نظام الاتصال والعلاقات الاجتماعية المهنية في التنظيمات الاستشفائية دراسة ميدانية في المؤسسة العمومية الاستشفائية –امشدالة

(1)

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺪــﻬﻌﻣ

ﻢـﺴﻗ

:

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ

ﻉﺮﻓ

:

ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ

ﺺﺼﲣ

:

ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﺮﺘﺳﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ

2 ﰲ

ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ

ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ

:

ﺖﲢ

ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ

ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

:

ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺓﻮﺷﺎﺷ

-ﺩ

.

ﺪﻤﳏ ﻑﻮﻠﳐﻮﺑ

ﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ

ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌ

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻔﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻔﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

––––

ﺔﻟﺍﺪﺸﻣﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

:

2011

/

2012

(2)

ﻻ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟﺍ

ﻲﺒﻧ

ﻪﺑﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺳ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻪﺒﺤﺻﻭ ﻪﻟﺃ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ،ﻩﺪﻌﺑ

.

"

ﷲ ﺮﻜﺸﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻦﻣ

"

ﻷﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺮﻜﺷ ﻞﻜﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺃ

ﻩﺮﻴﻃﺄﺗ ﻑﺮﺸﺑ ﻰﻀﺣﺃ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻲﻟ ﺢﻤﺳ ﻪﻧﻷ،ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳ

،

ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺮﻜﺷﺃﻭ

ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺭﺰﻐﻳ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ

،

ﺍ ﻙﺭﺎﺑ

ﻚﻴﻓ ﷲ

.

ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺯ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻸﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻨﺘﻣﺍ ﻞﻜﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻚﻴﻓ ﷲﺍ ﻙﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ

.

،ﻂﻴﺴﺑ ﺀﻲﺸﺑ ﻮﻟﻭ ﻥﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳ ﻲﻟ ﻡﺪﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺗﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺮﻜﺷﺃ

.

(3)

ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻏﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﻱﺪﻨﻋ

ﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻦﺣﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ

،ﺎ

"

ﻲﻣﺃ

"

ﻪﺑ ﺀﻲﻀﺘﺳﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻃﺃﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﺣ،ﺓﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ

.

ﺎﻫﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻞﻛ ﺓﺮﻄﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻛﺫ ﻲﻌﻣ ﻦﻜﺴﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ

"

ﻲﺑﺃ

"

ﻪﻨﻜﺳﺃﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻪﻤﺣﺭ

ﻪﻧﺎﻨﺟ ﺢﻴﺴﻓ

.

ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻋﺮﺑ ﷲﺍ ﻩﺎﻤﺣ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻲﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﺧﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ

،ﻲﺗﺍﻮﺧﺃ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

،ﺓﺪﻨﻴﻟ

،ﺓﺪﻧﺭ

،ﺓﺮﻫﺯﻭ

ﻦﻬﺑﺭﺩ ﷲﺍ ﺭﺎﻧﺃ

ﻰﻟﺇ

،ﺪﻨﺤﻣ ﻱﺪﺟ

ﻢﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﷲﺍ ﻝﺎﻃﺃ، ﺓﺰﻳﻮﻟ ،ﺱﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻛﺭﺎﺒﻣﺍ ،ﻲﺗﺍﺪﺟﻭ

.

،ﻲﺗﺎﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

،ﻲﻣﺎﻤﻋﺃ

،ﻲﺗﻻﺎﺧ

،ﻝﺎﺧﻭ

ﻢﻫﺮﺳﺃ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺀﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺍﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻚﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺳ ﺲﻤﺧ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﺖﻴﻀﻣﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺪﺻ ﻉﻭﺭﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ

"

ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺳ

"

ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻑﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

ﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﻤﻋ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻢﻬ

ﻲﻠ

(4)

ﺕﺍﺭﻜﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻫﻹﺍ 1 -4 ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ: لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ 06 _{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 06 _{ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ} _1.1 06 _{ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ}_1.1.1 07 _{ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ}₂_.1.1 09 _{ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ} _3.1.1 10 _{ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ} _4.1.1 11 _{ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ} ₅_.1.1 13 _{ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ} _{ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ} ₆_.1.1 18 _{ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ} _{ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ} ₇_.1.1 20 _{ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ} ₂_.1 20 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ} _1.2.1 22 _{ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ} ₂_.2.1 24 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ} ₃_.2.1 25 _{ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ}_.₄_.2.1 25 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ} ₅_.2.1 ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ : ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ 28 _{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 28 _{لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ} _1.2 30 _{ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ} _1.1.2 38 _{لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ} _2.1.2 42 _{لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ}_3.1.2 45 _{ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ}_2.2 45 _{ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ} _1.2.2 49 _{ﻪﻓﺍﺭﻁﺃﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ} _2.2.2 52 _{ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻕﻓﺩﺘ ﺏﺴﺤ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ} _3.2_.2

(5)

54 _{ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ} _2.3.2 54 _{ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ} _3.3.2 61 _ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝ : ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ 63 _:_{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 63 _{ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ} _1.3 63 _{ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ}_"_ﺭﺒﻴﻭ_"_ﺏﺴﺤ_1.1.3 64 _{ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻜ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ}_"_{ﺱﻜﺭﺎﻤ}_"_ﺏﺴﺤ_2.1.3 65 _{ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ} _3.1.3 69 _{ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ}₂_.3 69 _{لﻼﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺩﻬﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ} _1.2_.3 71 _{لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻏ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ}_2.2.3 74 _{ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ} _3.2.3 76 _:_ﺔﺼﻼﺨ .ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ :ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ 78 _:_{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 78 _{ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ}_1.4 79 _{ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤ}_ﺭﻤﻝﺍ_1.1.4 79 _{ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ}_2.1.4 80 _{ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ}_3.1.4 81 _{ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ} _4.1.4 85 _{ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ} _2.4 86 _{ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ}_1.2.4 87 _{ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ}_2.2.4 88 _{ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ}_{ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ}_3.4 89 _{ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ} _1.3.4 89 _{ﺔﻴﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ} _2.3.4 90 _{ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ}_3.3.4

