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Comprendre le rôle de l’information et de la communication dans le passage des techniques de
gestion industrielle à une culture de la qualité
Kashif Hussain
To cite this version:
Kashif Hussain. Comprendre le rôle de l’information et de la communication dans le passage des techniques de gestion industrielle à une culture de la qualité : QMI (Implémentation du Management Qualité) dans trois entreprises multinationales. Sciences de l’information et de la communication.
Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, 2008. Français. �NNT : 2008VALE0009�. �tel-
03002335�
Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis Laboratoire des Sciences de la Communication
W attribué par la bibliothéque :
No d'ordre: 08-108 Thèse Présentée en vue de l'obtention du titre de docteur Spécialité : Sciences de l'information et de la Communication
Par
Kashif HUSSAIN
Comprendre le rôle de l'information et de la communication dans le passage des techniques de gestion industrielle à une
culture de la qualité :
QMI (Implémentation du Management Qualité) dans trois entreprises multinationales
Soutenue publiquement le mercredi 09 avril 2008 devant le Jury composé de : Jury
Professeur Sylvie LELEU-MERVIEL Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis Michel LABOUR
Stéphane CARO DAMBREVILLE
Pascal FRANCO
Amos DAVID
MCF - Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis
MCF - HDR à l'Université de Bourgogne, Dijon
Professeur à I'ULB Université de Bruxelles
Professeur à l'Université de Nancy
Directeur de Thèse
Co-directeur de Thèse
Rapporteur
Rapporteur
Examinateur
Dissertation submitted to the University of Valenciennes & Hainaut Cambrésis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in
Information and Communication Sciences by
Kashif Hussain
Understanding the role of information and communication when moving from industrial management techniques to a quality culture:
QMI (Quality Management Implementation) in three multinational organizations
with due permission for public examination and debate on the Wednesday 09
1hof April, 2008,
Dissertation Advisor:
S. LELEU MERVIEL Michel LABOUR
Referees:
Stéphane CARO DAMBREVILLE Pascal FRANCO
Examiner:
Amos DAVID
Jury:
Professer, LSC, Université de Valenciennes &
Hainaut Cambrésis
Associate Professer, Université de Valenciennes &
Hainaut Cambrésis
Associate Professer, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon Professeur, ULB Université de Bruxelles
Professeur à l'Université de Nancy
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
The work presented in this dissertation is entirely from the individual studies, except where otherwise stated. Where derivations are presented and the origin of the work is either wholly or in part from other sources, then full reference is given to the original author. This work has not been presented previously for any degree, nor is it at present under consideration by any other degree awarding body.
This thesis contains no materials which has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma and, to the best of the author's knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text.
ST A TEMENT OF A V AILABILITY
All rights reserved. I hereby acknowledge the availability of any part of this dissertation for incorporation into future studies, providing that full reference is given to the origins of any information contained herein. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying or recording, without prior written permission of the au thor.
© 2008, Kashif Hussain
Dedication
To all those who make earth a "Quality" place to live
The Blind Men and the Elephant
THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT By John Godfrey Saxe (1816-188 7)
A tale "The Elephant in the Dark" in the book "Tales from Masnavi" written by Rumi has always been a source of inspiration for me sin ce my childhood. Another version of this story was written as a poem by the name of"The Blind Men and The Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887).
This story is an example of the limits ofindividual perception. The story indicates that reality may be viewed differently depending upon one's perspective, suggesting that what seems an absolute truth may be relative due to the deceptive nature of half-truths.
It
was six of Indostan T o leaming much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant
(Though ali them were blind) That each by observation
Might satisty his rnind
~ç;,_ • ..:1 > ~- f t _:
j ' - ' « ' " ~ -1~ ~
The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, "Ho! What have we here So very round and smooth and sharp?
Tome 'tis rnighty clear This Wonder of an Elephant
ls very like a spear!"
