HAL Id: inria-00072348
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072348
Submitted on 23 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Efficient Data and Program Integration Using Binding Patterns
Ioana Manolescu, Luc Bouganim, Françoise Fabret, Eric Simon
To cite this version:
Ioana Manolescu, Luc Bouganim, Françoise Fabret, Eric Simon. Efficient Data and Program Integra-
tion Using Binding Patterns. [Research Report] RR-4239, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072348�
ISRN INRIA/RR--4239--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
THÈME 3
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Efficient Data and Program Integration Using Binding Patterns
Ioana Manolescu — Luc Bouganim — Françoise Fabret — Eric Simon
N° 4239
August 2001
+,#-# &
.0/21"315461"3/87:9<;>=@?BADCFE?=HGI/8?#J21"3K:LNM*CPOFQ>1"3R</"KS;>9TOU1WVQ>9YXZ[CF\Q>K:=H]KSL^/83`_
a-bdcfehgi jlknm<opgrqts@u0otvxw@m[bdw@eIehgfySezsYu{b|vxmdg@}
v~ezs@grr}dwYmdmdrgrr}duw@mdm|sv tpsYm|ug>
PqtwgosYqts@gf
s|Ww@qogqtgru{bdgrqtu{b|gm"#<YiYHjdY|o@djN@ |sYYgr
[¡#¢r£f¤¦¥d§Y£Y¨ knm*opbdv -©ªw@qp«8}©gv~mYgropv~@sopgds¦o{ssYm|[|qpw@Yq{se¬vxm<opgrYq{s¦otvxw@mvxmTs ®¯dx~°*dv~opqtvx±|opg>
"gfgrqySopwYyS"gfgrqeIg>v s¦opv~wYm²sq{u{bdvxopg>u0op|qpg@³ha-b|ghu{bWs~xgrmdYghv~m´ezs«v~mdµWu{b¶sµp°otgfe·p|ufufgfg>´sos
sqtYgtufsYxgv -o©w®¯wY 2³¸v~q{o>}Wpb|sqtvxm|hshqtgrpwY|qtufgpbdw@d~±"ggrs@°8¹otbdgfqtg®¯w@qpg@}d©gmdgfg>µszv~ehdxg
ufwYm|ufgfo®¯wYqIehwdgf~vxmd´qpg>w@dq{ugrr³´ºg>uw@m|2}F©g[mdgrgr^sYm»g¼ufvxgrm@ozsq{u{bdvxopg>u0op|qpgz®¯w@qIdv~opqtvx±|opg>
½
dgrqp°5g¾grufopv~wYm'}ufsY|s±d~gµw®bWsm|~v~md»©gf~uw<otx°¿uw@ehdotsopv~wYm|*sm|¿ sqtYgD|s¦otsÀopq{sm|®¯gfq{f³
awTehwdgfPbdgfopgrqpw@Ygfm|gfwYWqtgrpwY|qtufgrr}2©ªghdqtwY"w@pgh|v~mdopb|gzdmdvxÁ|grÀsY±|otqts@u0otvxw@mHw®otsY±d~gI©vxopb
±|vxm|dvxmd|soopgrqpmWf}2pvxehd~g°@goWw¦©gfqp®¯d#gfmdw@dYbHopw*ursotdqtgdsotssm|µ|qpw@Yq{sezf³a'wg¾d~wYvxos
qtgrpwY|qtufg©vÂotbqpg>otqpv u0otgrh±dv~m|v~md|s¦opopgfqtm|r}Y©gdqtwY"w@pgsm[g¼uv~gfm<oªÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~mwY"gfq{s¦otwYq>}¦®¯wY~xw¦©-y
v~md*opbdgzuf~s@ppv~urs#vÂotgfq{s¦otwYqehwdgfS}2vxm¶©bdv u{b´©g±|dvx ´wYotvxehv~Års¦otvxw@mDotgru{bdmdv
½
dgr®¯w@qeIv~mdv~ehvxÅrvxmd
sqtYgds¦o{sopq{sm|®¯gfq{sm|Iuw<otx° ufwYehdo{s¦otvxw@m|f}sYm|ehs¾vxehv~Åfv~md|sq{s~xgrxv pe³#¸ddqpopb|gfqteIw@qpg@}¦wYdq
Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m w@WgrqtsopwYqFursm ±"g-op|mdgr opwgrxv~Ygrq#ehw<oFw®"vÂo{wYotdoPv~m otbdggrsYqp~°o{s@gr#w®Wopbdggf¾g>uy
otvxw@m,}Y©b|v~u{bzv Psmzv~ehWw@qo{sm<oUsYtpgoPv~ms°opgfe¬ehgrsYm@oF®¯w@qPbdezsmzv~m<opgfq{sYuopv~wYm,³FÆdqPdqtgf~v~eIv~m|sYqp°
gf¾Wgrqpv~ehgfm<otsYUgf¦sYx|sopv~wYmÀ¦s~v ds¦otgrotbdgdqtwY"w@pgrÀÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m»s~Yw@qpvxopbdezr}#sYm|Àpbdw¦©otbdgf°²ufsYm
|qpw¦v g@ww*"gfqp®¯wYqtehsYm|ugv~m
½
dgrqpv~gr-v~mYw@xv~mdIdv~opqtvx±|opg>|s¦otshsYm|[gf¾Wgrm|v~YgdqtwY@qtsYezf³
ǵÈ<É8ÊtË Ì ¤¦Í#¢Y¨ dsotssm|dqtwY@qtsYeBv~m<opgrYq{s¦opv~wYm'}dv~opqtvx±|opg>
½
dgrqp°dqtwug>ppvxm||}¦±dv~m|v~md|s¦opopgfqtm|
ÎPϯÐ#Ñ,ÏÓÒªÔYÕ2Ö{×:ÖØÙÚÛ×ÝÜ{Þ:Ùßnàá2Õ8Ü0âàãÖ{ßnàä8ÏÓÜÖ{â¦Ö>áåÖ{âÜ0ÚæÙç:ßè¦é#êæâ×:êëÖ>áìx×
íïî
Ñ'ÏÝð>å ÚëÖ{ñÜ0×:ÖtàSÜ0ׯòÔôóâêØÙ×ÝçSêàÓòõÜ{ì÷ö"Ù×ÝçãÖ{êæÚæÚæÙçøÖ{âùõϯÐÑ'ÏÓÒUÔ)Õ2Ö{×SÖØÙÚ÷Û×ÝÜ{ÞÝÙßnàá Õ8Ü0âàãÖ{ßnàä
ú èß0áû8Ü0èüÖ{âêæýé#Û×ÝêæçSýáèrØ>ç:þYáìx×
ÿ
ϯÐ#Ñ,ÏÓÒªÔYÕ2Ö{×:ÖØÙÚÛ×ÝÜ{Þ:Ùßnàá2Õ8Ü0âàãÖ{ßnàä¦×:Ö{âßÜ0êæçSÙ0áÖ{ñ×ÝÙàãé#êæâ×ÝêëÖ>áì~×
ϯÐ#Ñ,ÏÓÒªÔYÕ2Ö{×:ÖØÙÚÛ×ÝÜ{Þ:Ùßnàá2Õ8Ü0âàãÖ{ßnàäW×Ýêæß0áðrêæýÜ0âé#êæâ×ÝêëÖ>áìx×
#& &÷&T,- *&÷ ª&
¢ ¨ sYm|-ugq{s|Ww@qo>}@mdw@|ªopWvxw@m|ªvxm<otfYq{s¦otvxw@mgwYmdm|fgrªgogdqpw@Yq{sehehgrP|sm|
|mdgHsq{u{bdvxopg>u0op|qpgµp°<ehfopqtv
½
dg@}-ufwYehd~cotgfehgfm<o*v opqtvx±d|fgY³BwYdq
½
dm¿otgf°opcfehgHpwYvxog¼hy
ursYufgIYq{smWg>u{bdgf~~gY}dgr¾[dqtwY±d~cfehg>wYv~Ygrm@ootqpgqtrpwY~|r³#UqpgreIv~cfqtgfehgrm@o>}xg|sYqo{s@gdmdg
qtgrtpwYdq{ugwYvxoopqtg®ÝsYuv~~gY}dw xg±"grpwYv~m!dmTehrursmdv peIgpvxehd~gWw@dqrufqpv~qtgufgrqpg>ppwY|qtufgrr³
"Um||vÂotgY}Um|wY|IsYw@m|±"grpwYv~m5dmdgµsYqtu{bdvxopg>u0otdqpg[g¼ufs@ugWw@dq#g¾rufopv~wYm v~opqtv~±ddfgTg>qtgy
½
$fopg>f}ufsY|s±d~gg¾rufopgrq g> ufsY~ufd uw&%opgr¾´gfogropq{sm|®¯gfqpot g[w@mdmdfg>Yw@x|eIv~mdgr|g>f³
w@dqehwrxv grqzgrIqtgrtw@dqtufgr bdotfqtwYYcrmdgrr}Fmdw@| |qpw@Ww<w@m|!otvx~v grqI~gTuwYmWugfdoIdm|vÂÁ|µg
o{s±d~gHs@gruµg>[|sootgfqtm|[sYuruc>f}pvxehd~gDezsv [s@ppgfÅHddv ptsm<o["wYdqrufqpv~qtgDgrwYm|mdfg>go
dgr|qpw@Yq{sehehgrr³[wYdq g¾d~wYvxopgfq dmdgqtgrtw@dq{ugzsYg>uzgr |s¦opopgfqtm|!s@ufuc>f}#mdw@|dqtwY"w@pwYmW
|m²sYx@wYqtvÂotbdehghg¼ufs@ughWw@dq#w@WrqtsopgrdqÃvxm||ÄYw@vxm,}#|vx¦sm<o~gzehwdcf~gzvÂotfq{s¦opgrdq>}'dsmWxg
½
dgf
m|wY|Fehgfoopw@m|Fgrmzw<grdqpgg>opg>u{bdmdv
½
dgrP!w@opv~ehv~ts¦otvxw@mI"wY|qPqp>dv~qpg~grFopq{sm|®¯gfqpotFgwYmdm|fgr
@wY~dehvxm|gf|pgrr}qp>dv~qpgªxg>#urs ud uw&%opgr¾2}¦goehs¾vxehv grq~g-|sq{s~xrxv peIg@³ gªd~|r}mdwYopqtgUwY"fq{s¦y
otgfdqgÃvxm||ÄYw@vxm²"gfo'fopqtgzehwdvÂÁ|z"wY|qdqtwddvxqtgz sTdx||sqpo gpgrqtrpdxots¦o{sÀr±dog
#g¾rufopv~wYm,}|dmdg
½
|sYxvxopv~ehWw@qo{sm<opg |sm||mD°opcfehgs°<sm<ogrdopv~xv psopgrdqtb<|ehsYvxmWf³(wotqpg
r¦s~|s¦otvxw@m[g¾"gfqtvxehgrm@o{s~gdqprxv~ehvxmWsv~qpg¦s~v~g~grsYx@wYqtvÂotbdehgr-gÃvxmWdÄYw@vxmdqtwY"w@prr}goehwYmy
otqpg
½
!v~~z"gf|Ygfm<o[soopgrvxmWqpgDdgrh±"wYmdmdg>z"gfqp®¯wYqtehsYm|ug>zdsmWgrqpg
½
)opg>z|q[gr[wYmdm|fgr
dv~opqtvx±|dfg>-godqtwY@qtsYeIehg>ªufw %otgf¾2³
* Ì £>¢ Ê § + ¢h¨ vxm<oprYq{s¦otvxw@mgw@mdmdrgrPgfogdqtwYYq{sehehgrr}¦otqtsYvÂotgfehgfm<oªgqpg
½
$otgrUdv~opqtvx±|dfg>f}
Ws¦ootgfqtm|sYurucr
3 !" 'z
U
a-b|gfqtgv~s@qpw¦©v~mdv~m<opgfqtgroUv~motbdgtuv~gfm<opvxÁWuuwYehedmdvxo°otwsYx~w¦©uwYehedmdvxopv~grPwY®,|pgfq{54:sd³«"³sd³
v~qot|s8w@qp<smdv~Årsopv~wYm|(6otwhpb|sYqpgqpg>w@dq{ugruw@m|pv~opv~mdIw®±"wotb|s¦otshufwY~xg>u0opv~wYmWsYm|sdd~v ufs¦otvxw@m
