is estimated at 1.2 metric tons dry rubber annually and the bulk of the local production is used domestically. About 13,000,000 NK of natural rubber latex, natural rubber and similar natural gums were exported in 1989.
There are big and small rubber plantations in the Philippines. The big plantations are predominantly engaged in integrated operation, that is, production - processing - marketing. By and large, the smallholders are merely producers of raw rubber products. Cover cropping is used in big estates, while in small rubber holdings. short-term crops are planted between the rows of young unproductive rubber trees.
Past and present R&D efforts have been devoted primarily on adaptive research and verification of technologies developed from advanced rubber-producing countries. While similar efforts along this line will still be pursued in the future, greater emphasis will be focused on the generation of appropriate income-enhancing technologies, particularly crop improvement,. processing, and manufacture of industrial products coupled with an aggressive manpower development program and improvement of facilities. With the membership of the Philippines to the International Rubber Research and Development Board (IRRDB), these objectives can be achieved in the near future.
Complementing the R&D thrust and to hasten the expansion of the area planted to rubber, the government, through the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), extends production loans to farmers' cooperatives and associations. Llkewise, to upgrade the quality of natural rubber primary processed products, the country intends to put up a quality control laboratory at the University of Southern Mindanao (USM). The recent French mission assured the Philippines of its assistance to this project.
Another boost to the industry is the organization of the Philippine Rubber Industry Association (PRIA), which covers the cross-section of the industry: the producers, processors, and manufacturers of industrial rubber products. Llkewise, government agencies, namely, Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research (DA-BAR), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD), Department of Trade and Industry-Bureau of Product Standards (DTI-BPS), and the USM, have coordinated their efforts with PRIA and ushered the acceptance recently of the Philippines as a new member to the Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC). This membership to the association will promote Philippine rubber in the world market.
122
°
126°
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank particularly : - S.E. The Ambassador, J. Gaussot
- Mrs C. Castagnet-Melchior, Commercial Counsellor at the French Embassy - Mrs B. Del Rosario, PCARRD
- Dr Gloria undersecretary DOST - Dr Kundo E. Pahm, Rector of USM
- Dr Rosemarie B. Bugarin, Dean of the Arts and Sciences College - Dr Angelina Bautista
MISSION REPORT IN THE PHILIPPINES H. de Livonniere
8 October (Tuesday) 9 October (Wednesday) 10 October (Thursday) 11 October (Friday) 12 October (Saturday) MISSION SCHEDULE (8 October - 16 October 1991) - Arrival
- Visit to the French embassy where we met Mr G. Maurillon and Mme Melchior.
- Meeting at DOST with :
Secretary Ceferino L. Follosco (DOST) Undersecretary R. T. Gloria (DOST) Dr. B. P. del Rosario (PCARRD) Dr. C. R. Escafio (PCARRD) Mr. G. Benard (IRHO-CIRAD)
Mme. C. Melchior (French Embassy, Commercial Section) Mr. G. Maurillon (French Embassy, Scientific & Cultural Section)
Ms. J. Eusebio (PCARRD) Ms. M. Sisteberio (PCARRD) - lunch hosted by DOST
- Meeting with Mr. E. Ching (PRIA) - Cocktail hosted by Mme. C. Mechior
- leave for USM via Cotabato (by air), where we were picked up by Dr. E. Alcala (USM)
- dinner hosted by USM officials - stay at USM guesthouse
- visit to and discussion with financing institutions (Land Bank, Ms. F. Macanas; Development Bank-Mr. Bambeo)
- visit to Makilala Rubber Growers Integrated Cooperative, Inc. (MARGICO) and discussion with Mr. Glicerio Hilario, Jr.
- visit Rubber Quality Testing Laboratory, USM (renovation of existing building by Engr. B. Fortinez - on-going
- discussion with Dr. R. Bugarin's group. - stay at USM guesthouse
- visit to smallholders, medium holders and tappers at Carmen, Cotabato
- discussion with Mayor R. Talefio, Carmen, Cotabato - visit of the proposed PICRI site
- visit of BER CO machine shop, Kidapawan (Manager: A. Bernardo) v1s1t of Cabacungan Processing Plant, Makilala (owner: Mr. H. Cabacungan), hydro powered and uses rice hulls as energy for drying
- visit of Malasila, Makilala Cooperative Industries (MMCI), small producers of gaskets and other rubber products
13 October (Sunday)
14 October (Monday)
15 October (Tuesday)
16 October (Wednesday)
- visit of Malasila Marketing Cooperative, Makilala (hydro powered; uses rice hulls as energy for drying)
- visit of a rubber wood sawmill (owner: A Cagape) - visit of USM rubber experiment
- lunch hosted by Mr. A Balagot (Le Reve) - dinner hosted by USM Pres.,Pres. Pahm
- meeting with USM rubber team regarding Rubber Master Plan - stay at USM guesthouse
- visit proposed scientist housing, USM - report writing
- lecture on rubber quality at USM guesthouse (25 participants including financial institutions)
- dinner hosted by USM - stay at USM guesthouse
- meeting with the USM President, Pres. Pahm
- visit to a rubber quality testing laboratory (RQTL) (regarding refinements)
- leave for Manila - stay in Manila
- de briefing at DOST, Bicutan, Metro Manila (Sec. C. L. Follosco, Usec. R. T. Gloria, Mme. C. Melchior (French Embassy), Dr. B. P.del Rosario (PCARRD), Dr. C.R. Escano (PCARRD), Dr. A. Lulu (DA), Pres. K. Pahm (USM/PICRI), Mr. G. Benard (CIRAD-IRHO),
Engr. D. Alagcan (PCARRD)
- preparation of a draft contract with Dr. B. P. del Rosario, Engr. Alagcan, Mr. Benard at DOST, Bicutan
- meeting with Mme. Melchior - meeting with Dr. W. Dar - stay in Manila
-meeting with the French Ambassador, Olivier Gaussot - leave for Bangkok
1 -GENERAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Market Consumption
The World Market for elastomers was 15M ton in 1990. It can be shared in three parts - Natural Rubber
- General purposes elastomers - Special application elastomers
) )
5 M tons 10 M tons
The main uses of Natural Rubber are the following :
+ Tyre 70%
+ Latex product 8%
+ Footwear 5%
+ High tech application 8%
+ Miscellaneous 9%
- This market has been kept in hand by NR because of specific properties issued from its natural origin and polyisoprene structure.