The Fourth reached out an eager hand, And felt around the knee,
"What most this wondrous beast is like Is mighty plain," quoth he;
"Tis clear enough the Elephant Is very like a tree !"'
The First approached the Elephant, And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side,
At once began to brawl:
"God bless me but the Elephant ls very like a wall."
The Third approached the animal, And happening to take The Squirming trunk within his hands,
Thus boldly up sand spake:
"1 see," guoth he, "The Elephant
Is very like a snake!"
The Sixth no sooner had begun About the beast to grope, Than, seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant is very like a rope!"
And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Each of his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong, Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the Wrong!"
Moral
The Blind Men and the Elephant
The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, Said,: "E'en the blindest man Can tell what this resembles most;
Deny the fact who can, This marvel of an Elephant
ls very like a fan!"
So oft in theologie wars, The disputants, I ween, Rail on in utter ignorance Of what each other mean, And prate about an Elephant
Elephant illustration© Jason Hunt naturalchild.org/jason
Acknowledgement FAILURE COMES IN ISOLATION- SUCCESS IS SO RARELY
ACHIEVED ALONE!
MY THANKS TO ... .
During the work on this thesis, 1 have benefited from a lot of dialogue with many people, who have provided inspiration and motivation. 1 would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who stood by me through my doctoral program. It is with a sense of achievement that l present this dissertation as part of industrial projects (2002-2007).
First and foremost, a special thanks to my principal supervisor Professor Sylvie Leleu-Merviel at University of Valenciennes, who played the key role as my supervisor throughout these industrial projects. 1 met Sylvie in her office shortly before 1 began my post graduate degree under her supervision. Her insight and creative ideas were always the inspiration for me during the research. It was as though 1 knew she was the right person to work with for a Ph.D. It led me to complete this dissertation work. Her brilliance and enthusiastic support not only bring out the best in her students, but also provide them with an excellent model to follow. l would like to thank for her guidance, support, encouragement, and generosity throughout all phases of this thesis and my post graduate studies. Her optimism has provided an invaluable influence on my career and outlook for the future. Despite her busy schedule, she is always available to give me advice, support and guidance during the en tire period of my study.
Dr. Michel Labour, Associate Professor at University of Valenciennes and co-director of this thesis, whose enthusiasm, unpretentious attitude, insights, knowledge and interest in this study opened doors and opportunities. 1 would like to thank him, who has commented on many drafts through the last four months.
Also, thanks to all members of the Laboratory of Communication Sciences
(LSC), for providing a stimulating work environment. l would like to thank
Beatrice Santens, the secretary of LSC, for her support, meeting arrangements with
Sylvie and administrative work concerning the doctoral program.
Acknowledgement
My dissertation committee for providing ongomg guidance and wisdom, helping to light the way, and nudging me back on the road wh en I strayed or seemed lost. I could not have asked for a finer consortium of mentors and scholars.
I wish to thank my preliminary examiners Associate Professor Stéphane CARO from the University of Bourgogne and Professor Pascal Francq from the University of ULB - Brussels for their insightful comments during the review process. I would also like to thank the other member of my Ph.D. committee, Professor Amos DAVID from the University of Nancy for his valuable time and constructive comments with regard to this thesis.
Thank you is also due to the contact persons from organizations that participated in those projects, which provided a pragmatic research environment that greatly influenced the focus of this Ph.D. A part of the work for the thesis was done as fieldwork in three companies, and I am deeply grateful to these companies and the contact persons and the people l worked with to share their industrial experience. I am indebted to Sylvain Bernettes, former assistant manager Engine Assembly Shop at Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF), Thomas Rolland, deputy director Quality and Validation department at Sanofi Pasteur and Denis Hespeel, manager maintenance, Product Development Laboratory at Volvo Powertrain who read different versions of chapters related to TMMF, Sanofi Pasteur and Volvo Powertrain of the thesis and contributed with essential detailed comments and improvement suggestions. My warmest thanks go to Dr. Denis Hespeel (Manager Maintenance Backup ), Francois Salomon (Director Maintenance department) and Nicolas Neuville (Manager Operational Management) at Volvo Powertrain. In the last phases of the research, we had various discussions over many issues concerning Volvo Powertrain quality maintenance organizations, and worked together on several issues of case study. I would also like to express my thanks to ali those people in theses organizations with whom I have worked and exchanged ideas.