|qpw@Yq{sezf³a-bdv v v~wYmHv~±"groqtg7|g>u0otgrµ±°µqtgrugrm<ov~mdvÂotv~sopv~Yg>p|u{b´s@otbdg98:qtv~¶ªwYehdotvxmd;
|qpwYgru0o=<ë?>ã}>opb|sosv~ez'souw@m|otqpWu0opv~mds@8ehgo{suw@eI|opgrqA;2B,s sqtYgFpurs~gY}¦v otqpv~±dotgrufwYehdotvxmd
grm<v~qtwYmdehgfm<o>}@otb|s¦o|qpw¦v grªopq{smW|sYqpgrm<o-s@ufug>pªotwzbdvx@bd~°bdgotgfqtwY@gfmdgrwY|qtgrpwYdq{ug>f³
awµvx~~|otqtsopg@}#ufwYm|pv~dgfqsµtuv~gfm<opvxÁWusYdd~v~urs¦opv~wYm´opbWs¦o v~mYwY~Yg>o©ªwTv~ezsYg|s¦otsY±|sYpgr2C>³µÆm
pvxopgHº!D}opbdgrqpgDv sÀufwY~xg>u0opv~wYm¿wY®v~m®¯q{sqtgr¿ts¦opgrx~vxopgµv~ehsYYg>zw®opbdg "Usqpopb,}-o{s«@gfm¿gf@gfqt°Àopbdqtgfg
b|wYdq{f}opw@qpg>[v~m[otbdgE:k¸²®¯w@qpezs¦o>³UÆmpvÂotg ºGF}d|s¦ots®¯qtwYe÷shvIH8gfqtgfm<opsopgf~~vÂotgpdqtYgr°zb|sY-±"gfgrm
|qpwug>ppgr vxm<otwsezsIw®Wopbdgw@Åfw@mdguw¦YgrqwY®|otbdg"Usqpopb'}¦otsY«YgfmIgf@gfqt°©ªgrgf«8¹otbdv Fds¦o{sv Fs¦sv~~sY±d~g
v~mKJ ¸L4#MµvxgrqtsYqtu{bdv ufsY.zsots9NwYqtezs¦o(6³FÆmhpvÂotgºPO}YsYmIsYdd~v~urs¦opv~wYmKQ,w¦©ÆÅrwYmdgRBJ ¸=S·±"w<w@xg>sm,³
(w¦©}"pdd"w@pgotb|s¦osWgrq©-sm<ot8notw[qtgotqpv~gf@gwYm¶vxopghº*TWsv~qtw®Uv~ezsYg>o{s«Ygrmµ®¯qtwYe opbdgo©w
pwY|qtufgr®¯w@qotbdw@pgds°©bdgfmDopbdgrqpgI©ªgrqpg mdwotv~ufgrs±|xgbdwY~grvxmDopbdgIwYÅrwYmdg ufw¦YgrqA;0³º|u{b¶s
½
dgrqp°
ezs°qtg
½
dv~qtgotbdg®¯wY~xw¦©v~mdzsYuopv~wYm|UB04V6g¾opq{sYuo-v~ezs@grª®¯qpw@e º F sYm|[opq{sm|®¯gfq-otbdgfe÷opwpvÂotgºPOY}
4SW6pgf~gruootbdw@pgv~ehsYYg>-opb|sodqtgrpgfm<obdw@xg>v~mµopb|g wYÅrwYmdgufw¦Ygrq|pvxmdopbdgQ,w¦©ÆÅfw@mdgdqtwYYq{se
w@m¶pvxopgºGOX4¯©gzsYt|eIgIotb|s¦odqtwY@qtsYehufsYm´w@md~°Dg¾grufopghw@mHotbdgfv~qm|s¦otvx@gzvxopgsYm|´ursmdm|wo±Wg
pbdv~d"gr opbdqtwYd@bopb|gm|go©wYqt«G6}sm|Y4Ýi.6'w@±otsYvxm opbdg-dsopgrs@ppwuv s¦opg>©vxopbopbdg-qtgrpdÂotvxm|v~ezsYg>f}
gf¾opq{sYu0ov~ezsYg>ª®¯wYq-opb|grpgds¦otgr®¯qtwYeº D sYm|*opq{sm|®¯gfqotbdgfe÷opw[º*T@³
"P@gfmÀvx®s~Fopb|grpgqpg>w@dq{ugrsYqpgzv~m<opgrqtufwYmdmdg>u0otgr¶v~sµsTehv d~gf©-sqtg°opgfeT}FgrYgf~wY|vxmdµsYm
sYdd~v~urs¦otvxw@mdqtwYYq{se6opbWs¦ovxehd~gfehgfm<o{#opbdg
½
dgfqt°qpg
½
dvxqtv~mdopb|g-sY±Ww¦@gUsYuopv~wYm|ufwYd ±"gUotgrv~wYWf³
"P¾v opv~md´ehg>v~sopw@qw@q ®¯g>gfq{s¦otgr^|s¦otsY±|sYpg[p°otgfezf}ª|u{b sYkÃ[Z s¦o{sYÄ@wYv~mdgfq>}=:sqtxv u\<~>V>S}
a#pvxehehv~]<^V>ã}go{u³~}d©ªw@d bdgrx*®¯wYqopb|gb|sYqpv~mdw®#|s¦ots|}±doopb|gf°[ufdqpqtgfm<otx°wImdwYopdd"wYqpo-opbdg
pb|sYqpv~mdIw®Fv~opqtv~±dopg>2}bdgfopgfqtwY@gfmdgrwY|r}|pgfqpyãgfÁ|mdg>®¯dmWu0opv~wYmWf³
Q'g>ºgrxg>u0ozv~hsH®¯d~x°^dv~opqtvx±|opg>^ehgrdv~sopwYqhp°opgreøopbWs¦ohb|sYI±"gfgfm¿pWg>uvxÁWufsYx~°»grpv~Ymdg>Àopw
®Ýs@uv~xvxotsopgzotbdg[|d±d~v~urs¦opv~wYmÀwY®qpg>w@dqtufgr©vxopbdv~m^sµv~qot|sªuwYehedmdvxo°Y}Fsm|¶otwDgfmWs±d~g|pgfq{opw
®¯w@qped s¦opg bdvx@byãxgrYgf
½
dgfqtv~grw¦@gfqdd±d~v~pbdg>DqtgrpwYdq{ug>9<xV_?>ã³aw[|d±d~v~pbHqtgrpwYdq{ug>mdgrgrg>T®¯wYq
w@dqg¾dsYeI|xgzdqtwY±|xgre}©ªgzv~m|otsYxUsXQ'g>ºgrxg>u0o pgfqtYgrqwYm²grs@u{b¶pvÂotgY}#g¾dugroº*T<³ "Us@u{b²qpg>w@dqtufg
v dd±d~v bdg>Hv s*s*©q{sd"gfq>}8dqpw¦v grD±<°Totbdghdd±d~v bdgrqr³ sotsuwY~~gru0otvxw@m|sm|HdqtwYYq{sezsqtg
|d±d~v~pbdgrIsYqtgf s¦opv~wYmWs@ots±|xg>#opbdqtwYd@bopb|grpg©q{s|Wgrqt°vxgr~v~mdW}®¯wYqvxmWo{sm|ufgY}¦otbdgots±|xg>©b|w@pg
tu{bdgrehs@sqtgIdv~pd s°Ygr´v~m²¸#v~YdqtgµY³:v~Ygrm¶opbdg>gho{s±d~grr},otbdg[º!`aQ
½
dgfqt°Hpbdw¦©m¶vxmÀ¸#vx@dqtg
ufwYd *±Wgv ppdg>*sovxopgº*TotbdqtwYd@b*sKQ,gºgf~gruou~vxgrm@ov~m<opgrq®Ýs@ugY³
a-bdgTuw@m<opqtvx±ddopv~wYm»wY®opbdv I|s"gfqIv otwHdqtw¦v~dg*s
½
dgrqp°²dqtwug>ppvxm|Hsq{u{bdvxopgruopdqtg[sYm|»mdgr©
sYx@wYqtvÂotbdezotw*g>s#©vÂotbDopb|g g¼ufvxgrm@odqtwugrtpvxmdzwY®Popb|g «vxmWdwY®
½
dgfqtv~gr©vxopbbQ,gºgf~gruouw@d
~v~«Ygf~°[g>sS³c´g|pgopb|gg¾dsehd~gopwhg¾d sv~m*w@dq-opg>u{bdmdv ufsY,uwYm<otqpv~±dotvxw@m|f³
¸#v~qtor}-|dWw<g*opbWs¦ozopb|gehg>sYpdqpgrehgfm<otIw®ºGFµuw¦@gfqhs¶Wgrqpv~w^wY®opv~ehg®¯wYdqhotvxehgrh~wYm|Ygfq
otb|smHopbdw<gw®ºD³a-b|f}8w@mdx°ÀdwY®Popb|g otdd~grw®ªºGF©v~x"wYv~me4ÝwYmHopbdghds¦otgsoopqtv~±dopgV6©vxopb
otdd~grw®ªº D },smWµgrs@u{bµopd|xgIw®ªº F ©v~xYgrmdgfq{s¦otgE^zotdd~grv~mDopb|gqtgrpdxow®UopbdgwYv~me4:º D b|s@5^
v~ezs@grWgrqds°P60³/Jgrm|ug@},otbdgwYv~m¶±"go©gfgrm´kºs¦osmW²ÆÅrwYmdgºs¦ov mdwopgf~gru0otvx@gY}'sYm|´eIw<o
gf¾v~opv~md²wYotvxehv~Årsopv~wYm opg>u{bdmdv
½
|grz~vx«@gf<W}riV>©vx~Ygrmdgfq{s¦otgµsg` "U vxm¿©bdv u{b opbdgD|qpg>v~urs¦otg
hAikj
ÙêæýÖ{ü0ÙßÜ0ÚæÚæÙßnàSêæÜ0âç Ö{×ÝÙ ØÙׯò ßÚæÜ0ç:ÙÚòøêæâçSÛ>êæ×:Ùùøì~×ÝÜ0ý ×:ÙÖ{ÚlÓÚæêìxÙ÷ù¦ÖtàãÖ·çSÜ0è×ÝßÙçpÔ ÖØ0Ö{êæÚëÖ{ñÚæÙ Ötà
mn2n(o!prq2qs2s2s!tu2uvw.txsyu2w.t)v(z({Uq2z|(n|qw(}A~UoUqUyq Ö{âùa
n(o!pz|2|w.tUu
w.tx|u|Gt} Pt
LowOzone
(imgHDF) boolean
σ LowOzone
S4
π
S3 S2
IRSat(irID, S4 date,imgGif)
OzoneSat(ozID,date,imgHDF)
select ir.mgGif, oz.imgHDF, oz.date from S1:IRSat ir, S2:OzoneSat oz where ir.date=oz.date
and S3:LowOzone(oz.imgHDF)=true Query Q
date
IRSat OzoneSat
S1 S2
S1
! "#%$&(')+*,-.0/13246578-%579232$5$!$1-23'/,$&(4;:<)>=?5A@B$1-2C/1D'E/F47478)D>G%9H>%5/,1
'-)$1I:7JF5K@>L
M7N /O;P;Q/1RS57ATU4V'E6=</,7&(2(8W>=</,7S57JXY/1Z/1Z2$57!:$4VO;2%2Z1C$,HA5/,1-4 ;$1-2Z[\$8E/],9@AL
^S/O]_`$4D1/572a1cbd[%_ efg_h=U$iH$HKJj4+-472k=</ N /O;P;Q/1!$5#%l_hm5\OU/)n2k8W(8E565+57/
H/&('%5S5JUXY/1Zo-K465_471-H N /O;P;Q/,1SO))`8W\$'')2Z/,1Cej57&(4U=<OUB]$)94/=h57J-D&0$,
5J-$1Cm5UO/,)2(=h5OUp>G%H%5792(o-K4Y59Lq/jH/'WpO57J05J4/8E467]$5/,1h_OUp'471F5V1-OrH$,HKJ>s
8E$472t$)/,757J&04(5/u'W7=</&vG 'W1E46]w47)H>57/1-4057J-$531F],/x,y'-8)47J2r'7/,K$&04z57J946
$),/m5J&04U1-$8)D5J\1K$5/,1C/=>{ZH1,5;|;}~4_-$,42%4H>8E92C1b[fgL
S/O\_-46-''E/F46D5J-$5p5JBXY/1i4p>G%H%5792Zo-K465_-$,4p46J-/O131yo-( z5pn457Jp'W7=</&!92
/,1I#-/D/1#%L 1w8W/57JIH$,4694_W57J-4+1,5K$)4S57J-j5$1-46=<D/=$C)$7,j$&(/,1F5;/=U2$5K$C8W>5YOU1
5J47!5YO/i47m54z47&()$7)._`5J07946-)m5+/=57J+XY/,146J-/)n2k8W(57K$1-47&(m575792k5/# l L(^p/OU]_`8 .