1.2 Market Production
The World production of Natural Rubber is shared as follows :
- Malaysia # Thailand # Indonesia 1.2M T 29%
- Other Asian Countries 14%
-Africa 7%
- Latin America 1 %
The main qualities of Natural Rubber are: Sheets = RSS TSR Centrifuged Latex Others 2. SITUATION IN PHILIPPINES 33% 51% 7.5% 2.5%
The present data and comments are based on a master plan which is being prepared and the author's mission reports of 1987 and 1989.
- Area under plantation - Estimated yearly production
- Local consumption - Quality produced
: 81,000 ha, with 50,000 ha tappable : 120,000
: 60,000 tons VJJl vtJ
: RSS,ADS Pale crepes, TSR 5, TSR 10, TSR 20, 2 x brown crepe, i.e. top grades and very poor ones.
The processing methods are very different i.e. coagulation, milling conditions, drying conditions There is no rule for balling conditions and no quality control except for some processors who have special requirement from their customers.
A great amount of the smallholders production is exported in humid form and processed abroad.
With a few exceptions, tapping collection and storage of the raw humid materials are poor : storage of the lumps in waters or on the ground will involve a poor quality rubber
Exportation towards the international market with a profitable price will be only possible if the Philippines rubber can be sold with a national quality label based on international standards. For this purpose, the local industry requests information about rubber uses.
3. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS PRESENT MISSION
1) To meet, discuss and finalize with appropriate officials,scientists and institutions the requirements of the proposed rubber quality testing laboratory in USM, i.e .
. the laboratory plan and the necessary adjustments or modifications
. shipment and receipt of materials/equipment from France . reception of French counterpart, housing and vehicle . training of the laboratory team
. sustainability of the laboratory : interest of the growers and processors to pay for certain fees, etc .
. creation of a label of quality
2) to update knowledges and informations regarding the natural rubber situation in the Philippines.
3) to determine and validate other assistance needed regarding rubber production and management aspects
4) to draft a project contract. 4. COLLECTION OF INFORMATIONS
The author visited smallholders, medium holders and rubber processors around Cotabato. Discussions were held with banking and lending institutions such as Land Bank of the Philippines, Development Bank of the Philippines in Kidapawan, Cooperatives (such as Makilala Growers Integrated Cooperative, Inc., Malasila Marketing Cooperative).
The proposed Rubber Quality Testing Laboratory in USM was visited to check on the necessary modifications prior to shipment of the laboratory equipments. The future PICRI site and the existing rubber experiment (on tapping system) was visited. A lecture on rubber quality was conducted to update the knowledge of the concerned groups : growers/processors, lending institutions, researchers.
4.1. Land Bank of the Philippines Assistance - Carabao or cart for transport of cup lumps (1991) - for 1992, assistance will be through cooperatives
- rubber growers of Makilala (MARGICO) proposed a project on processing (interest rate : 16%, medium term loan 3-5 years)
4.2. Development Bank of the Philippines Assistance
10 year (1975-85) financial assistance on rubber has been given :
. coverage 2,500 has. (smallest - 1 ha.; biggest - 100 has; Average= 5 has.) . P 30 M worth of investment with 85% repayment
- Mode of assistance: planting materials, land preparation, equipment - repayment from 9th to 15th years
- DBP Plan (1992) : - small,medium and large scale rubber industries (semi-finished and finished products), through cooperatives or single proprietorship
During the visit, the following items have been discussed :
. problem to find an appropriate technology, i.e. rubber bushing, rubber gasket, etc . . importance of rubber quality control and that certification should be issued by USM . research of 2 big cooperatives applying for loan for setting up processing plant to produce brown crepe (Note : the author suggests switching to TSR 10 or TSR 20 which are acceptable on the international market)
- Taking in account of this author's suggestion to go into crumb rubber production instead of crepe
- Financement of the hydro powered rubber processing plant of Mr. H. Cabacungan - Approval of the preparation of Rubber Master Plan by USM group
- Concern on increasing productivity of current areas grown to rubber, e.g. fertilization, appropriate tapping system, other improved management systems (irrigation)
- Taking in account of financing additional areas if given opportunity to avail of long term capital markets provided price of rubber will go up as a result of quality control.