Another source of inspiration has been the possibility to participate in eight
research publications during my Ph.D. work: The quality, validation, change
management, and ergonomies projects. l would like to thank IEEE (The Institute of
Electrica! and Electronics Engineers), WSEAS (World Scientific and Engineering
Acknowledgement Academy and Society), IADIS (International Association for the Development of Information Science), Handbook of Research on lnformatics in Healthcare and Biomedicine, and the Handbook of Research on Distributed Medical Jnformatics and E-Health who offered valuable suggestions, before the publications were published. I am thankful to the participants from different organizations who participated in these publications.
I was privileged to work closely with Dr. Adil M. Alam for more than a year, and who provided invaluable discussions and explorations of quality practices in the industry. Dr. Adil M. Alam my best friend. It was a long struggle together over the years. I'll never forget his reminders that "Y ou are almost there, buddy." I am grateful to Pierre Geligne, for his valuable time and worthy comments with regard to this thesis.
I wish to acknowledge all those who in sorne way played a role in supporting this research study and guiding me toward completion. Many people deserve thanks for both social and professional reasons.
Elodie, Pascal, Hocine, Abderrazak, Hichem and Sylvain who voluntarily reviewed the French summary of the dissertation and helped me prepare for the defense. Thank you also, Mazhar and Walid, for useful comments on abstract of this thesis without forgetting Hamid who provided administrative documents for the Ph.D. defense.
This work would not have been carried out without coming to France, many thanks to France.
Finally, I wish to express my smcere gratitude to my family, with
tremendous love, thanks, and gratitude. I thank my wife, for her support and
encouragement, whilst studying for her own degree. My work has been a
challenging endeavor for our whole family and it would not have been possible
without her limitless patience, support and understanding. She unselfishly and
patiently allowed me to borrow years of our time together to pursue this lifelong
dream. I eternally am grateful for the unending support and space she provided
along the way. She al ways helped alleviate my pressure wh en I faced various
difficulties. I am grateful for the encouragement and support of my parents and
Acknowledgement parents-in-law whose phrases of "you can do it" and "we 're so proud of you"
resonated continuously through the duration of the doctoral program to keep my momentum going ... thank you for believing in me.
I am full of gratitude for the investment of so many people in my life and my career for all they have doue for me throughout my en tire li fe. W ords cannot express my appreciation to them.
In closure, I hope that all that I have learned during the past five years, as a student and as a person, would be beneficiai for the indispensable development of our planet, which is struggling to be a place of quality. This will always be the main concern that will guide my work.
Lyon, February 14, 2008
Kashif Hus sain
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
SUMMARY OF THE THESIS REPORT IN FRENCH
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEMATIQUE DE LA RECHERCHE OBJECTIF DE RECHERCHE
LA PERTINENCE DE L'ETUDE
POURQUOI LA RECHERCHE INDUSTRIELLE CADRE CONCEPTUEL DE L'ETUDE
LA COMMUNICATION AU SEIN DE L'ENTREPRISE CULTURE D'ENTREPRISE
L'APPROCHE DU SYSTEME DE MANAGEMENT DE LA QUALITE LES NORMES ISO 9000 POUR L'ENTREPRISE
V ALIDA TION DES SYSTEMES INFORMA TISES CAS D'ETUDES DE CETTE THESE
CAS D'ETUDE 1: TOYOTA
CAS D'ETUDE 2: SANOFI PASTEUR CAS D'ETUDE 3: VOLVO POWERTRAIN
MODELISATION DE MISE EN PLACE DU SMQ IDENTIFICATION DES CONSTRUCTIONS DE SQM LES PHASES DE MISE EN PLACE DU MODELE DE SMQ CONCLUSION
STRUCTURE DE THESE
! STUDY FRAMEWORK
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 WHY UNDERTAKE THIS RESEARCH?