1-/571j57J-$55JP;Q/,19#%$5&0$94$7;/1).012%92C/,1y#%lD$1-2y# F_FOJ-)D57JDYS#%$5B&0$,4U$
1-22C2H>57).0/1y#%_%OU;H>/,)n2C$]/,2Z&($1 .!-11H447$7.(&0$S57K$1-46=<K4LU)21!/1C57J946
'W/1F54_hOU!'-79461,5$1I$HKJ579HA57($1E2a$),/m5J&04S5J-$5\1-$8)0$1I/'WK$5/+/=B$|;}V~5J-$5
1-2-457/'7/%H44$\)$7,p2$5K$\4Y57EHA57-7:10/,VH$47_ N /O;P;Q/,1BOJHKJ0n4G%H>572(/,1Z4657D#%l9@
5/02%H>57).0=<>5KHKJim5=</&57J47m5+OJ+m5pn4'8-)n46J-2_OJ-HKJy1i/,pH$,46D4;# L
1-$)).,_/,\*,-.k>G$&(')('/]Fn2%94;&0$1F.w/''W/7571-m594D=</+'-$K$)))47&iL(# -''E/F46(5J-$5
47],K$)H/&('%5K4S$7$]$)n$8)\/1w#l5/Z>G%H%5757Jj'/K$& N /O;P;Q/1,LU 1k57Jn4;H$47_E57J
/,'E$57/,j157Jw|;}~47'E/,1-468)y=</(57J-y1 ]/%H$57/1c/= N /O;P;Q/,1y47J/,)2cK$H>=<)).u47H$)
-'c5/&!/,157/0&j)57')'E$K$)))UG%H>57/1-4(/=
N
/O;P;Q/1-I:<57Jn4Z$&(/,1F54j57/1F57K$s/'WK$57/,
'E$K$)))n46&Z@>L
N
/O;P;Q/1!46J/,)n2k8WZ$8)5/i'7/%H44+P;Q/1#%$5+&0$4DOJ)j1O&0$94+$
/O157J/-JZ5J+1>5YOU/xj57/04657\# l L 1C5J4U'-$'E_%OUD'7/,'E/F46D$KHKJ57H>57K$)`H>/,&('E/,11F54
$1-2I'-$K$)))&!'-)&!1F5$5/,1/=$1$)/57J&5J-$5!46'-'E/,65K4+8E/57J1,5$sS$1-2I1F577s/'WK$57/,
'E$K$)))n46&iLS/,1-j5Jn4_OU+1K$)QS5J$47. 1-HKJ/1/,-4m5K$57/1C579HKJ1n*,-\'79461F57231abf
5/('-$K$)))QD'/,$&>G%H%57/1-4_$1E2Z5$1-4Y=<4B/='/,$&$&(1,5K4L
qBJn4'-$'W44Y57-H>5720$,4=</,))/Op4L# H>57/13[\>G%')n$1-457J-S8-$,46nH'1EH>')94=</,V'8-)n46J-1
2-$5$D$1E2'/,$&041 N 9# )9HA59L 1Z# 9HA57/1(_OU2%4H>8EU57J-B*F7.\'-7/%H>947471;1%=<K$4657-HA5
/= N 9#%)HA59_pO57J$=</ H-43/1543>G%H%57/1r&(/%2%);$1E2t57Ja>{ZH>1F5y&($1-$,&(1F5C/=\)$7,
2-$5$Z57K$1-46=<K4zWOU5J1a1F57/%2%-H5J(1-2,/1w$1-2kU1E2HH44S)/,H$)/,'E$57/,4_EE4692i=</
|qpw@Yq{se vxmYwurs¦opv~wYm¶sm|H~sYqp@gI|s¦ots[opq{smW®¯grqr³knm²ºg>u0otvxw@mH|}'©ªghgrtuqtv~±Wghg¼ufvxgrm@os~Yw@qpvxopb|eh
®¯w@qopbdgzÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m¶sYm|²Ãªv~m|durug>pwY"gfq{s¦otwYq{f}2grm|ufsY|pd~sopv~mdTufsYu{b|ghsYm|´|sq{s~xgrxv pe¹#s wW}2©ªg
pbdw¦© bdw¦© opbdgdqpg>grm|ugw®,dd~v ufs¦otgrªufsmz±"ggf¾|xw@vÂotgrhotwvxehdqtw¦Ygotbdgg>sqtx° opdd~gw@op|oªq{s¦otg
wY®'wY|q-Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m*sYx@wYqtvÂotbdeT³Fºgru0otvxw@m _ dqtgrpgfm<otg¾"gfqtvxehgrm@o{s8qtgrpdÂo{gf¦s~|s¦otvxm| otbdgdqpw@Ww<g>
Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~msYx@wYqtvÂotbdeT³'c¶gv puf|t-qpgr~sopgr*©wYqt«sm|Tuw@m|u~|gv~mDºgruopv~wYmD³
&*f * & ¶zU
a-b|g®¯w@x~w¦©vxm|opgfWsYqpgqtg
½
dv~qpg>zvxmwYq{grqUotwd|±dxv pb*sY2&G(/4ÝdsotsIuw@x~gruopv~wYmw@q|qpw@Yq{se 6
v~mXQ,gºgf~gruoUB04V6-grtuqtvx±"gvÂos@-wYmdgw@qeIw@qpgqtgf s¦opv~wYmWs"otsY±dxg>f}k4SW6-ufqpg>s¦opgsI©q{sd"gfq®¯wYqvxosmW
4:iR6qtgf@v~opgrqopbdg©q{s|Wgrq©vÂotb»sXQ,g>ºgf~gru0oIgrqp@gfq>³a-b<Wf}#wYmÀsm°´dd±d~v~pbdv~mdDpvÂotgY}sXQ,g>ºgf~gru0o
pgfqtYgrqbWsY#opw±"g-qpdm|mdvxm||³#knm otbdv~Ug>u0opv~wYm'}©ªg-dqtgrpgfm<o#opbdg@gfmdgrqpv uªeIwgrw®Wots±|xg>©vÂotbI±|vxm|dvxmd
Ws¦ootgfqtm|r}dsm|*©ªgdgrtuqtvx±"gopbdgv~m<opgfqp®ÝsYufg±"go©gfgrmT©qtsYdWgrqt-sYm| Q,g>ºgf~gru0opgfqtYgrqtr³
"!$#%'&)(*#+#%!,(*-#%./!0!./#123(*
knm Q'g>ºgrxg>u0o>}@s~dd|±dxv pbdgrhqtgrpwYdq{ug>Fsqtg-eIwgrxg>zsYo{s±d~grr}@sYm|h©ggrtuqtvx±"g-opb|ggfoUw®8|sYqtsYey
gfopgrqpv~Åfg> pgf~gru0opyS|qpwYgru0o
½
|gfqtvxg>'otb|s¦oFufsYm ±"gª|qpwug>ppgrw¦Ygfq#grs@u{bv~m|v~<v |sY<ots±|xg|pvxmdopb|g-ufwYmy
ufgfoFwY®|±dv~m|v~md|s¦opopgfqtmIvxm<opqtw|ufgrv~m <x¦U>S³¿±dv~m|v~md|s¦opopgfqtm5476 ®¯w@qFso{s±d~g98;:=< D?> < F@>BACABAC> < D3E0}
v sehsYddv~mdI®¯qpw@eGFH<PD > <*F >BACABAC> <
DJI
opwIopbdgsYxdbWs±"goKF?4 >ML
I
³a-bdgehgrsm|vxmdhwY®'opb|g±|vxm|dvxmdh|soy
otgfqtmv otbdg-®¯wY~xw¦©v~mdB,opb|w@pgN< O8otb|s¦oP4Q6IezsY|#opw;4sqtg\G }YvS³g@³x}YopbdgrvxqP¦sYxdg>Fe WoF±"g|dd~vxg>
v~mTwYq{gfq-otwwY±dotsv~mTvxmd®¯wYqtehsopv~wYm*®¯qpw@eR8}|©bdvx~g¦s~dg>w®Fs¦opopqtvx±ddopgrehsYd"gropw L sqtg®¯qpgrgY}Wv:³gY³
otbdgf°hufsYmh±WgwY±o{sv~mdgr®¯qtwYe)opbdg|s¦otspwY|qtufgsYPpwwYmsYPsYx|gr®¯w@qªs~14-soopqtv~±dopg>UsYqpgpddd~v~gr2³
knmÀotbdg[ursYpgw®sDdsotsµqtgrpwY|qtufgIehwgrxg>»sYsµots±|xgS8 }#sµ±|vxm|dvxmd´|s¦opopgrqpm²otb|s¦o ezsY| sYx
sootqpv~±dotgrzwY®8 opw L v~m|v ufs¦otgrhotb|s¦ozotbdgµotdd~grzwY®K8 ufsYm¿±WgHdvxqtgruop~°^wY±dotsv~mdg>5v s²s»ºufsYm
w@Wgrqtsopv~wYm,³#¸dw@q#v~m|otsYm|ug@}¦opbdg±|vxm|dvxmdWs¦ootgfqtmzÆÅrwYmdgºs¦oV4¯w@Åfk KT dsopg T vxeh.J ¸ T 6#v~m|v ufsopgr#otb|s¦o
s ®¯d~'tufsm*w®opbdv otsY±dxgv s~xw¦©gr 4¯dd"gfqtuqtv~ot-grmdwotgotbdgezsddv~md®¯wYqg>sYu{b*sootqpv~±dotg?60³P
qtgropqtv u0opg>I±dvxmWvxm||s¦opopgrqpmX4¯vS³gY³~}@v~mz©bdv u{bw@eIgsootqpv~±dotgrFezshotw;46ezs° qtg7Wgru0oUsYmzwYotvxehv~Åfg>
s@ufufgrt,ehgotbdw®¯wYqopb|w@pgªs¦opopqtvx±|opg>f}¦w@q#sYm sYurugrt,qtgropqtv u0opv~wYmv~ehWw<g>±°opbdgqtgrpwYdq{ugPezsYm|s@gfq>³
a-b|?U8ÆÅfwYm|g>ºso?4¯w@Åfk T dsopg?VvxehRJ ¸ T 6"grufvÂÁ|g>opb|so-opbdg¦s~dgw®,otbdgds¦otgs¦ootqpv~±dotgb|sYªopw
±"gpddd~vxg>vxmwYq{gfq-otwhwY±o{sv~m[otdd~gr-®¯qtwYe ÆÅrwYmdgºs¦o>³
*È W Xݤ È È Y £>¢ Ì1Y ¡+Ì ¡[Z¡ +=Xݧ@¥£CX Ì1Y ©ªgg¾d sv~mdgr[vxmTºgruopv~wYm´Y}"grufv~sYWw@opv~ehvxÅ>s¦otvxw@m
otgru{bdm|v
½
dg>ursmD±"gWg>T®¯wYq
½
dgfqtvxg>v~mYw@xv~md±d~wY±|r³knmHwYq{grqopwTs|dx°otbdgrpgotgru{bdmdv
½
dgrr}8©ªg
"w@pgw@ehgqtg
½
dv~qtgfehgfm<otw@m*otbdgehwgf~vxm|IwY®#sIo{s±d~g©vÂotb±|xw@±|f³
\È]Y X¯£HXÌJY_^2` +Ì ¡ba mµsoopqtv~±dopgdcwY®'o{s±d~gdev sh±dxw@±*vIHB
f
cv~gruf~sYqpg>zopwz±"gw®opbdg Q'g>ºgrxg>u0odsotso°Wg±|vxm|sYqp°8¹
f