4.3. Makilala Rubber Growers Cooperative Integrated, Co. (MARGICO)
It is the first rubber cooperative in the Philippines (1986). The services it provide are the following:
- marketing :
. raw rubber (cup lumps) : 2.3 tons as of December 31th 1990 . processed rubber (2 x Brown) : 31.1 tons as of December 31th 1990 - processing (rubber sheets drying)
- planting materials (bagged budded rubber, other planting materials) - savings (ordinary saving deposit: 7%, periodic savings deposit: 12-18%) - lending (cash advances and cash loan)
- mortuary aid
- freight/trucking (hauling of rubber clumps and rubber wood)
N.B. : 3 other cooperatives to be formed into federation so they can apply for a loan for drying (requirement is 5 cooperatives for each federation)
4.4. BERCO Machine Shop, Kidapawan, Cotabato
This shop manufacture creeper for rubber processors and is the only modernized machine shop at Region XII.
It has expertise in assembling machines for rubber processing. 4.5. Cabacungan Machine Shop, Makilala, Cotabato
The main shop is in Davao and manufacture shredders, roller cutters, crushers. 4.6. Cabacungan Hydropowered Processing Plant, Bulatukan, Makilala
This plant was founded in 1983 but was obliged to stop in 1989 because of problems with labor union. In 1991, it is starting again.
This company produces 2 x Brown crepe (finished raw materials), about 100 bales a day and sell it at P21/kilo (or 4 FF/kg). The dryer has a 10 ton capacity and rice hull is used as energy for drying (with 2 truckloads of rice hull, they produce 10 tons of dry sheet).
The workers in the processing plant are tappers who put in 4 hours overtime (1:00 to 5:00 p.m) and they are paid P 11.00/hr/worker
4.7. Malasila Makilala Rubber Industry Co. The owner of this company is an experienced chemist.
The production is the following : clutch, tank dumps, rubber boots, fuel conk casket, generator bushing, magnetic ring, pitchel pump. Three workers for 8 hours a day are employed. The output is 20 dozens of different products and the most popular is the pitchel pump.
4.8. Malasila Marketing Cooperatives, Makilala, Cotabato
This hydro-powered cooperative (higher than Cabacungan's) is operational for 3 years. Rice hull is used as source of energy for dryer. There was not much work going on at time of our visit, farmers are still coming and bringing their cuplumps.
4.9. Rubber Wood Sawmill, Makilala, Cotabato The output is 1,000 board feet for 8 hours
The wood is used for pallets and boxes. The main customers are Del Monte, Dole, other fruit or vegetable growers.
- 16 bd. feet/tree (lumber) - P 6.00/bd. ft. - selling price
4.10. Interview with Mayor R. Talefio, Carmen, Cotabato
He owns 230 ha rubber plantation in Carmen, 65 ha are tappable. He employs 30 tappers. The tapping system used is S2D2
The main clone is RRIM 600. He is still experimenting on GT1 which is disease resistant. They fertilize at young stage.
They put cup lumps in water. (Theauthor informed the mayor that this practice is not good and that air drying is better. Air drying will assure better quality and higher PRI)
He plans to put up a processing plant later when he is out of government services He is selling to FARMA, PHILTRADE, Kidapawan, Cotabato.
He is sharing arrangement with tappers (70% for growers, 30% for tappers). Tappers could get as much as þÿ ±6,000/mo ( or 1,500 FF /mo)
4.11. PICRI site
The upland areas cover 300 hectares. It is located along the Sayore National Highway, the left side is going to Carmen, Cotabato.
The first building to be constructed this month (October 1991) will be the research one. USM has 1000 ha in Arakan Valley with 35 ha tappable.
4.12. Lecture on Rubber quality
5. QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY 5.1 Introduction
The Governmental authorities of Philippines, DOST and PCARRD, and local manufacturing, PRIA, strongly support the idea of setting up a quality control laboratory in USM under the PICRI organization.
The French Government through the Commercial Section is very interested in assisting the Philippines Government to implement a comprehensive rubber development program, i.e. from production to utilization. This assistance will cover :
+ the laboratory equipment and a technical assistance from IRCA
+ training in France of two Philippines counterparts and technical support in production aspects: tapping systems and stimulation, nutrition, phytopathology (disease study).
5.2 Building
Following the mission of H. Roudeix in May 1991, a renovation started in the building which was selected (former "Crops Research Division Building"). A new distribution of the rooms has been arranged according to the layout prepared by Mr. H. Roudeix. Walls have been set up in massive concrete blocks.
Modifications proposed :
- glass windows to be installed in the inside walls of roll mill, dirt control and secretariat rooms
- doors to be constructed with combination of upper portion glass and lower portion wood materials
- reduction of the thickness of walls in the secretariat and store rooms
- the width of the door of the two roll mill room has to be maximum of 2 m. (IRCA will send the exact size of the two roll mill) and transferred to left side facing the working area. - rubber dirt control room: installation of a working table in concrete of 70 cm wide, with 3 to 5 inclinations downwards direction and covered with porcelain tiles. Fumehood 2 m length constructed with a door that could be moved in up and down direction, bottom with mobile wall made of aluminum, individual air suction, fire extinguishers and emergency shower has to be installed.
- PRI, color analysis, Moomey, balances room: remove all cabinets on the wall
- concrete working tables, 70 cm wide for : mineralization and ash rooms on the window side, common wall side of mineralization and ash rooms/and right side of Nitrogen control room - two back to back fume hoods on the common wall between the mineralization and ash analysis rooms with up and down morving doors.