1.3 RESEARCH ISSUE
1.3.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE THESIS
1.4.1 QM ELEMENTS
1.4.2 QM IMPLEMENTATION
1.4.3 RELEVANCE OF THIS RESEARCH
1.5 RESEARCH STRA TEGY
1.5.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.5.2 lNFORMAL DISCUSSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
1.5.3 INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDIES
1.6 THESIS STRUCTURE
~
COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
16 19 20 20
22 22 23 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 35 35 36 37 37 39 44
45 47 48
49
51 54 55
55
55
56
57
57
58
59
62
64
65
Table of Contents
2.2 COMMUNICATION IN 0RGANIZATIONS 65
2.2.1 INTERNAL COMMUNICATION 68
2.2.2 EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION 71
2.3 ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN QM 72
2.3.1 COMMUNICATION-TO-INFORM PROCESS FOR EMPLOYEE'S AWARENESS 74
2.4 0RGANIZATIONAL CUL TURE 77
2.4.1 COMMUNICATION, QM AND 0RGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 80
2.5 SUMMARY 81
J QM IN ORGANIZATIONS 82
3.1 INTRODUCTION 83
3.2 QM APPROACH FOR ORGANIZATIONS 83
3.2.1 DEFINING QUALITY 84
3.2.2 DEFINING QUALITY MANAGEMENT- QM 85
3.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 88
3.3.1 TOP MANAGEMENT 88
3.3.2 PEOPLE 90
3.3.3 TRAINING AND LEARNING 90
3.3.4 PARTICIPATION AND INVOLVEMENT 93
3.3.5 CUSTOMER FOCUS 95
3.3.6 STRATEGie QUALITY PLANNING 97
3.3.7 PROCESSES MANAGEMENT 99
3.3.8 SUMMARY OF QUALITY ELEMENTS 101
3.4 SUMMARY 103
i ISO STANDARDS FOR ORGANIZATIONS 104
4.1 INTRODUCTION 105
4.2 ISO CERTIFICATION 105
4.2.1 ORIGINS OF ISO 106
4.2.2 WHAT ISO REQUIRES 107
4.3 LITERA TURE REVIEW ON ISO STAN DARDS 108
4.4 QM PRINCIPLES FOR ISO CERTIFICATION 111
4.4.1 WHAT CERTIFICATION MEANS 113
4.4.2 REASONS FOR SEEKING ISO CERTIFICATION 114
4.4.3 IMPLEMENTING AN ISO 9000 APPROACH 116
4.5 ADVANTAGES AND CRITICS OF ISO 9000 118
4.5.1 ADVANTAGES 119
4.5.2 CRITICS 121
4.6 CORE VALUES OF ISO 9000 122
4. 7 SUMMARY 123
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COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM VALIDATION FOR ORGANIZATIONS 124 5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 INTRODUCTION TO VALIDATION
125
125
Table of Contents
5.3 COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM 127
5.4 V ALIDA TION APPROACH 129
5.5 VALIDATION APPROACH OF A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM 131
5.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR CSV 137
5.7 CHANGE MANAGEMENT (CM) 141
5.7.1 CM FRAMEWORK 143
5.7.2 DEFINITIONS 144
5. 7.3 CM PROCESS 145
5.8 DISCUSSION 146
5.9 CONCLUSION 149
5.10 SUMMARY 151
2 CASE STUDY 1- TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING FRANCE 152
6.1 INTRODUCTION 153
6.2 METHODOLOGY 154
6.2.1 SAMPLING 154