v®*c v~ezsd"grTotw L ±°pwYehg±dv~m|v~md*|s¦opopgfqtmµw®geI}Wopbdgrmhe)ufwYm<otsYvxmWspehsYxxynv~Åfg>soy
opqtvx±|opgK4ji=k@4jlm ©bdv u{bv gfm<opvxÁ|g>*c 4Ýv:³gY³~}Wu{bhopb|soUopb|g®¯dm|uopv~wYm|sY"dgf"gfm|grm|u°S4jink@4jlm S
cbdwY d(60¹
f e b|s@s¦o~grsYo-opbdg±|vxm|dvxmdzWs¦ootgfqtm e :4ji=k@4jlm V c T E0³
a-b|gTu{b|wYv ugw®g>u sqtvxm|¶sYm5s¦opopqtvx±|opgµsYzs´±d~wY± v~I~g®Óozotw´otbdgTdd±d~v bdgrqr¹s@v~m¿uwYehehgfq{uv s
Ã[ZHºr}Fs¦ootqpv~±dotgr©vÂotb^sDpvxÅrgYqtgrsopgrqopb|sYm^sµ@vx@gfm¶opbdqtgrpbdw@~ 4ÝgY³|³~}PsT®¯gf©±6bdw@d À±Wg
dgru sqtgr5sYI±d~wY±|r³5¸|wYqzsm°À±d~wY±^opb|sozv~hd|±dxv pbdgr2}ªwYqzuqtgrsopg>»±°»s¶dqpw@Yq{seT}Fvx®opb|g±|xw@±
ezs° ±Wg´wY±o{sv~mdgr¿v~m`s
½
dgrqp° 4 AA}v *ehsYd"gr¿otw L vxm+so*~grs@o[w@mdgH±|vxm|dvxmd^|s¦opopgfqtm6}©ªg
qtg
½
dv~qtg s±d~wY±|k sootqpv~±dotg ®¯w@qursYu{bdv~mdd|qp"w@pgrsm|µ®¯wYqwYotvxehv~Åfv~md[±|xw@±µopq{sm|®¯gfq>³Ãª~wY±|k
sYqpg¶°opgreyãYgrmdgfq{s¦otgr¿v~m+otbdgÀufsYpgHwY® dd±|xv b|gr`|s¦ots5qtgrpv~v~md5vxmBsm Ã[ZHº8³-knms^pvxehd~gfq
pgopopv~md|}sT~sYqp@gIdsots*wY±g>u0ov |p|s~x°´otwYqtgr´vxm²sTgr|sq{s¦otg Á|~gY}©bdw@pgzuw@eI|xgfopghm|sehg 4Ýv:³gY³
b|w@o2d>ÁWxgrm|sehg?6Pufsmz±"gWg>zsYUs±dxw@±dk ³<¸|wYqUgf¾dsehd~gY}@pdd"w@pgotb|s¦o-smzknehªw@m<@gfqpoPdqtwYYq{se
v sYdd~vxg>µwYmTotbdghÆÅrwYmdgºs¦ovxezs@grv~mµotbdgtsehd~g
½
dgfqt°vxmH¸#v~Ydqtg@}|otw[uw@m<@gfqpovÂovxm<otw :k¸
®¯w@qpezsor³^º|u{b sH|qpw@Yq{se ots«@grhsYv~mddos´±dxw@±5¸#v~xgD¦}Fotbdg®¯wYqtezs¦oIufwgrIw®opbdgTv~mddosmW
w@op|ohÁ|xg@}ªsYm|^|qpw|ufgrhs¶¸v~~gUF±d~wY± qpg>dxor³5knehªwYm@gfqpoe Wozb|s@g*sehw@md´vxoth±|vxm|dvxmd
Ws¦ootgfqtm|b4ݸ#vx~g F k V ¸#v~xg
TF
EBÀopb|g²¸#v~xg F k s¦opopqtvx±|opg¶v~qtg
½
dv~qpg>+pvxm|ufgDotbdg²dqpw@Yq{seïg¾Ww@qo{*s
±|vxm|dvxmdzWs¦ootgfqtmT©bdgfqtg¸#vx~g F v -®¯qtgfg@³º|u{bµsYmTsootqpv~±dotgv~mdwomdg>ug>ptsqt°z®¯wYq¸#v~xg D pvxm|ufgopbdgrqpg
v Pm|wqpg>s|dsotsotw±"gg¾opq{sYuopg> y#wYmhotbdguw@m<opq{sqt°Y}w@mdx°h¸#vx~g D b|sYPopw±"gpddd~vxg>2³Fa-bdg©q{sd"gfq
wY®-sTqtgrpwY|qtufg otb|s¦oufqpg>s¦otgr±d~wY±|e |o sYtv~Ym´opwµg>sYu{b¶dqtwd|ug>´±|xw@±²sµp°otgfeIyã©v~gz|mdv
½
dg
v grm@otvÂÁWgfq>}#g@³W³x}#±°¶sYd"gfm|v~mdµotbdg[b|w@o m|sehg[sYm|Àsµ~wufsªqpgf®¯gfqtgfm|ufgY³µ¸#vxmWs~x°@}otbdg[qtgropqtv u0opg>
s@ufufgrtF|s¦opopgrqpmhotw±d~wY±|Uv~ª|pgrh±° otbdgw@opv~ehvxÅrgfqUopw ufwYm|opqt|u0o0` "P»b|sYm|~vxmd ±dxw@±|Pgf¼uv~gfm<op~°Y}
s@-©ªgpbdw¦©`v~m*opbdgmdgf¾og>u0opv~wYm'³
knmgQ,gºgf~gruor}#sTdqpw@Yq{se ursm²±"gsYtv~ehvx s¦otgrHopwµsTvxqpop|sYotsY±dxgX4:sd³«"³s*otsY±dxgh®¯|m|u0otvxw@m6sY
v~mf<id}_?>ã³ c´g|pg±dv~m|v~mdz|s¦opopgrqpm|otwzv~opv~md@dv~pbopbdgsootqpv~±dotgropbWs¦ouw@qpqtgrp"wYm|opwhdqtwYYq{se
sYqp@dehgfm<ot54¯©bdv u{b[m|gfgrzopwI±Wg|dd~vxg>v~mopb|g
½
dgfqt°P6F®¯qtwYe¬otbdw@pgotb|s¦ouw@qpqtgrpWw@m|IopwdqtwYYq{se
qtgrpdxotr³¸|wYq#g¾dsehd~gY}otbdgpgow®d±|vxm|dvxmd|soopgrqpmW'wY®dopbdgknehªw@m<@gfqpo'dqtwY@qtsYeBg>pufqpv~±"grsY±Ww¦@g
v~m|ufx|dgr 4ݸdw@qpezso
VD
¸|wYqtezs¦o
VF
¸v~~g
VD
¸v~~gUFkKT 60³¶ufug>ppv~mdDknehªw@m<@gfqpo®¯wY~xw¦©v~mdµotbdv |sootgfqtm
w@md~°Àqpgfopdqtm| opbdgTk w®opbdgTwYdopdozv~ezsYg@¹Uotbdgf4ݸ#vx~g F k V ¸v~~g
TF
6 ±|vxm|dvxmd²|sootgfqtm^dqtgrpgfm<opg>
sY±Ww¦@gPdqtw¦v~g>2®¯w@qdqtwY"gfq#±d~wY±bWsm|~v~md|³knm,Q,gºgf~gruor}sYm<°d|±dxv pbdgr qpg>w@dqtufgPv ,otb<Wehwgrxg>
s@sots±|xg©vxopbT±dv~m|v~mdz|s¦opopgrqpm|r³
n #3 !$#1 d!9!!,.J
knmµszdsotshv~m<opgf@qtsopv~wYm°opgfeT}|sh©q{s|Wgrqb|sY-o©whvxeh"wYqpotsYm@o®¯|m|u0otvxw@m|f³¸#vxq{o>}dvxobdwY d-ehgo{s¦y
|s¦otsuwYmWugfqtmdv~mdotbdgªqtgrpwY|qtufgr8otb|s¦o#vÂog¾"wYqpotr}>~v~«YgPo{s±d~gªsYm|soopqtv~±dopgªm|sehg>f}soopqtv~±dopgUo°Wg>f}
gfotuY³#º|u{bvxmd®¯wYqtehsopv~wYmv |g>2}®¯wYq#v~m|o{sm|ufgY}±°opbdg
½
dgfqt°wYotvxehv~Åfgfq>}wYq#±°bdezsYm|pgfq{'±dqtw¦©y
v~mdhotbdgds¦o{shufs¦o{s~wYW³UºgrufwYm|2}|©qtsYdWgrqt-ezs°|qpw¦v g
½
|gfqt°dqtwufgrtv~mdhufsY|s±dv~~vÂotvxg>f³=c¶gsv~e
so«Ygfgrdv~mdopbdgzgH"w@qoqtg
½
dv~qpg>µ®¯wYq|d±d~v~pbdv~mdDsqpg>w@dqtufgs@xw¦©¬sY"w@tv~±d~gY³hknm¶opbdv g>u0otvxw@m
©gdgrtuqtvx±"gotbdgv~ehdxgehgo{sYdsotsIsm|[eIv~mdv~ezs
½
dgfqt°hdqpwufgrtv~md urs|sY±dvx~vxopv~grqpg
½
dvxqtgrz®¯qpw@e s
©q{s|Wgrqªotwzgfm|sY±d~gotbdgg¼ufvxgrm@ogf¾grudopv~wYmw®
½
dgrqpv~gr-w¦@gfqotsY±d~gr-©vxopbT±dv~m|v~mdz|s¦opopgrqpm|r³
ikj
×ÝÜ0èü
j
Ü0è>à2à
j
êæç8ÛÖ{ÛYÙ×Ô8Ù×ÝÙç:à:×:êæßnà2Ü0è×ÝçSÙÚØÙç8à:ÜUÛ>×:Ü0ü0×:Ö{ýç8à
j
Ötà8àãÖ0Ù#Ö#àSè>ÛÚæÙ#Ü{ìYØ0Ö{ÚæèÙç2Ö{ç"êæâÛè>à8Ö{âù×:Ùnà:è×:â
Ü0âÙ,Ü0×Wç:ÙØÙ×:Ö{ÚàSè>ÛÚæÙç"Ü{ìØ0Ö{ÚæèÙç"Ö{çWÜ0è>à:Ûè>àá
î
×ÝÜ0ü0×SÖ{ýç|àãÖfêæâüPÖ{çWêæâÛè>à|Ü0âÙ'Ü0×Wç:ÙnØÙ×:Ö{ÚàSÖ{ñÚæÙç8Ö{âù-×ÝÙnàSè>×:âêæâ>üPàSÖ{ñÚæÙç
êæâà
j
ÙPÜ0è>à:Ûè>à#Ö{×:ÙFýÜfùÙÚæÙùùêYÙ×:ÙâàSÚòêæâ ú ÙpðrÙÚæÙßnàÓá
¤¥3ZZ È ¤ È £r¥dÍ#¥£r¥ ©q{s|WgrqezsYm|s@grszpgow®o{s±d~grKFH8 D > 8F >CABACAB> 8 D1I }W©bdgfqtggrs@u{b
8 O#uw@qpqtgrpWw@m|dPopwsqtgrpwYdq{ug@³¸dw@qªgrYgrqp° 8 O}Ngf¾"wYqpotUo©w «vxmWdw®,ehgo{sYdsotsd³Fa-bdgÁ|q{owYmdg
ufwYm|ufgfqtm|-otbdggfÁ|mdvxopv~wYmDwY®Fopbdg otsY±dxgRBuwY~dehm|m<|e ±"gfq>}Wm|sYehgrsYm|To°"grr}"s@©gf~sYspgowY®
±|vxm|dvxmdzWs¦ootgfqtm|-w¦YgrqP8 O sootqpv~±dotgrF
D
O
>CABABAC>
O I ³
a-bdgzpgrufwYm|µ«v~m|´w®Uehgo{sYdsots*uwYmWv o{w®ªotsopv otv~urw@mDotbdgI|s¦ots*dd±|xv b|gr´<v s 8 O }2©bdv u{b
sYqpgv~m@otgfm|pv~Ygf~°»gf¾|xw@vÂotgr ±°Àopbdg
½
dgrqp°^wYotvxehv~Åfgfq>³+a-bdgµ©q{sd"gfqzgf¾Ww@qo{zs¶dv~opv~m|u0o[pgowY®
otsopv otv~ur®¯w@qgrs@u{bµ±dvxmWvxm||s¦opopgrqpm +Fopb|grpgots¦otv~opv ufgf"gfm|DwYmTopb|g®¯wYqte w® + -³Wkã®+ v~
wY®2opbdg®¯wYqte
L LdACABAL