- conference room: adjustment of the cabinet to one and a half times the existing height, the wall on the right side will be used for projection and free of cabinets, the adjacent wall to secretariat will be provided with wood working tables, a folding conference table.
-water supply : PRI, sinks on the window side of the walls in opposite comers of the rooms, solubility room: sinks on the opposite window side of the door. Mineralization room -on the right side of the room under the window and for ash analysis on the left side of the room under the window. For nitrogen analysis - on the right side of the room under the window and on the left side of room under the window of the glassware room (double sink only for the glassware room)
- air conditioning unit : 1 for the office, 2 for PRI room 1 for nitrogen, 2 for projection room and 1 for secretariat
- working Area - folding conference tables - Gas = mineralization, ash, nitrogen control
-compressed air = PRI room compressor has to be supplied by USM 5.3. Manpower
Training
Head of laboratory and her deputy head will be trained 4 months in France (expected April to July 1992) at IFOCA, the training school in rubber technology with a complementary training in Natural Rubber Testing methods and maintenance of the equipment at IRAP and Montpellier. A training on the use of computer will be given at IRCA Head Office.
The present team includes five graduated researchers and two technicians.
A Classical rubber quality control laboratory has a maximum team of 1 Head, 1 Deputy Head, 1 typist, 1 driver and 7 workers (high school level or technicians) in charge of permanent running of the laboratory.
5.4 Mission of the laboratory
The laboratory will have three major responsibilities 1) specification and quality control.
- Procedures for certification of sample analysis has been prepared with the Bureau of Standards of a quality local based on ISO 2000 standard and a logo
- Procedures, timing, frequency, flow of samples from the rubber producers/growers, should be incorporated and given in the certificate
2) Quality Improvement of Philippine Natural Rubber
- Visiting of all processors of Mindanao: survey of processing methods and grades produced, - Quality evaluation of all the grades product
- Survey of trading
- Contact with the local manufacturers to check their requirement according to the different grades
- Processing experiment with proximate processors ready to cooperate - Elaboration of a project to reduce the consistency of various grades - Bailing, packing and loading production
3) Applied Research Program
The laboratory must be in the USM, the starting point of applied research concerning collecting, preparing, processing conditions related to final properties of Natural Rubber.
Some simple researches can be conducted by students. More sophisticated program will be a chance of "sandwich" research between French Universities and USM.
4) Sustainability of the laboratory
The Rubber quality testing laboratory is most welcome as the realization of the dream of growers, processors and financing institutions in the country
The prospective clients indicate the willingness to pay certain fees for the analysis to be done in the lab. Fees will have to be determined on the basis of analysis.
To ensure that certification is imposed, the Department of Trade and Industries (DTI) (Bureau of Standards) could be included in the PICRI Board in addition to DTI's membership to the Rubber Industry Coordinating Committee (RICC)
5) Production/Management Concerns
The average production is 2.3 tons/ha of dry rubber and the target is 3.5 ton/ha.
The current practices are the following :
- tapping system: S2D2 (traditional)
- very limited (no fertilization, no stimulation) - smallholders do not process their rubber
The IRCA-CIRAD experience will recommend :
- better tapping systems that could improve quality and reduce cost of labor (Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, etc.)
- improvement of rubber fertilization system for different soil types - disease control.
The IRCA-CIRAD assistance requested :
- Mission in the Philippines of 2 IRCA scientists (production experts : tapping and nutrition) to conduct a minimum of one week training Gointly with USM scientists) of technicians.
- Setting up of a joint IRCA-USM collaborative research (long term) on tapping system, yield stimulation and rubber nutrition.
6. Conclusion
Considering the existing situation discovered by the author during his past two missions 1987 and 1989, there is now a very positive evaluation:
- Creparation of a master plan which will be a very useful document to explain the natural rubber situation in the Philippines; this document will be very important for the governmental institutions, financial institutions and foreign staff or politician visiting the Philippines; the author hope that this master plant will be finalized in a very short time.
- Creation of PICRI with coffee/cacao and rubber section which will have laboratory, experimental field in USM and Kabacan valley.
- Three graduates in charge for rubber of three major programs: technology, tapping system, fertilization. The author suggests that one among the three or other graduate will be the head of the group as each Rubber Research Institute in the world has a director ; and existing building for the lab and strong interest, and enthusiasm of the people in charge to go ahead for finishing the implementations before the delivery of the equipment
- Linkage initiated and strengthened with the manufacturing industry; PRIA very positive and encourages round the table discussions on technical points requirement.
- strong governmental willing and support: DOST, PCARRD Some suggestions can be proposed :
- reactivation of the rubber growers and processors association to put the Philippines in good position in front of the international market by reducing the number of qualities to be able to offer enough lots
- continuation of contact between PRIA, USM processors, growers and financing institutions - moving to a relative independence of the rubber section of PICRI
- more contacts with other institutions like D. A and D.A.R. which have more means and funds - laboratory for rubber testing: a small team of technicians permanently devoted to analysis; the graduates duty being more to carry or research, giving lecture and leading students
- a solid economical survey to previously determine the "market" of the laboratory and real price of analysis.
To close this report, the author would like to tell that he sees a bright future for the Philippines natural rubber considering the for cost project of extensions headed by reforestation program and by the existing manufacturing industry which will remain the best experimental mean to test the efficiency of the proposed laboratory and to improve the quality of national rubber.