6.2.2 DEMOGRAPHie INFORMATION 154
6.2.3 CASE STUDY PROCESS 154
6.2.4 CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION 155
6.3 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION 157
6.3.1 TMMF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 160
6.3.2 ENGINE ASSEMBLY LINE DESCRIPTION 161
6.3.3 TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM (TPS) 163
6.4 EVALUATION OF QMS CONSTRUCTS FOR QM IMPLEMENTATION 170
6.4.1 INTERNAL AUDITS 170
6.4.2 EVALUATION OF QUALITY ELEMENTS 179
6.4.3 TOP MANAGEMENT 179
6.4.4 STRATEGIC QUALITY PLANNING 180
6.4.5 EMPLOYEE'S TRAINING 182
6.4.6 CUSTOMER FOCUS 183
6.4. 7 PROCESS MANAGEMENT 184
6.4.8 COMMUNICATION-TO-INFORM PROCESS 185
6.5 EVALUATION OF QMS IMPLEMENTATION PHASES 188
6.5.1 QUALITY INTEGRATION PHASE 188
6.5.2 QUALITY DAILY USE PHASE 190
6.5.3 QUALITY SYSTEM EVALUATION PHASE 191
6.6 IMPROVEMENT PLAN OF KEY ELEMENTS 192
6.6.1 QUALITY PO LICY A WARENESS 193
6.6.2 QMS DOCUMENTATION 193
6.6.3 SPC CHARTS 196
6.6.4 lDENTIFICA TION AND TRACEABILITY 199
6.6.5 CALIBRATION 199
6.6.6 TRAINING 200
6.6.7 DATABASE CREATION TO MONITOR ENGINE REPAIR ACTIVITIES 206
6. 7 CONCLUSION 208
6. 7.1 QMI FOR THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 209
6.7.2 lMPROVEMENT AREAS 209
Table of Contents
1 CASE STUDY 2- SANOFI PASTEUR 214
7.1 INTRODUCTION 215
7.2 METHODOLOGY 215
7 .2.1 SAMPLING 216
7 .2.2 CASE STUDY PROCESS 216
7 .2.3 CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION 217
7.3 RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FIRST AND SECOND CASE STUDIES 219
7.4 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION 219
7.4.1 IS ORGANIZATION 221
7.4.2 ISQV (INFORMATION SOLUTIONS QUALITY AND VALIDATION) 222 7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ELEMENTS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN JS QMS 224
7.6 QUALITY MANUAL FOR IS ORGANIZATION 225
7. 7 COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM V ALIDA Tl ON - CSV 227
7.8 FILE MANAGEMENT 228
7.8.1 ASSESSMENT OF THE FILE MANAGEMENT TOOLS 230
7.8.2 INTERVIEWS WITH IS MEMBERS 233
7.8.3 FILE MANAGEMENT TEAM PROPOSAL 234
7.8.4 FILES AND TOOLS LOCATION PROPOSAL 236
7.8.5 IMPROVEMENT PLAN FOR FILE STRUCTURE 237
7.9 JSQVINTRANET 240
7.9.1 INTRODUCTION 241
7.9.2 USER FRIENDLY INTRANET 241
7 .9.3 INTRANET & INTERLIGO TOOL 242
7.10 EVALUATION OF QMS ELEMENTS 244
7.10.1 TOPMANAGEMENT 244
7.10.2 STRATEGIC QUALITY PLANNING 245
7.10.3 EMPLOYEE'STRAINING 246
7.10.4 PROCESS MANAGEMENT 247
7.10.5 COMMUNICATION-TO-INFORM PROCESS 248
7.11 EVALUATION OF QMS IMPLEMENTATION PHASES 250
7 .11.1 QUALITY INTEGRATION PHASE 250
7 .11.2 QUALITY DAIL Y USE PHASE 252
7.11.3 QUALITY EVALUATION PHASE 253
7.12 CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY 254
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