}<opb|g©q{sd"gfqgruf~sYqpg>Fopb|gmde ±"gfqw®2otdd~grªvxm8
O
}sm|h®¯w@qªg>sYu{bsoopqtv~±dopg
<"}8otbdghm<|e ±"gfqw®ªdv~opv~m|u0o¦s~dg>5w®PotbdgIsootqpv~±dotgY³ a-bdv mde ±"gfqv vxeh"wYqpotsm<ovxm¶grufv~dvxmd
©b|gopb|gfqw@qmdwYoopwz|pg ursYu{bdg@³ªkã®Fotbdg|soopgrqpm + v~qpg>otqpv u0otgr2}|opbdg ©qtsYdWgrqg¾"wYqpot-o©wuw<o
Wsq{sehgotgfq{B#opb|g sYgrqtsYYgWgrqynufsYx,ufw@or}'}|sm|otbdgsYgrqtsYYgmde ±"gfqwY®#qtgotdqtmdgr*op|dxg>"gfq
otdd~g*wY®sqtY|eIgrm<otr}-³gc´gTuw@m|v grq opwH±"gopbdg*opv~ehg*gr~sY|pgrÀ±"go©gfgrm»opb|g*ehwYehgrm@o
©b|gfmopbdgqtgropqtv u0opg>qpg>w@dqtufgv s@ufug>ppgr,}dsm|*opb|geIw@ehgfm<o©bdgfmDsYx8otbdgqtgotdqpm|gr*qpg>dxotsqtg
s¦sYvx s±d~gY³Pa-b|g sYx|gs wzqtg7|g>u0o{opbdg pgf~gruopv~vÂo°*w®#opbdg s@ufufgrt®¯wY~xw¦©v~md+ -}Wpvxm|ufgopbdgrqpg
ezs°²±"g*mdw¶sm|p©gfq®¯w@qIs´Yv~Ygrm»sqtYdehgrm@ohgfor³Àa-bdgdd±d~v bdgrqwY®sDqtgropqtv u0opg>ÀqtgrpwYdq{ugezs°
sY~pw*p"gruvx®¯°Topb|gw@opv~ezsmde ±"gfqw®UWsq{s~xgr#s@ufug>ppgropw*opbdgIqtgrpwYdq{ug4nkM6260³knm¶w@ehgufs@g>f}
otbdv mde±Wgrqehs°µ±"gho{s¦opv ufsYx~°Dgfopgfqtehvxm|grL4ÝgY³|³~},s[|qpw@Yq{se qpdm|mdvxm|*v~mH±|sotu{b´eIwgIwYmHÁ|Yg
ufwYehdotgfq{6}8±dovxmDwYopbdgrqtvxov @gfqt°dv¼u|Âoopwdqtgrv u0ov~m|ugvÂoezs°µgf"gfm|HwYmDWsq{sehgotgfq{
~v~«Ygehs@u{bdv~mdgU~w@s@2}¦mdgo©wYqt«"gfg>2}gfotu³#a'wg>s©vÂotbIp|u{bIvxop|sopv~wYm|r}¦©gªdqtgrpgfm<o#vxmzºgruopv~wYm|³æ
sYm*sYx@wYqtvÂotbde¬opb|sos@dsdopv~Ygf~°zgotgfqtehvxmdg>opbdgw@opv~e de dgfYqtgfgw®|sq{s~xgrxv pe)®¯w@q-g¾d~wYvxopv~mdIs
qtgrpwY|qtufgY³
¤¥3ZZ
È
¤§Y¥"Z¥¡ X+nX¯£CX
È ¢ a-bdg
½
dgfqt°`ufsY|s±|vx~vÂotvxg>µw®hs¿©qtsYd"gfqDsqtg²dqtw¦<v g>`sYHs pgoDwY®
±"wwY~grsYm»ehgopb|w| ~vx«@g <$k g:nE} < k!
" :E0}PgfotuY³¶©qtsYd"gfqhufsm^wYmd~°Àsdd~°Àsm»w@Wgrqy
sopw@qªotwzqpg>w@dq{ugrUopbWs¦ovxodd±d~v~pbdg>f³Po
½
dgfqt°gf¾g>uotvxw@m[otvxehg@}|sI©qtsYdWgrqs@qpgrgrªopwhg¾g>uotgs
pd±yãd sm$#% & w®s[@xw@±|s
½
dgfqt°µd smHvIH 4Ýs.6vÂodd±|xv b|grs~#opbdghqtgrpwYdq{ug>v~mHotbdg'#% &
~grs®Wmdwg>PsmW 4ݱ6opb|g©qtsYdWgrqFb|sYFdgru sqtgrvxotpgfx®8s@F±Wgrvxm|urs|sY±d~gwY®"gf¾grudopv~mds~wY"gfq{s¦otwYq{
®¯w@dm|¶v~m´otbdgzv~m@otgfqtm|s#(%)&* mdwg>f³a-b|gz©qtsYdWgrquwYqtqtgrpWw@m|v~md[otwDs*®¯dxxy17|gr@gr Ã[ZHº
ezs°Igruf~sYqpgvxotpgfx®'sYPurs|sY±d~gw®2g¾grufopv~md ufwYehd~g¾z|±
½
dgrqpv~grr}@pvxmWugvxoªgrxgr@s¦otgrotbdgfe¬otwopbdg
|m|gfqt~°<v~md ÃZ´º8³
awD«Ygrgf²otbdgdd±|xv ufsopv~wYmÀdqtwugrtpvxehd~gY}©gqtg
½
dv~qpgzw@mdx°¶ehvxm|vxezs
½
dgfqt°Hdqtwug>ppvxm|Dufs¦y
Ws±dv~xvxopv~gr®¯qpw@e·s©qtsYdWgrqr³¸#v~qtor}vÂobWsYopwµgf¾grudopgE8xg>s¦®;Iw@Wgrqtsopw@qtdqtw¦<v v~mdµsYurugrtopwµvxot
qtgrpwY|qtufgrr³^¸dw@qo{s±d~grh©vxopbs L LdACABAML ±dv~m|v~md²|s¦opopgrqpm,}Uopbdv sYeIw@dm<otopwÀs@ufugroºufsYm pd±y
½
dgrqpv~grr³knm´opbdghufs@gIw®ªs*qtgropqtv~uopgr´sYurugrtqpg>w@dqtufgY}8©gqtg
½
dv~qpg opb|soopbdgIdd±d~v bdgrqdqpw¦v gr
s²urs~Âyã±|sYpgr^vxm<otgfqp®ÝsYug@}ªwY®otbdgT®¯wYqte+-,61i ./
B<ini=e
#Hk(,01
:2-,61i
<3,54
67#?E0¹w@m^otwY¿w®opb|v~
v~m<opgrq®Ýs@ugY}©gdqtw¦v~gsHv~ehdxguw@mÁ|Y|qtsY±dxgz©q{s|WgrqopbWs¦oWg>opb|v~vxm<otgfqp®ÝsYugopwHs@ufug>popbdg
qtgrpwY|qtufgY³+ºgrufwYm|,}ª®¯w@qsm°Ào{s±d~gDuw@m@o{sv~mdv~mdÀs²±dxw@±,}ªopbdgD©q{s|Wgrqze |odqtw¦<v gµs¶ehgopb|w
<98: i=k@4 : 4ji=k@4 l m > #2<:(; k<# > 8 k<# > 4=, L L E}|otw[grm||qpg opb|sootbdgh±dxw@±Dv |b<°pv~urs~x°TsYurug>ppvÂy
±|xg@³
Query Analyzer Query Analyzer
createInQueue(from) createOutQueue(to) destroyQueue()
Module Distributed Communication
Distributed Communication Module Blob Manager getLocalID(blobID,Q)
mayDispose(Q) Blob Manager
store(blobID,Q) read(blobID,off,len,buffer)
readBlob(blobID, off,len,buffer)
Wrapper
readBlob(blobID, off,len,buffer)
Wrapper
Query Execution Engine Query Execution Engine
Query Optimizer
LeSelect server S2
Query Optimizer LeSelect server S1
API API
! " $#% '&(*)+ '-,. 0/
1 2435!376(3789;:!<=3?>@BA=>CD8E37FGFGHI=JKH(IML$>NFO9G><M8P9Q<=>3
RST-UV)W)- '&(-"XZYE \[ 0)-&-]^ _-U =`a bdc-& '))+efg! YEhij " $#% '&('/ikd \c- 0)+ '.W-U
. '"&U- '&(- lPD)- , 0Xm[n l-U c%& '))+!PD[V)+-]- '[nm)+ 'j`a b/Eko
U p '&'qU e ' ?- '-!g![ *frYE '[s]abt7c^ r)uv " 0# '&w0XE[x (ycV
U _). !?-U \zZy&U. Dc^ rlfua- '+{S)-| !-)+f )l*)-g!q[rn| gD)/e}j (y%'XYq
a-[&( ~-U o.V&E[.[Em[7&& '))_c^ r)X?)- '[v-s.&&( 0)-)\- 0)+.&( ')!Y7-U
')+-V&w- 0[e][\cmr+ )'/b.XOYq Wc ')- ajU [ ')-.~=q]o~ '*-UmrlYq W)+
! ( _&( a-b\Um[ l]]M-)+f )E]m Yq ' n)+- 0)/
7+ vGj"ZmjG^*P=uEG+G^
E*c ')- a)"-U E Em " $#% '&()- , [-&( 0)"U Ecma)-)-] qa- '.&w.)"]^ (YE '
YEi)- , ')[-i`a '-b4c&( 0)-)-/eRSU)W. XZ)+.V[4 0)u c- 0)+ '.[rerYXY7U
[)-U '[= 0)E-&( &g!gD[=*)+-V)&fgDr-=rY/
)+ ')&~cma)+ `a 0)*.i%be " $#% '&()- , 0/jzq&Ue] u %,.,. '[ne-U !`a bnU)
\, ')g! .X"&(m)-&(- 0[nf-.g¡-U g -U !Y7cc^ ¢£-Umrlc])-U 0)[~-U
.[[ '))jU D " 0# '&w)- , 'l¤-nY7UV&Ud¢¥)+.&U '["/!¦ '- ')l - 0)-V&w '[eM)- '&(+{
c-§ '&w-{§.\c^ r-m)/7¨- '7c)-mXU `. bV)qU[ '[DuU cg!© 0X%Y7UV&U_)- ')q-U
g! [r?c])-U '[]ab-U PY7cc^ )OU Z] ')G[ 'a- '[l-U Zf-.gª&)- Z-j&)+-&(
[)+-]- 0[D¦z«*¬U *c-g© 'Pcc ')P[bamg!&?c-.g!g!l.--UgMX U&( 0[uY7-U
][Dcmr+ )l®r¯°/PRSM-UV)7cV"Xm)+.g .cm '-)EgD$b\]^ [ ' '.r '[\-D ')-&( Y7cc^ )X
Y7U q-U ')QY7]^ qc^ -fg! '[u]ab G 0#% ' 0&wP)+ '-,. )-UmrZc]V)+Uu-U ? ')-&( 0)X0Q--U 7)- , '
Y7U -U `a '-b)Gcma)+ 0[O/Q±?U `a bj y% 0&(. . Zl-U P|.`a b)-- &a.[- 0)-U
y '&(-n-U c~&(.)-m&w- 0[M]ab\-U ucg!© 0/?²jD (y '&-GX-U u`a b_ (y 0&(.