Attendance: Lecture on Natural Rubber Quality Lecturer : H. de Livonière NAME (PRINT) 1. CARLOTA F. SANDIQUE 2. BELDAD I. BARROGA 3. EVELYN T. CABADING 4. SONIA B. ALFARO 5. HONESTO CABACUNGAN 6. ANTONIO BALAGOT 7. EMILIANO LIKIT 8. MANUELA C. LALAGUNA 9. LILIA BORRES 10. JULIUS A FERNANDEZ 11. ROSALIO BOMBEO, Jr. 12. ARMAND PALERO 13. RAMON DAMAG 14. KUNDO E. PAHM 15. TENNY B. ALCALA 16. EUGENIO A ALCALA 17. STELLA P. OCRETO 18. ANTOLIN BELLO 19. DANILO E. DOGUILES 20. ANGELINA G. BAUTISTA
USM Guest House 13 October 1991 Company /Institution LASPI, Makilala USM-Chem Department USM-Chem Department USMARC RIAC SP Cotabato SRDC SRDC, Makilala LASRI, Makilala MAKRUBBER DBP Kidapawan LASRI, Makilala USM Extension USM President ATI, RTC CA, USM USM/Chem Department USM-Chem Department USM/Info System/CAS Director, UPIS-USM ANNEX 1
List of Officials/scientists/growers/ processors/institutions visited
Department of Science and Technology (DOST, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila Secretary Ceferino L. Follosco
Undersecretary Ricardo T. Gloria
ANNEX2
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD)
Dr. Beatriz P. del Rosario Dr. Crisanto R. Escafio Ms. J. Eusebio
Ms. Merci Sisteberio
University of Southern Mindanao/Philippine Industrial Crops Research Institute (USM/PICRI) Pres. Kundo E. Pahm
Dr. Eugenio Alcala- (counterpart on production/tapping system) Dr. Rose Marie Bugarin - (counterpart on quality:testing laboratory) Dr. Pablito P. Pamplona
Prof. Reynaldo S. Callano Dr. Ramon C. Damag Dr. Teofilo C. dela Cruz Dr. Angelina G. Bautista Prof. Pilar A Bautista
Ms. Tenny Alcala Ms. Stella Ocreto Ms. Violeta Bello Mr. Antolin Bello Ms. Evelyn Cabading Mr. Anacleto Duque, Jr. Ms. Sonia Alfaro Engr. Benjamin Fortinez Mr. Danilo E. Doguiles
Land Bank of the Philippines, Kidapawan, Cotabato
Ms. F. Macanas
Engr. Andrade Lagos - Manager
Development Bank of the Philippines, Kidapawan, Cotabato Mr. R. Bombeo, Jr. - Manager
Makilala rubber Growers Integrated, Co. (MARGICO), Kidapawan, Cotabato Engr. Glicerio Hilario, Jr. - Vice-President
BERCO Machine Shop, Kidapawan, Cotabato Mr. A. Bernardo, Manager
Cabacungan Machine Shop/Processing Plant, Makilala, Cotabato Mr. H. Cabacungan - owner
Malasila Makilala Cooperative Industries (MMCI) Mr. A. Poketa - proprietor
Malasila Marketing Cooperative Engr. Bola - Engineer/designer Other growers/processors Dr. Carlota Sandique Mr. Antonio Balagot Mr. K. Austria French Embassy Ambassador 0. Gaussot Mme. C. Castagnet-Melchior Mr. G. Mourillon Mr. P. Nessman
CIRAD-IRHO (representative to the Philippines) Mr. G. Bernard
Philippine Rubber .Industry Association (PRIA) Mr. Emmanuel Ching - ex-president Mr. N. Tan - current president
Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Agricultural Research (DA-BAR) Dr. William Dar
DOST PCARRD DA DTI PRIA USM PICRI IRRDB ANRPC LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Department of Science and Technology
ANNEX 3
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Ressources Research and Development
Department of Agriculture Department of Trade Industry
Philippine Rubber Industry Association University of Southern Mindanao
Philippine Industrial Crop Research Institute International Rubber Research Institute Asian Natural Rubber Producing Country
MISSION REPORT IN THE PHILIPPINES J.C. Touron
1. AIM OF THE MISSION
The International Rubber Research and Development Board Meeting, held in Manila from 24th October to 2nd November 1991, concentrated on Technology, and most of the IRCA Technology Division members were there. Mr. de Livonniere took this opportunity to ask Dr. BUGARIN from the Univerity of Southern Mindanao, who is a counterpart in the Rubber Specification Laboratory project, supported by the French Embassy in Manila, to organize a visit to the University for me.
