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Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions

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Academic year: 2021

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ĵǣǼƼÌǣsŸ¯ǼÌsĵÞǼǼĶsÝOs¶s¯ŸNjOs_EɴɚŸĶOŘÞOsNjȖƼǼÞŸŘǣ

ǢȖƼƼĶsŎsŘǼNjɴ®Þ¶ȖNjsǣ

Stefan Brönnimann, Jörg Franke, Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Heinz J. Zumbühl, Daniel Steiner, Mathias

Trachsel, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Andrew Schurer, Matthias Worni, Abdul Malik, Julian Flückiger,

Christoph C. Raible  FigureS1|ChangeintheEuropeancyclonetrack.StandardizedbandͲpassedfiltereddailysurfacepressure variabilityat13Europeanstations(colourindicateslatitude)fordifferentseasonsexpressedasanomaliesfrom a1961Ͳ1990climatology.Barsindicatevolcaniceruptions.Theareaofmaximumvariabilityintheclimatology stretchesfromScotlandtoScandinavia64.Yearsinwhichnorthernstations(bluelines)havenegativeanomalies butmidlatitudestations(red)positiveanomaliesareinterpretedassouthwardshift,yearswithpositive anomaliesatallormostofthestationsasintensificationofthecyclonetrack.

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2    FigureS2|Latitudinalchangesofthenortherntropicaledge.Latitudeofthezonalmeansubtropicaljetat200 hPa(orange,with95%ofensemblespreadshaded)andofthedownwellingbranchofthenorthernHadleycell (green,spreadnotshownforbettervisualisation)inthepalaeoͲreanalysisinApriltoSeptember.Anomalies refertotheperiod1779Ͳ1808.Barsindicatevolcaniceruptions.BoxplotsshowpostͲvolcanicwarmseason(box indicatesquartiles,whiskersextendtothefurthestobservationwithin1.5xinterquartilerangefromthebox). 

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