' M*U e)+ '-,. !#³\g!$b4 '`a 0)-UWU n . =o)- , '!#´\ y% 0&( ')!d)+]{°`a '-b
µ
[)-U 0[irY¶g!=-U YE= y '&(-i ' 4. !.·w/uj)f ')]]i.]§ '&()
]^ (YE 'iYEe)+ '-,. )*UrU ! (y '&-dg!.Ua aP- cm '+f.-g! 0[i]%beU.)- D)+ '-,. 0¸)E.]
i )'¬"Z-U lb%cm 0)l?[rM- W-m)f '- '[i,aV=-U YEe²jV)-] '[T¹qg!gWV&r.
~%[ 0)/
Distributed Comm.
Module
Distributed Comm.
Module LeSelect server S2
LeSelect server S1 T p
T r Q p
Q r p
X p
X r (c) r
p X
X r T p
T r Q
p
r
(b) X
r p
(a)
¸#v~YdqtgiPB ` "P»|pv~md "F¾du{b|sm|YgR4:sR6sYm|IvÂo{Pv~eI|xgreIgrm<ots¦otvxw@mz©vÂotbdv~mzwYmdgpvxopg 4¯±6PsmWw@mgrYgrqtsY
pvxopgr94:uU6³
knm¶opb|gzmdg¾o pd±|pgru0otvxw@m|r},©ªgI®¯wuWwYmfQ,gºgf~gruo uwYeh"wYmdgrm<otopbWs¦ov~m|u~|gzv~mdmdw¦¦s¦otvx@g ®¯g>s¦y
otdqtgrUBotbdg
½
dgfqt°gf¾g>uotvxw@m*grmdYv~mdgsmW[otbdgÃxw@± ZHsm|sYYgfq>³
n "!$#3"(g#% b !. g!0(g !$#3"(g#
knm Q,gºgf~gruor}g>sYu{bwY"gfq{s¦opw@qªwY®#s ` "P¿v -vxehd~gfehgfm<otgrsYsmvxopgfq{s¦otwYq>}<®¯wY~xw¦©v~md <x@2>S³Fkãotgfq{s¦otwYq{
sYqpgpgfx®Óyãtu{bdg>d~vxmd|s¦otsh|qpwug>ppv~mdzdmdvxotr¹dotbdgfv~qPkuwYmWv o{w®PsYmv~mdvxopv s~vxÅ>s¦otvxw@m kM6 g:nEurs~:}
s' :nEehgopb|wHdqtwd|uv~mdw@mdgop|dxghs¦oszotvxehgY}2sYm|Ds' ink<# :Eehgotbdwµotwqpgrxg>sYpgqtgrpwYdq{ug>
sYm|opgrqpehv~m|s¦otgY³Fa'wsYm|p©ªgrqUs :nEUufsYxS}otbdgopw@yãxgrYgf|wY"gfq{s¦opw@qFvxms` "PÀezs°Iurs~opbdg :nE
ehgfopbdwdw®FwYmdgw@qehwYqtgw®Fvxotvxmd|otr}"dgf"gfm|v~mdw@mµvÂo{v~ehdxgrehgfm<otsopv~wYm,³a-bdg±WsYpv~uvxopgrqtsopwYq
ehwgr|v ªp°m|u{bdqtwYmdw@|f¹Yv®'sYmwY"gfq{s¦otwYq 6[v FotbdgWsqtgfm<oUw®,sYmwY"gfq{s¦otwYq }©bdgfmd6[v~t|grUs :nE
urs~8opw } 6-gf¾g>uotvxw@m*±|xwu{«-dm<opv~ qtgotdqtm|sopdd~gY³
a-bdg"F¾du{b|sm|Ygzvxopgfq{s¦otwYq©-sY vxm<otqpw|ufgr¶otwHgrufwYd|xgzotbdg[gf¾grudopv~wYmÀw®pgf@gfq{sPw@WgrqtsopwYq{r}
sYx~w¦©v~mdopbdgre otwµ©ªw@qp«´vxmÀWsq{s~xgr0<x>V>S³µ¸#v~YdqtgiDpbdw¦©sm "F¾du{b|sYmdYgzw@Wgrqtsopw@q v~m|pgfqpopg>
±"go©gfgrmsmhwY"gfq{s¦otwYq$6*sm|Ivxotu{bdvx ³UÆm AkM6 g:nE0}@opb|guw@eIedmdv ufsopv~wYm
½
dgfdg %Bv~ªuqtgrs¦otgr2}
sYm|v F|xvxoPvxm<otwo©ªwvxmWgf"gfm|dgfm<oUdqtwugrtpgrr³$8qp|m|wY"gfq{s¦otwYq/6zsm| opbdgufwYm|pdehgfq|sYqo
wY®otbdg "F¾du{b|sYmdYg@}©bdvx~g 8g¾grufopg>}otbdgdqtwd|ugrq|sqpow®#opbdg "P¾u{bWsmd@gY³b8v~m|wI~wYm|Ygfq
dqpv~YgrmÀ±<°¶otbdg[d|WgrqIWsqpo w®otbdg*|~sYm,¹PvxoIqtdm| vxm|dgf"gfm|grm<op~°»sm|Àvxopgrqtsopv~Ygrx°¶v~tpdgr* :nE
urs~~opw'hdm<opv~sYm k L v qtgrs@u{bdgr2³-m "P¾u{bWsmd@gwY"gfq{s¦opw@qv~m|grqotgr±"go©gfgfmTo©wzwY"gfq{s¦otwYq{
sYm| 6¶qtdmdm|vxmdTw@mHotbdgpsYehgIpvÂotgsYuotsYsTp°<mWu{bdqpw@mdv~Års¦otvxw@mH±dPH"grqr}'sY±|pwYqt±dvxm|*±d|qto°µwYotdo
®¯qtwYe smW*|qpw¦v vxm|vxoopwK6Ds¦ob6-qtg
½
dv~qpg>[WsYug@³
kã®w@WgrqtsopwYq{N6»smW$qtdmÀw@mÀqpgreIwYopgpvÂotgrr}% v pd~vÂovxm<opwDo©ªw
½
dgrdgr %TsYm| % }grs@u{b
w@m^otbdgHpvÂotgµw®wYmdgµw@WgrqtsopwYq>}U©vxopb % zufwYm<opgrm<otz±"gfv~md¶opq{sm|®¯gfqtqtgr5vxm<opw %´±°^w@ehgT|s¦ots
ufwYehe |mdv~urs¦otvxw@mehgru{bWsmdv eT¹ 8 sYm| 8qtdmhvxmh|sYqtsYx~gfS³'knmhotbdv~ªufs@g@}¦opbdgv~ÅfgwY®6%Bs~~w¦©|opw
ufwYm<opqtwYopb|gIgfyãp°m|u{bdqtwYmdv~Årsopv~wYmµwY®*8 smW 8³a-bdgIp°m|u{bdqtwYmdw@|vxopgrqtsopw@qehwgfFufwYqtqpg>"wYm||
otw*s
½
dgrdg wY®Uv~Åfgd}8©bdgfqtg sopdd~g v dqpwufgrtg>T±<° 6Hv~ehehgrv s¦otgf~°Ts®Óopgrq±"gfv~md[|qpwug>ppgr±°
³Pðzv~m|uqtgrs@v~md % v~Åfg@}©ªgs~xw¦©+sIp~s@u{«hsYehwYmd opbdgop|dxg>dqpwufgrtg>z±° sm|;6'³Fa-bdgv~Åfg
wY®%)v sWsq{sehgotgfq-w®#opbdg "P¾u{bWsmd@gw@WgrqtsopwYq>}gfos¦ouqtgrsopv~wYm*opv~ehg±<°opbdgw@opv~ehvxÅrgfq>³
knmQ,g>ºgf~gru0o>}opbdg-v~ehdxgrehgfm<otsopv~wYmwY®Wsv opqtvx±ddopgr "F¾du{b|sYmdYgPw@Wgrqtsopw@q'qtgf~vxg>'w@ms,&2#2G"(
(,!G !(1 /U%If4
Z\6otb|s¦ohuqtgrsopgropbdguw@eIedmdv ufsopv~wYm
½
dgfdg> % smW %¦}Ps@v~m
¸#v~Ydqtgi!4:uU60³ cvxopbdv~mhgrsYu{b
ZÀ}Yuw@ehe dmdv ufsopv~wYmhdsgrehwYm|sqtg-vxmzu{b|sYqp@gUwY®WotqtsYm|®¯grqpqtv~mdotdd~gr
sYehwYmdotbdg
½
|gfdg>%ªsm| % ³(wYopgªopb|so#sYx<opq{smW®¯grqt'w®|pehsYxxynv~Åfgds¦o{s±"go©gfgfmo©ªwaQ,g>ºgf~gru0o
pgfqtYgrqtsqtgwYm|gv sopbdgv opqtvx±ddopgr"F¾du{b|sYmdYgw@WgrqtsopwYq{ªvxehd~gfehgfm<otgr±°opb|g ZÀ³
! P(P b [. ./!, d(g !$#%"(g#1 &)(*#S! (*Q3 #%!, #1.J"!,
#%!,(*-#%./!