2. MISSION SCHEDULE
26th October - Travel Ho Chi Minh City-Manila on flight PR 592 at 11:55 a.m. - Checked in at Manila Pavilion Hotel
27th October - Rest day and meeting with IRCA Delegation 28th October - IRRDB Technology Day
- Reception at the residence of the French Ambassador .c Preparation of visit to USM with Mr. de Livonniere
29th October - USM visit, 29th-31st October 1991
- Left Manila 1:10 p.m. (flight PR 187) to COTABATO, by road to
arrive in Kabacan at 6:00 p.m. - Overnight at USM Guesthouse 30th October - Morning: 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon
- Visit of the Philippine Standard Laboratory Testing Center at USM - Visit of USM facilities
- Meeting with Vice-President of USM, Dr. Virgilio Oliva - Afternoon:
- 2:00 - 5:00 meeting with the Chemistry group - 5:00 - 6:00 visit expert's housing
- Overnight at USM Guesthouse 31st October -Morning:
- 8:00 - 12:00 join the group to visit rubber plantations - 12:00 lunch with the IRRDB group at USM
- Afternoon: STUDY TOUR prepared by IRRDB - 1:00 -3:00 visit nearby plantations
- 3 :00 leave for Davao City - Overnight at Davao City 1st November - Sightseeing in DAV AO
- Visit scenic spots, picnic at "Villa Victoria" beach resort - Overnight at Davao City
2nd November - Leave for Manila (8:30 a.m. flight PR 812) stopover in CEBU - Checked in at MANILA PAVILION Hotel
3rd November - Rest and sorting through visit notes
4th November - Return to Ho Chi Minh City. Flight VN 934 at 8:35 a.m. was cancelled and replaced by flight PR 934 at 12:00 noon.
3. REPORT ON TIIE VISIT TO USM
3.1 Building - Philippine Standard Rubber Testing Laboratory
Suggestions in addition to Dr. de Livonniere's modification by: Expert Jean Claude-Touron * Roll mill room
Installation of two 42 cm wide fixed benches, on the left and right-hand sides of the room and one 2m long, 42 cm wide movable bench, in the middle of the room; two milling machines and provisions for water connections (inlet & outlet) to serve as the cooling system for the machines and a side press mill to be placed to the right side of the door.
*
Dirt RoomInstallation of fume hood in the middle of the wall facing the door measuring 2.5 m in length, 1 m in width and 80 cm in height and two built-in benches for laboratory purposes on both sides of the room; i.e., on the left and right-hand sides of the room.
*
Office for the Detailed ExpertTo be furnished with electrical outlets, ceiling fans, air-conditioning unit. * Mineralization and Ash Room
No changes needed
*
Kjeldahl RoomTo be provided with open shelves * Glassware Room
Windows should be widened and benches should be placed near the sink, rack for drying the glassware after washing, installation of cabinets.
* Distillation & Storage Rooms Secretariat & Conference Offices No changes are to be made.
*
Installation of a generator for possible brown-outs (power between 1 or 2 KV A)*
Ash, nitrogen and volatile mattersSupply of water and gas to special laboratory benches near the windows.
*
DoorsAll doors open outwards except dirt room, where door is open inwards.
*
Room for SupervisorThis will be used by the expert supervisor. The deputy will occupy space in the conference room. Provision of office space in the conference room for privacy. Movable dividers will be installed, tables will be provided.
*
Parking SpaceParking spaces will be provided in the front of the building for visitors. Further parking spaces will provided behind the building, with shade, for personnel, workers and producers.
3.2 For Expert's Residence - provision of a garage
fencing of expert's housing - standby generator
- small tank for hot water ( capacity : 25 gallons) with electrical heating connection - 3 ceiling fans for dining, kitchen and third room
- 1 additional aircon unit for the living room 3.3. Meeting with Chemistry Group
General talks on rubber specification and working and living conditions at USM. Television standard in the Philippines: NTSC 5.3 (US standard).
3.4. Study Tour/lRRDB
Chance to see the natural rubber plantations on Mindanao Island and two processing plants: MALASILA processes 100 gallons of latex per day to produce ADS crepe. The workshop, comprising two mini-crepers, is governed by a bucket wheel. A raceway leading from the nearby river provides the water for the wheel. In addition to his activities as a planter-producer, the owner also trades in cup lump supplied by neighbouring smallholders: around 100/120 tonnes per month.
MAKILALA is a small processing plant. It processes slab of widely varying quality (see photos). Its range of machinery comprises three crepers, followed by crumbing in a shredder and drying in a tray dryer.
4. CONCLUSION
This was a very brief visit, but it enabled an introduction to rubber growing in the Philippines. This was most useful for the author, whose only knowledge of the Philippines had been gleaned from reports on the IRCA missions by Messrs. de la Serve, de Livonniere and Roudeix since 1986.
If the author is associated with the project the French Embassy has assigned to IRCA, it will enable him to prepare the February/March 1992 preparatory mission, the August/December 1992 implementation mission and subsequent support missions in 1993 under the best possible conditions.
