Coconut market and research in Europe: needs and trends
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(2) C OCONUT C ULTURE World coconut cultivated area = 12 millions hectares in 2013 9%. Asie Afrique Amérique + Caraïbes Océanie Geographical distribution of coconut cultivated areas in 2013 (%). 5% 5%. 81%. (Source FAOSTAT, 2014). Cultivated areas (thousands Ha) 12 000 10 000. +80% in 43 years 8 000 6 000 1970. 1980. 1990. 2000. 2010. 2020. 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(3) C OCONUT F RUIT . World Production: 60 Mt Coconuts in 2012 (6th position). . Major Producing Countries: Indonesia, The Philippines, India. . World Average Yield: 5t of coconut fruits/ha/year or 0.5 t oil/ha/year. . Characteristics: Various products, « organic » culture, small farmers 96% (1 to 5 ha) 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(4) C OCONUT M ARKET. IN. E UROPE. Imported products . Coconut oil as copra oil : 1 000 000 t. . Desiccated Coconut (DCN) : 117 000 t. . Coconut Milk (cans and TetraPack) : no data. . Coconut fibres (substrates, geotextiles): 101 340 t. . Fresh coconut fruits (mature) : 35 000 t*. . Coconut Water (bottles, cans, Tetrapack): no data. . VCO (niche Market): no data Sources FAOStats & *EUROSTAT. 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(5) C OCONUT M ARKET IN E UROPE : F RESH MATURE FRUITS . . Major importing countries: . The Netherlands (33%). . United Kingdom (19%). . Italy (16%). . France (9%). . Spain (8%). Major exporting countries: . Ivory Coast (31%). . Sri Lanka (26%). . Dominican Republic (20%). Source Fruitrop, 2011. 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(6) C OCONUT M ARKET IN E UROPE : Q UALITY AND STANDARDS . Standards: . . . 4 standards from Codex Alimentarius and 1 recommendation: . DCN (Stan 177-1991). . Coconut Aqueous Product (Stan 240-2003). . Coconut water (Stan 247-2005). . Coconut oil (Stan 210-2003). . Recommended International Code of Hygienic practice. No standards for fresh coconut fruits. APCC Standards are not in use in Europe. Source Codex Alimentarius. 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(7) C OCONUT M ARKET IN E UROPE : T RENDS AND DEMAND FROM IMPORTERS . High quality products with high functionality such as coconut water, virgin coconut oil, extra fresh coconut fruits, organic DCN and coconut milk. . Problems of quality and standardization. . More tasty products. . Ethical, biological, social-friendly, environmentalfriendly…: importance of labels. . Be sure of the origin. 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(8) C OCONUT RESEARCH IN E UROPE. . . Made by PhD Students coming from a coconut producing country . KU Leuven – Belgique (Mechanical properties of coconut fibres based material). . INRA – France (Impact of introduction of CNO in fish diet, aquaculture). . Wageningen University – the Netherlands (coco fibres biobased materials). Only 3 research institutes with people working continuously on coconut: . NRI (no more) – UK. . IRD - France. . CIRAD - France 7-10 OCTOBER 2014, HAINAN, CHINA.