a-b|gsYurug>pUopwIs qtgrpwYdq{ugs@ufufwYq{vxm|opwhsqtgropqtv~uopg>z±dv~m|v~mdWs¦ootgfqtmv ª"gfqp®¯wYqtehgrzv s s xw@Yv ufs
Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m²wY"gfq{s¦opw@qr}s wDurs~xg>¶dgf"gfm|grm<owYv~m < >ªwYq Tpgfehvxyxw@vxm'³v~mdµwY|qmdwo{s¦otvxw@m|f}©ªg
gf¾d~sYvxm*opb|ggrehsYm<opv uf-w®shêv~m|dÄ@wYv~mTwY"gfq{s¦otwYq>}<s@-vÂo©-sY-v~mdvxopv s~x°*vxm<opqtw|ufgr*vxmµshugrm@otqtsYxv~Åfg>
|s¦otsY±|sYpguwYm<otg¾or³
\È]Y X¯£HXÌJYG^2` XY Í Ì XY a a-b|gTÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m^wY®o©ªw²sqt±dvxopq{sqt°²qpgr~sopv~wYm| e D sYm| e F v~zgfÁ|mdg>
±°µotbdgz®¯w@x~w¦©vxm|*®¯w@qped sd},©bdgrqpg S
gfmdwYopg>opbdg[Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m,}s@gru0otwYq
S
ldgfmdwYopgr s*@gruopwYqwY®
sootqpv~±dotgrr}dsm|
S
grmdwotgrsIYg>u0otwYq-w®#sYx|gr-®¯w@q-opbdgsoopqtv~±dopg>-vxm S B
e D :S T S
T
E S
S e F : S V S
T
E_F:
S
5>
S >
S
E:S 5>
S
E e
D
S e F A < ini=e
#Ck(,51 : S E I
Jw¦©ªgrYgfq>}dv~mDsv otqpv~±dotgrµufwYm<opgf¾<o>}|ehwgf~v~mdzopb|v~wY"gfq{s¦opv~wYmµs@spvxmd@xg wY"gfq{s¦opw@qqtsYv~pgrs
"gfqp®¯wYqtezsm|ufgv~t|gY³º|dWw<gPopb|so,e D v 2w@mpvxopg! D sYm| e F v~2w@mvxopgUº F ³#ºvxm|ufg*e F@A < i=i=e #Hk(,01 :E
bWsY#opw±"gg¾grufopg>IwYmhvxopgº F }¦opb|gêv~m|dÄ@wYv~mIwY"gfq{s¦opw@qe |oUs wg¾g>uotgw@mzvxopgº F }YsmW otdd~gr
wY®Pe D e|oa7Ww¦©®¯qpw@e·º D opwµº F ³ (w¦©}2v®ªopbdg
½
dgfqt°µqtgrpdÂoe Wo±"gIqtgotdqtmdgrHwYm¶º D }2otbdgfqtgIv~
s*"gfqp®¯wYqtehsYm|ugWgrm|sxo°Y}2©b|v~u{b²uw@m|v otw®UotbdgI|grxg>potqtsYm|®¯grqw®Potbdg
S
WsqpowY®Uopb|g :
S
S>
S E
otdd~grzwY®e9DVB
S
v zdm|mdgrufgrtpsYqp°²®¯w@qhopbdgDufwYehdo{s¦opv~wYm w®opbdg
S
qpg>dxor³knmWotgrsY,}ªs²±"gootgfq
dgrpvx@mÀ©ªw@d~»±Wg[opwDotqtsYm|®¯gfq w@md~° : S
E¦s~dgr opw²ºGF}PufwYehdotgopb|g*uw@qpqtgrp"wYm|v~md
S
¦s~dgr
w@m ºGFY}Pqtgop|qpm :S 5> S
Eotdd~gropwÀº!D}UsmWÀÁ|m|sYx~°ÀwYdopdohotbdg*qtgrpdxopv~md :
S
5>
S > S
Eotdd~grhs¦o
ºD³ Jw¦©gf@gfq>}"s@gf¾d~sYvxm|grDv~mDotbdghdqtgfvxw@|pd±|pgruopv~wYm,}2©gIqpgfotsv~mµotbdg@gfmdgrqtsY|qpv~m|uv~d~g otb|s¦o
sYm°dsotsK7Ww¦©Bv~mHs ` "P+±"go©gfgfmHwY"gfq{s¦opw@qt-qtdmdm|vxmd*wYmTo©w[vIH"grqpgrm<opvÂotgr±WgeIwgrxg>µ±°s
dv~opqtvx±|opg> "F¾du{b|sm|Yg w@Wgrqtsopw@q±Wgfo©ªgrgfmµotbdgo©ªww@Wgrqtsopw@qtr³a-bdv xg>µ|opw[v~m<opqtw|ugIsmdgr©
w@Wgrqtsopw@qr}"ufs~~grDÃv~m|dufufgrtE4:à }"®¯wYqbdw@qo260}Wopb|sov s~©s°-otbdg]8v~mdmdgfq; u{bdv~~µwY®ªsÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m
w@Wgrqtsopw@qr}sY®¯w@x~w¦©UB
\È]Y X¯£HXÌJY ^2` XY Í Ì XY ¥ Y Í ` XY Í# h§Y§ È ¢>¢?a Q'go;e9DhsmW eaFz±"gzo©wqtgf s¦otvxw@m|r}smWg+"$#
e D : S T
S T E
S%
S e F :S V S
T
Egrmdwotgzopb|g[Ãvxm||ÄYw@vxmÀwY®otbdgrpgqtgf s¦otvxw@m|f³µa-bdgrm²opbdgÃvxm||ufug>p
s@ppwuv s¦otgr©vxopb\+"Hv -otbdgwY"gfq{s¦otwYq-mdwotgrX+!&}|gfÁ|mdgr±°zotbdg®¯wY~xw¦©v~md®¯wYqte d sPB
e]D@:
S T S
T E S%
S
eaF : S V
S
T
E_F:
S
5>
S >
S
E':S 5>
S
E e]D :
S
S>
S
E( ;c .F S I /:ne5FHE I
©bdgfqtg);c .F S I /:=e F E_F:
S
5>
S E
S F S I S e F A < i=i=e #Hk(,01 :S E I
a-bdv mdwo{s¦opv~wYmÀgrehdb|sYpv~Åfgropb|so opb|g*ÃvxmWdufufgrtv s~©-s°|sq{sehgotgfqtvxÅrgr¶±°¶sHgfo w®
S
¦sYxdg>f}-bdgrm|ugf®¯wYqpopb+urs~xg>^otbdgc) ) . 1G/ &0³a-bdgHÃv~m|dufufgrtsmW^otbdg´Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~msqtg
v~ehd~gfehgfm<opg>¶®¯wY~xw¦©v~mdTotbdg[vxopgrqtsopwYqehwgr:}~vx«@gwotbdgfqEQ'g>ºgrxg>u0o w@Wgrqtsopw@qtr³*êv~m|dÄ@wYv~mÀufsYm
bWsYgµsm+sYqp±dvxopq{sqt°ÀwY"gfq{s¦otwYqhotqpgrgHsYs²~g®ÓopySbWsm|u{bdv~ 2}±do[w@md~°5ÃvxmWdufufgrtzwY"gfq{s¦otwYq{zsqtg
sYx~w¦©grÀsY opb|g*qtvx@b<oyãb|sm|Àu{b|vx 2³Àhpbdw¦©m»v~m < >S}Popbdv hu{bdwYv ugwgrmdwohqpg>otqpv u0o opbdgTgfoIwY®
½
dgrqpv~gropb|so©g ufsYmµg¾grufopg@³-a-b|r}WopbdgIêv~m|durug>p|qpw¦v grsYmµvÂotgfq{s¦otwYqgrm<@gf~wY"gsqtwYdmWs
Scan(W1/R(a )) f
b b f f
b f
select R.a, g.outBlob
where R.a=T.bID and T.bID=g.inBlobID from W1/R, W2/g
and T.blob=g.inBlob and g.intRes=1 select R.a, f.blob
from W1/R, W2/T, W3/f where R.a=T.bID and T.bID=f.bID
f b
b
and T.blob=f.blob BA(T(bID blob ))
BA(f(bID blob res ))
BA(g(inBlobID inBlob outBlobID intRes)) Scan(W1/R(a )) f
BA(g(outBlobID outBlob)) b f
BA(T(bID blob))
σ intRes=1
(b) (a)
¸#v~Ydqtg!BPºsehd~g,` "PU|v~mdzÃvxmWdufufgrtsm|Ãvxm||ÄYw@vxm,³
qtgropqtv u0opg>Tqpg>w@dq{ug s@ufug>pr}"©bdvx~gotbdghêv~m|dÄ@wYv~mDdqtw¦v~dgr±dv~m|v~mdTsqtYdehgrm@o{sYm|Duw@x~gruotopbdg
s@ufufgrtªqtgrpdxotr³
¸#v~YdqtgUpbdw¦©,o©ªwtsehd~g
½
dgrqpv~gr'vxmYw@xv~mddsotssYm|dqtwY@qtsYezf}>sm|"w@tpvx±d~gUufwYqtqpg>"wYm|y
v~md ` "PUr³Pa-bdg
½
dgfqt°zvxmT¸#vx@dqtg4ÝsR6ªu{b|sYvxm|ªo©wIÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m[w@WgrqtsopwYq{r}YotbdgÁ|qto-wYmdg®¯go{u{bdv~mdIs
±|xw@±,}<sYm|Iopb|gpgruw@m|hwYm|gufsYx~vxm|®¯dm|u0otvxw@m L wYmzotbdv P±d~wY±,}<©bdgrqpg L qtgotdqpmWUspezs~Âynv~Åfgqtgrpdxor³
¸|dm|uopv~wYm 3vxmH¸#v~Ydqtg4¯±6ots«@grsYv~mdddos[pezs~soopqtv~±dopgIsm|Tqtgotdqtm|s[±dxw@±Dsm|Hsmµv~m@otgy
@gfqP¦sYxdg 62e
#@¹YvxotU±dvxmWvxm||s¦opopgrqpmpgoUv F V k(,5;;ink@4jl m T 62e
# T3>
k(,5;;i=k@4 l m V k(,0; i=k@4 T I ³
a-b|gTpgf~gruopv~wYm wYm 62e
#ezs°»grxv~ehvxm|sopgµpwYehgTw®otbdgµ±d~wY±|h|qpw|ufgr2¹-otbdgTqpgrezsv~mdvxm|¶w@mdgr
sYqpgµm|gfgrdgr¿v~m¿opbdgDw@op|or³a-bdgD±|xw@±v~®¯gotu{b|grv~qpg>u0otx°5©bdgfqtgDvxo[v~[mdgfg>gr,}<v s¶opb|gD~s@o
Ãv~m|durugrtyãÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m[|sYvxq>³
knm Q'g>ºgrxg>u0or}<sqpg>otqpv u0otgrIqtgrpwYdq{ug-v @V&g¾d~wYvxopg>I±<°hsÃvxmWdÄYw@vxmdyãÃv~m|dufufgrt|sv~q>¹o©w
v~ehWw@qo{sm<oWsqpopv ud sq#ufsYpgr#sqtgPdqtwY@qtsYe6v~mYwufsopv~wYm,}smW sYurug>p,opws±d~wY±±°vxot#±d~wY±dk ³knmopb|v~
sYoPufs@g@}Yv~m|ufgªotbdgÃvxmWdufufgrt|g>#opbdgp"gruv s±|vxm|dvxmdWs¦ootgfqtmI®¯wYqF±d~wY±hsYurugrtg4jink@4jl m V 4jink@4 T }
p|u{b²sTêv~m|dÄ@wYv~mynÃvxm||ufug>p|sYvxqsYx©-s°qtgotqpv~gf@grsTv~mdY~gh±d~wY±Às¦opopqtvx±ddopgY³za-b|r}2opb|gzeIw<o
v~ehWw@qo{sm<o uw@ehWw@mdgfm<ot w®s
½
dgrqp° dqtwufgrtv~mdµuw<o>}m|sehgf~°H|qpw@Yq{sev~mYwufsopv~wYmÀsm|²±|xw@±