PEOPLE IDENTIFIED(-} AND MET(*)
ANNEX 1
*
FRENCH EMBASSY: AYALA LIFE BUILDING, 6786 Ayala Avenue, MAKATI, Metro Manila 3117, Tel.: 810 19 81/88, Telex: 45412, Fax: (632) 817 5047* OLIVIER GAUSSOT: French Ambassador (Residence: 4 ANAHA W, North Forbes, MAKATI, Tel.: 810 1981)
*Mrs. CASTAGNET MELCHIOR: Commercial Counsellor *GERARD MORILLON: Cultural Counsellor
*MICHEL FREYMUTH: *CIRAD/IRHO
*Mr. BENARD: CIRAD Delegate in the Philippines
*USM, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO, KABACAN, 9407 COTABATO *Prof. KUNDO E. P AHM: Chancellor
*Dr. VIRGILIO G. OUV A: Vice-Chancellor *Dr. EUGENIO ALCALA:
*Dr. ANGELINA BAUTISTA:
*Dr. ROSEMARIE B. BUGARIN: Dean, College of Arts and Sciences *BELDAD I. BARROGA: Chemical Engineer, College of Arts and Sciences *ANTORLIN D. BELLO:
*VIOLETA D. BELLO: Biochemistry Professor, USMARC
*EVELYN T. CABADING: Chemist, College of Arts and Sciences *BENJAMIN F. FORTINEZ: Work Supervisor
*RICELI C. MENDOZA: English Instructor, College of Arts and Sciences *STELLA P. OCRETO: Chemist, College of Arts and Sciences
LIST OF CHEMICALS NEEDED FOR THE PHILIPPINE STANDARD RUBBER TESTING LABORATORY
ANNEX 2
CHEMICALS QUANTITY UNIT AMOUNT
1. Mineral turpentine (high aromatic 100,000 Ii 1,000,000 white) b.p. 155-196 deg. Centigrade
2. Xylyl mercaptan (36%, RPA no.3) 500 Ii 278,125 3. Sulfuric acid AR (sp. gr. 1.84) 5,000 Ii 303,750
4. Sodium hydroxide pellets 500 kg 100,000
5. Anhydrous potassium sulfate AR 500 kg 100,000 6. Copper sulfate pentahydrate AR 100 kg 11,880
7. Selennium powder AR 5 kg 63,650 8. Boric acid AR 500 kg 313,200 9. Methyl alcolhol 1 kg 2,145 10. Methylene blue 1 kg 1,048 11. Ethyl alcohol 5,000 Ii 491,250 12. Zinc granules 1 kg 2,500 13. Toluene 5,000 Ii 310,000 14. Silica gel 500 kg 15,000 15. Calcium chloride 500 kg 17,000 16. Xylene 5,000 Ii 250,000 17. Petro Ii um spirit 5,000 Ii 300,000 TOTAL 128,108 3,559,548
ANNEX 3
LIST OF EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE TOTAL
1. Dehumidifier 2 40,000 80,000
2. Analytical balances Sauter/Mettler 2 70,000 140,000
3. Overhead projector 1 30,000 30,000
4. Top-loading balances 1.2 kg max. cap. 2 40,000 80,000
5. Fax machine 1 90,000 90,000
6. Hand held radios 3 7,000 21,000
7. Xerox machine 1 50,000 50,000
8. Refrigerator 1 12,000 12,000
9. Aircon 1 100,000 100,000
10. Ceiling fan 3 2,000 6,000
11. Thermix stirring 144 sq. in. 2 18,000 36,000
(12 X 12)
Hot plates 49 sq. in. 2 16,000 32,000
12. Standby generator 1 60,000 60,000
13. Microscope a. Heavy duty stereo 1 40,000 40,000
b. Compound 1 30,000 30,000
14. Computer (Toshiba Brand 1 50,000 50,000
20-megaoctets,)
15. Printer (Epson) 1 30,000 30,000
ANNEX4
UST OF SUPPL YING AND VARIO US APPARATUS
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL
PRICE
1. Conical flasks 500 ml cap. 10 doz 4,800 48,000
2. Silica/porcelain 50ml 10 doz 1,800 18,000
crucibles with cover
3. Thermometers -10 to 120 deg. 15 pc. 200 3,000
-10 to 400 deg. 15 pc. 300 4,500
4. Kjeldahl flasks 30 ml Pyrex 10 doz 2,400 24,000
800 ml Pyrex 5 doz 6,000 30,000 5. Beaker lL 5 doz 3,000 15,000 2L 2 doz 6,000 12,000 600ml 5 doz 3,000 15,000 400 ml 5 doz 2,400 12,000 250 ml 5 doz 1,140 5,700 100 ml 50 doz 1,080 54,000 50 ml 50 doz 1,020 51,000
6. Erlenmeyer flask lL 2 doz 3,600 7,200
2L 2 doz 6,000 12,000 500 ml 10 doz 2,400 24,000 250 ml 10 doz 2,100 21,000 125 ml 10 doz 1,500 15,000 50ml 10 doz 1,020 10,200 SUB TOTAL 381,600
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Dessicator Glass, medium size 1 doz 2,000 24,000
Graduated cylinder 1 li 2 doz 600 14,400
500 ml 2 doz 450 10,800
250 ml 2 doz 400 9,600
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE 50 ml 2 doz 200 4,800 10 ml 2 doz 150 3,600 Pipettes 10 ml 2 doz 500 12,000 5 ml 2 doz 400 9,600 1 ml 2 doz 300 7,200
Oxford automatic pipettes 50 ml 1 doz 8,000 %,000
5 ml 1 doz 6,000 72,000
Automatic burettes 25 ml 6 pcs 4,000 24,000
Acid burettes 50ml 1 doz 2,000 24,000
Base burettes 50 ml 1 doz 1,500 18,000
SUBTOTAL 336,000
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Crucible tongs a) Budget-priced tong 10 pcs 300 3,000
b) general purpose
pick-up tong 10 pcs 250 2,500
c) nickel plated
crucible tong 6 pcs 500 3,000
Spatula Wieghing spatula
with stainless steel
blade 1 doz 50 600