(9) Working together for tomorrow’s agriculture. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(10) An original research organization. •. National public institution status, but a global mission. •. Targeted research for development. •. Based on 50 years’ experience in the field combined to an original approach 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(11) CIRAD worldwide 12 regional offices in the French overseas regions and abroad. Ile de France Mediterranean Continental Southeast Asia. Continental West Africa. Latin America. Coastal West Africa. Réunion - Mayotte Central Africa. Brazil. LanguedocRoussillon. East and Southern Africa. Southeast Asian islands. West Indies-French Guiana. Madagascar. A scientific hub in Montpellier 700 staff members based outside metropolitan France 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(12) One main operating principle: research in partnership. •. Working together to establish and implement priorities. •. Working in the South, where our partners are, in their laboratories or in their fields. •. Building scientific capacity. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(13) Training the talents of the future: the need to link research and higher education. 800 researchers and technicians received and trained each year. More than 300 PhD students supervised each year, 60 % of them from the South International Masters courses run with grandes écoles and universities 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(14) CIRAD and coconut sector . Breeding, genomics (L. Baudouin, R. Bourdeix, JP Labouisse). . Agronomy (X. Bonneau, J. Ollivier). . LYTS (M. Dollet, F. Pilet). . Biofuel (A. Liennard, G. Vaitilingom). . Coconut wood (H. Baillères). . Coconut processing and products quality (A. Prades). . Carbon sequestration (O. Roupsard). . Entomology (L. Ollivier). . GIS (G. Coppens) 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(15) Coconut oil as fuel for electrification, for transport (cars, trucks and boats). A. Liennard, G. Vaitilingom CIRAD - UPR BioWooEB 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(16) Cocowood processing manual: from coconut wood to quality flooring (2010). H. Baillères, Queensland CIRAD - UPR BioWooEB 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(17) Structuration of QUALISUD Joint Research Unit “Determinants of the organoleptic and nutritional quality of fresh and processed products” Metabolites analysis, biological activities, aromatic quality. “Contaminant control and food safety”. “Stabilization and transformation processes” Improvement of post-harvest technologies Development of innovative processing technologies Reverse engineering. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(18) Coconut: two research axes Study the variability of the quality and coconut fruits regarding varieties and taking into account the stage of maturity at harvest Preserve quality thanks to innovative technologies Strategy taking into account the raw material variability. Objective 1 Deep study of the raw material characteristics. Objective 2. Assess the performance of new processes and evaluate their impact on CW quality 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(19) Computer Coconut Digital Image Analysis. Coconut global Shape and Volume Meat & Cavity Shape Husk, Shell and Meat Thickness… Sheet 1. Sheet 2. Total duration of analysis = less than 1 min/picture 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(20) Absorbance (log 1/R). Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS). Dried kernel NIR spectra. 1,6. Database and calibration. 1,2 0,8. . Moisture content Fat Content Protein Content Carbohydrates content.... VTT. 0,4. MYD 0 1100. 1400. 1700. 2000. Wavelength (nm). 2300. Total duration of analysis = 5 min. Davrieux F., Prades A. et al., 2008 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(21) Impact of Variety and Stage of Maturity on CW volatile compounds 55 components detected / 41 identified. Ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, lactones…. Total GC-MS area (AU). 5E+6. months 7 mois months 8 mois. 4E+6. months 9 mois. 3E+6. 2E+6. 1E+6. 0E+0. Prades et al., JSFA, 2012. WAT GOA. PB121 PB121. MYD NJM. EGD NVE. TGD NVT 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(22) Coconut water stabilization Polyphenoloxydases & peroxydases. (Duarte et al., 2002). Phenolic compounds. O2. H2O2. PPO. POD. • 73.8 kDa • pH = 6.0 • T = 25°C. • 49.2 kDa • pH = 5.5 • T = 35°C. Melanoïdins (red, yellow or brown pigments). Consequences = discoloration 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(23) Batch ohmic heating reactor. Roux et al., 2010. V = 100mL U = 0 to 320 V. and. I = 0 to 20 A. Special DSA Titan electrodes Five cylindric sampling collectors. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(24) Ultrafiltration pilot plant. APCC 45TH COCOTECH MEETING - 4 OCTOBER 2014. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(25) APCC 45TH COCOTECH MEETING - 4 OCTOBER 2014. 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(26) COGENT. International Coconut Genetic Resources Network Alexia PRADES, COGENT coordinator 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(27) Who are we?. th APCC COCOTECH Conference 46 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(28) A Network of Countries • 39 country members, coconut producing countries • 24 national genebanks • 5 International Coconut Genebanks (ICG) in. 5 sub-regional networks. th APCC COCOTECH Conference 46 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(29) Coconut producing countries and genebank location. th APCC COCOTECH Conference 46 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(30) Our main activities •. Encourage the protection and use of existing germplasm collections. •. Identify and secure threatened diversity. •. Promote greater collaboration among research groups. •. •. Conduct appropriate training, disseminate information and secure necessary funding for network activities Establish and maintain an international database on existing and future collections. th APCC COCOTECH Conference 46 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
(31) Some of our partners. … th APCC COCOTECH Conference 46 7-10 October 2014, Hainan, China.
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