otqtsYm|®¯gfq>}-sYqpgµ"gfqp®¯wYqtehgr |pvxm|Àopbdg´Ãªv~m|dÄ@wYv~msm|Ãv~m|durugrtzw@WgrqtsopwYq{r³6a-bdgrqpgf®¯wYqtgY}opbdg>g
w@Wgrqtsopw@qt*sqtg´s5Yww¿otsYqp@go®¯wYqvxm|ufwYqtWw@qtsopv~md»otbdg¶wYotvxehv~Års¦otvxw@m|Tgrtuqtv~±Wg>+v~mBºg>u0opv~wYm)Y}
©vxopb|wYoqtg
½
dv~qpv~mdhsm°[u{b|sYmdYgopwhotbdgqpgrezsv~mdvxm|Iw@Wgrqtsopw@qtr³
(g g!$# &M(g#+ "(g#%b "#3b&M!$#3#% (g
c¶ghmdw¦© g>pufqpv~±"g otbdgzê~wY±ZDsm|sYYgrq,4ÝÃ[Z\6ehwd~gY³Ia-bdghehsYvxm´qpw@xgIw®UopbdgzÃ[ZôwY®ªsm°DpvÂotgº
v opwdqtw¦<v g sYmHdm|v®¯w@qpe v~m<opgfqp®ÝsYufg otw*sYm<°µ±|xw@±D®¯wYqs~wY"gfq{s¦otwYq{qtdmdmdv~mdwYm´º8}2©b|gopb|gfqopbdg
±|xw@±[b|s@-±Wgrgfmdd±d~v~pbdg>[w@q|qpw|ufgr[±<°*s dqtwY@qtsYeT}@w@mpvÂotgº[wYq-gr~pgf©bdgrqpg@³Fa'whsYu{bdv~gf@gotbdv f}
otbdg Ã[Z v~vxmDu{b|sYqp@gwY®PotwYqtvxmdzsYm|ehsYm|s@vxm|otbdg±d~wY±Wdqtwd|ug>*±°shdqpw@Yq{se qtdmdmdv~mdzw@m
º2}|wYqopq{sm|®¯gfqtqpg>*®¯qpw@ewYopbdgrqvxopg>otw*ºvxmHwYq{gfq-otw±WgIuw@m||eIg>T±°[dqtwY@qtsYeh-qtdmdm|vxmd[wYmHº8³
|vÂotvxw@m|s~~°Y}@opbdgÃ[Z w®'spvxopgw@opv~ehvxÅrgrUopbdgopq{smW®¯grqUw®,±|xw@±|f}<±°zu{bdww@pvxmd©b|gfqtgopw opq{sm|®¯gfq
sI±d~wY±*®¯qtwYeT}dvx®pgf@gfq{s8uwY|vxg>opbdg±d~wY±Tgf¾v or³
cbdgrmDsÃvxmWdÄYw@vxmTw@WgrqtsopwYqqtdmdm|vxmdzw@mDº!Dv~m|v~qpg>u0op~°vxmYw@«Yg>shdqpw@Yq{se otb|s¦o|qpw|ufgrs
m|gf© ±dxw@±,}otbdgÃvxmWdÄYw@vxmhv ppdg>Ps,&(urs~opwotbdgxwurs|Ã[Zopwqtg
½
dv~qpgotbdgotwYq{s@gªwY®"otbdv F±d~wY±,³
a-b|g|sq{sehgfopgfq{-w®Fotbdg/&2IufsYxsqtgopbdgy>I, w®otbdg ±d~wY±DsYm|opb|g Tw®otbdg
½
dgrqp°*©vÂotbdvxm
©b|v~u{bopbdgÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~mhv~gf¾g>uotgr2³a-bdgÃ[Z s~xwurs¦opg>s~wufsYd±d~wY±dk otwsm°±d~wY±hvxoUotwYqtgr#©bdv u{b
|mdv
½
dgrx°[v~grm<opvxÁ|grsI±d~wY±Tv~mÃ[Z pvÂotgY³
awIs@ufufgrtUs±dxw@±,}smw@Wgrqtsopw@qªqtdmdmdv~md©vÂotbdvxms
½
dgrqp°Bs¦ovxopgj-||qpwugrgrdªv~mo©wopgfWf³
¸#v~qtor}Wopb|gw@WgrqtsopwYqv~t|grsR< ?(YIhurs~'otwopb|gÃ[Zøw®SW}|©b|gfqtgyIv~opbdg
p°otgfeIyã©v~gv gfm<opvxÁ|grqFw®"opbdg-±d~wY±,³#knmhsÁWqtoPotgf,}YopbdgÃ[Z÷w@±otsYvxmWFsufwY°w®Wopbdgqtg
½
dv~qtgr±|xw@±
4Ýv®ªvÂo©s@mdwYos~qtgrsYd°s¦sv~ s±d~gwYmu60}8smWµqpgfopdqtm|skI?(>x otwopb|gw@WgrqtsopwYqqpg
½
|vxqtvxm|
otbdg ±|xw@±,³knmHspgrufwYm|µopgr,}"opbdgwY"gfq{s¦otwYq|pgropbdgxwurs'±|xw@±dk otwqtgrsYotbdg ±|xw@±,³a-bdv ©-s°Y}
otbdghÃZôsYu0o{s@sYmDvxm<otgfqteIg>v sqt°Y}"bdv~dvxmd*opb|gw@qpv~Yv~m|sotwYq{sYg w®Us±|xw@±µopw[opbdgIwY"gfq{s¦otwYqotb|s¦o
qtg
½
dv~qtgrvÂo>}|sY-©gf~,sYotbdg"w@tv~±d~gufwYehe |mdv~urs¦otvxw@m|-vxm@wY~Ygr[vxmTqtgotqpv~gfv~mdvxor³
sm²w@opv~ehvxÅ>s¦opv~wYm'}'©gzeIv~Yb<o sYx~w¦©)ufwYdv~gr¶wYq dqpwWugr´±d~wY±|opwD"gfq{v ovxm¶opb|g[Ã[ZïwY®
ÀmdwYowYmd~°®¯w@q-opbdgm|gfgr|w®#opbdgÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~mT©bdv~u{bTb|s@-v~tpdgr*opb|guwYqtqtgrpWw@m|v~mdK.?'U(wYq
&2hurs~:}8±ddosY~pwz®¯w@qwYopbdgrqÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m|r}"grvÂotbdgfq|sYqow® 9` "P}2wYqg¾g>uotgrµv~m´svIH"grqpgrm@o
½
dgrqp°@³Pºdd"w@pgopb|sos±|xw@±*b|s@-±WgrgfmTuw@dvxg>®¯qtwYe º!Dopwº8}|sYm|*v~-mdgrgrg>~sopgfq-w@mTºGF@³cbdgfm
s²Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m w@m¿ºPFµv~tpdgrzs²@goQ'wufs~k ufsYx-otw²opbdg´ÃZlwYm+ºGFY}opbdv Ã[Zb|sYhotbdgDu{bdw@v~ufgwY®
otqtsYm|®¯gfqtqpv~mdzotbdg±|xw@±µopwµº F gfvxopbdgrq®¯qtwYe·ºTw@q D ³a-bdv u{bdwYv ugehs°T±"gv~m<opgrqpg>otvxmd[®¯wYqgrYgrqtsY
qtgrs@w@m|UBvx®Ygopopv~mdDs±d~wY±¶®¯qpw@evxotw@qpv~Yv~m|sFqtgf"w@pvxopwYqt°Duw<o{ehwYmdgr°Y}sYm|¶v®pvÂotg[º´sYx~w¦©|
otwÀg¾d~wYvxovÂo{uw@°À®¯wYqh®¯qtgfg@}ªotbdgµ±"gfmdgfÁdo[v zwY±vxw@|r¹s wW}ªs¦oqtdm<opv~ehgY}-mdgfo©ªw@qp«»±Wsm|©v otb
g>otvxezsopgrehs°´d@Yg>ootb|s¦o0PSt F opq{sm|®¯gfq{sqtgh®ÝsYopgrqopb|sYmt D S F }#wYqotb|s¦ootbdgzotqtsYm|®¯grqt
pbdw@d~I±"gpd~vÂoUv~mho©w|}YbWsx®"®¯qtwYe opbdgwYqtvx@vxmWsdpwYdq{ugsYm|Ib|sx®8®¯qpw@e otbdgopgrehWw@qtsYqp°IuwY°w®8opbdg
±|xw@±,³Fa'w dwopbdv r}<©g|sYqtsYehgopgrqpv~Åfgs êv~m|dÄ@wYv~mqtg
½
dv~qpv~mds±|xw@±©vÂotbzopb|g~v~oªwY®'ÃZHPv~m©bdv u{b
otbdg±d~wY±b|sY-±"gfgrmµotwYqtgr[®¯wYq-opb|gddqtWw<g>-w®#opbdgufdqpqtgfm<o
½
dgfqt°Y³Pa-bdgÃv~m|dÄ@wYv~m|qpw¦v grªopb|v~
~v ootwIvxotxwufsY,Ã[ZÀ}©bdv u{bezs°w@Wgrqtsopgopbdgu{b|wYv ugY³
X È ¢BZ¥ Y)Ì ¡+Ì ¡¢hXY £ È+` +Ì ¡ * ¥ Y ¥ È ¤ knmÀYgrmdgfq{sS}'otbdg[u{bdw@v~ufgzw®©bdgfopbdgrqsYm|²bdw¦©
~wYm|´©v~xopbdgDÃ[Zlw®º opw@qpgTs¶±dxw@± vÂob|s@zsYu
½
|vxqtgr»®¯qpw@eôsmdwYopbdgrqvxopg®¯w@qhopbdgµmdgrgrdhwY®
otbdg
½
|gfqt°v~hgfopgfqtehvxm|gr»otsopv ufs~~°¶±°¶opb|g
½
dgrqp°²wYdopv~eIv~Åfgrqr³²a-bdv hgrufv~pvxw@mÀv~I@dv~dgrÀ±°
ehgfotsY|s¦otsdd±d~v~pbdg>±° otbdgvxopgW}"grufv®¯°v~md vxototwYq{s@gWw@xv u°@³FºgfYgrqtsYWp|u{bz"wY~v~ufvxg>Uezs°h±Wg
grm<v pvxw@mdgr2}q{sm|Yv~md ®¯qtwYe÷®¯d~x°*gfYwYopv otv~uK4Sº«Ygfgr|sh±d~wY±wYmd~°*s@-xw@mdzsYvxo|pgr-otbdg±d~wY±6}opw
®¯|x~°DuwwY"gfq{s¦otvx@gv~m´pvxmd@xgfy
½
dgrqp°Tehwg 4Ýs~vxopg>v~mYw@x@grTv~m¶s
½
|gfqt°¬«YgrgfHsYm°±|xw@±Dopb|gf°
ufwY°²dm<opv~opbdggfm|^w®]6otwH®¯|x~°»uwwY"gfq{s¦otvx@gv~m^e |ÂotvÂy
½
dgfqt°²eIwgf4¯±|xw@±|opq{sm|®¯gfqtqpg>¶®¯wYq
otbdgmdgrgrd w®s
½
dgrqp°¶sqtgz«YgfdoopwD|qpwYÁdoopwHwopb|gfq
½
dgrqpv~grr}'otww.60³µa-bdg*u{bdwYv ugwY®sT|sqpopv ud sq
"wY~v u°I®¯wYqs pvÂotgºhv UezsYvxmd~°zgotgfqtehvxmdg>z±°IopbdgssYvx s±|xgp|s@ugso-º8}±doezs°hsY~pw grWgrm|zw@m
wYopbdgrqUuw@m|pv~grqtsopv~wYm|r}g@³W³x}grqpv ug-wYqds¦o{s|±|pufqpv~otvxw@m|Psehw@md|pgfq{FwYmvIH8gfqtgfm<oªpvÂotgrr}
½
dgrqp°
|qpv~wYqtvÂotvxg>gotuY³
knm¶opb|v~|sYWgrqr}'©ªgzuw@m|pv~grqopb|sos~Pvxopg>otwYqtghsYxF±|xw@±|opbdgr°H|pgIopwµsm|p©gfq dm<opv~Fopbdg
gf¾grudopv~wYm^wY® gfm|dr³ (wYopgopbWs¦ozs~±|xw@±^ezsmdv~dd s¦otvxw@m|hsqtg*w@mdg±<°»Ãv~m|dÄ@wYv~m^w@WgrqtsopwYq{r¹
®¯w@x~w¦©v~mdhopbdv xv~mdg@}|otbdg ink<# ehgotbdwDwY®Fs*Ãvxm||ÄYw@vxmµgf¾g>uotgrµ©vxopb|vxmµotbdgK` "U`w®)grm|ds
4 <
m;#6Jk<# :%dEehgrtpsYYgotwopb|g ~wurs#ÃZ»}|v~m®¯wYqtehvxmd[vÂoopb|soopb|g ±d~wY±|otwYqtgr®¯w@qopb|g |ts@g
wY®% sqtgmdw~wYmd@gfqmdgrgrg>2³ºv~m|ugotbdg* ink<# urs~'v dqtwY|sY@s¦otgr*®¯qtwYe otbdgotwYµwY®#otbdg` "P}"©ªg