Spoonula lab spoon 1 doz 100 1,200
Porcelain spoon and
spatula 2 doz 150 3,600
Reagent bottles 2 Ii 3 doz 300 10,800
1 Ii 3 doz 250 9,000
500 ml 3 doz 200 7,200
250 ml 1 doz 150 1,800
Wash bottles polythelene 1 pcs 300 300
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE
6x8 6 pcs 270 1,620
Spring wound timer 1/4 to 120 minutes
intervals (Fisher) 6 pcs 500 3,000
SUB TOTAL 37,020
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis. Nalgen polypropylene
carboy with spigot 50 Ii 3 pcs 4,000 12,000
10-20 Ii 6 pcs 3,000 18,000 Wieghing boats (polystyrene) 1 3/4 sq x 3/8H 500 pcs 1.20 600 3 5/16 x 3/4H 500 pcs 2.10 1,050 5 1/2 x 7/8H 500 pcs 3.60 1,800
Burette brushes for 25 & 50 ml
burettes 6 pcs 30 180
Pipette washing
assemblies 1 pcs 10,000 10,000
a) basket up to 24 in. pipette
b) jar length
c) rinser
Macro-volume pipettors 1 to 5 ml 2 pcs 5000 10,000
Stirring rods 3 doz 40 1,440
Glassware cart 2 removable 3 pcs 1500 4,500
polyvinyl coated baskets
SUB TOTAL 29,570
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Test tubes 10 doz 20 2,400
Test tube rack 1 doz 400 4,800
Iron stand 1 doz 300 3,600
Iron ring 1 doz 80 960
Iron clamps 1 doz 80 960
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE
Wire gauze w/ asbestos 3 doz 10 360
Volumetric flasks 2 Ii 1 doz 1,500 18,000
1 Ii 1 doz 1,250 15,000
500 ml 1 doz 1,000 12,000
100 ml 1 doz 750 9,000
25 ml 1 doz 500 6,000
Funnel 3 doz 200 7,200
Watch glasses 60mm 3 doz 25 900
90mm 3 doz 40 1,440
Computer diskettes 10 boxes 400 4,000
Magnetic stirring bar kit 1 kit 2000 2,000
Stir bar retriever polyethylene, 18 in. 3 pcs 240 720
Electrical tape 1 doz 60 720
SUBTOTAL ; 77,340
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Flexible curve template 2 pcs 500 1,000
Knife Stainless 6 pcs 500 3,000
Flask brushes 2 doz 100 2,400
Brush w/ extension for
flask curves 1 doz 150 1,800
Bunsen burner 1 doz 2,000 24,000
Aluminum trays 3 doz 300 10,800
Aluminum dishes 40 to 50 mm diameter 10 doz 200 24,000
Detergent liquid/powder 100 boxes 60 6,000
Polyethylene bags 200 x 100 x.06 mm 500 rolls 100 50,000
Plastic clips 1000 boxes 5 5,000
Whatman NO. 542 ashless
filter paper 15 cm diameter 1000 boxes 300 300,000
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE
Transparent polyester/
cellulose film .025 mm in thickness 5000 rolls 4 20,000
Fire extinguisher 3 unit 5000 15,000
SUBTOTAL 704,800
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis. Self adhesive labels w /
microscopic border 30 rolls 330 9,900
Goggles 1 doz 100 1,200
Record books 6 doz 40 2,880
Pencils (mechanical) 18 doz 5 1,080
Laboratory wagons Low-cost steel carts 3 pcs 5000 15,000
4 inches deep trays
Laboratory mask 1 doz 100 1,200
Pentel pens 18 doz 20 4,320
Pentel pen ink 40 bottles 60 2,400
Onion paper 60 reams 60 3,600
Thumb tacks 30 boxes 7 210
Scissors 1 doz 100 1,200
SUB TOTAL 33,090
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Stapler 1 doz 300 3,600
Puncher 1 doz 300 3,600
Staple wires 100 boxes 20 2,000
Staple wire remover 1 doz 30 30
Paper clips 30 boxes 10 300
Bond Paper 60 reams 150 9,000
Mimeo paper 60 reams 60 3,600
Stencils 30 boxes 250 7,500
Mimeo ink 30 tubes 250 7,500
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE Folder 1000 pcs 5 5,000 Envelopes a) Brown 10 boxes 150 1,500 b) white 10 boxes 150 1,500 SUBTOTAL 40,930
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Rulers 3 doz 10 360
Cartolina 100 pcs 10 1,000
Masking tape 3 doz 50 1,800
Scotch tape 3 doz 50 1,800
Corrector fluid
a) stencil 1 doz 85 1,020
b) bond paper 3 doz 85 3,060
Calculators 1 doz 500 6,000
Plastic trays 3 doz 60 2,160
Test tube brush 6 doz 15 1,080
Cutter 1 pcs 5000 5,000
Wrapping film paraffin
mt. laboratory film 10 boxes 500 5,000
Plastic sealer 30 rolls 100 3,000
Fasteners 20 boxes 10 200
Paste
a) Starch paste 1 gal 200 200
b) Elmer's glue 1 gal 1000 1,000
SUBTOTAL 27,720
NOTE: Unit prices are in per piece basis.
Computer paper 9 1/2 X 11 10 boxes 700 7,000
continuous form w/ side perf (1 ply)
PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT UNIT TOTAL PRICE
Transparencies 100 pcs 40 4,000
Small sable brush 1 doz 50 600
Filter cloth 10 meters 50 500
Asbestos board 3 pcs 500 1,500
Sponges 3 doz 10 360
SUBTOTAL 17,560
GRAND TOTAL 1,685,630