(6)

98 _{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 98 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ} _1.5 98 _{ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ} _1.1.5 103 _{ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ}_2.1.5 105 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ} _2.5 105 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ}_1.2.5 106 _{ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ}_2.2.5 ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻴ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﺒ ﻲﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ 111 _:_{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 111 _{ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽ}_ﺭﻋ _1.6 117 _{ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ} _2.6 ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ 120 _:_{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 120 _{ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ}_1.7 126 _{ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ}_2.7 ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭ . 128 _{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 128 _{ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ} _1.8 133 _. _{ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ} _2.8 ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ 136 _{ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ} 136 _{ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺽﺭﻋ} _1.9 140 _{ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ} _2.9 141 _{ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴ}_ﻻﺍ 143 _{ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ} 147 -150 _{ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ} ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ

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ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ 24 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 01 25 _{ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ} 02 56 _{ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ} 03 102 _{ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ} 04 103 _{ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﻝﺍ} 05 105 _{ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 06 105 _{ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ} 07 106 _{ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 08 106 _{ﻥﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 09 107 _{لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 10 108 _{ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 11 108 _{ﻙﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊ}_ﻴﺯﻭﺘ 12 109 _{ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 13 111 _._{ﺎﻬﻴﺃﺭ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 14 112 _{لﻘﻨ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻴﺃﺭ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﺎﻴﻘﻓﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ 15 113 _{ﺀﺎﻔﺨﺇ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻉﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺨﺩ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ 16 114 _{لﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊ}_ﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﻐﺸﻨﻻﺍ 17 115 _{ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻭ ﺕﻗﻭﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻲﻤﺭﻬﻝﺍ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ} لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻻ 18 116 _{ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻙﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 19 120 _{لﻭﺼﻭ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻙﻼﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ 20 121 _{ﺓﺎﻨﻗ لﻴﻀﻔﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﻙﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ} _{ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ 21

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ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ . 124 _{ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﻡﻬﻤﻼﻋﻹ ﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ 24 125 _._{ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻙﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ} 25 128 _{ﺎﻬﺤﻭﻀﻭﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 26 129 _{ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻉﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺨﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺨﺇ 27 130 _{ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﻩﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ . 28 131 _{ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ} ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ . 29 132 _{ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﺩﺼ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺭﺜﺃ} ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ 30 133 _._{ﻪﺒﻴﻐﺘ ﻡﻏﺭ لﻤﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻭ} 31 136 _{ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﺓ}_{ﺭﻴﺠﻝﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ 32 137 _{ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻭ 33 137 _{لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﺎﻤﺃ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 34 138 _{ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 35 139 _{ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ} 36

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ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ 30 _{لﺎﺼﺘﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ} 01 32 _{ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ} 02 44 _{ﺭﻔﻴﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﺸ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ} 03 44 _{ﻡﺍﺭﺸ ﺭﻭﻴﻝﻭ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ} 04 87 _{ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ} 05 88 _{ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﻕﺎﺴﻨﻷﺍ} 06

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

:

ﻻ ﻪﻌﺒﻁﺒ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻋ لﺯﻌﻤﺒ ﺵﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ لﺜﻤﻴ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻡﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ . ﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺘﺤﻤ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺴ لﻘﻨﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ،ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﻻ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺘﺎﻔﻤ ﺩﺤﺃ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ لﺒ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺫﺇ ، ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻡﻬﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ . ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺎﻫﺭ ﺩﻌﻴ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﻨﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﺭﺎﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻝﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ . ﻱﺃ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴﻝ لﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ . ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﻹ ،ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﻻ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ . ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺯﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺀﺯﺠ ﺼﻤ ﻕﺴﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻱﻷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺭﻐ ،ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﻁﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ . ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻫ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲ ، ﻪﻝ، ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺄﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ لﻜﻜ .

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~ 2 ~ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘ ،ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ،ﺔﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻡﻬﺴﻨﺠﻭ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﺌﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ . ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻘﺴﻨ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺎﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺽﻴﺭﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻲﺒﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻭ ) 1 ( . ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﺘﻭ ﻲﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺯﺘﻠﻴ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼﻭ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﻁﻌﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻭ ﺘﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﺠﺘﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻴﺴ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ . ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﺃ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻁ ﻥﻬﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻡﺃ ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤ ﻡﺃ ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯ ﻭﺃ ،ﻰﻀﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻨﻌﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻜﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻡﻬﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﻘﻨﻴﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝ ﻥﻭﻤﺘﻨﻴ ،ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻋﺃﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻜﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻱ ﻲﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺏﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ . لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨﺃ ﻡﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺞﺘﺍﻭﻨ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺭﺒﺘﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻭ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻲﻨﻬﻤ ﻭﻫ . ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨﻭ . ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﺒﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺴ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻰﻴﺤﻴ ﻲﺴﺎﻗ ﺩﻴﻬ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ 1 ،ﻲﺒﻴﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺒ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ـ ﻲﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻁ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻕﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 1 ،ﺭﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ، 2005 ﺹ ، 71 .

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~ 3 ~ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺩﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ . لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ . ،ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻓ ﺎﻨﻌﻀﻭﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻭ ﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ . ﺎﻨﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻪﻴﻓﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﻭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻁﺨ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ،لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ . ﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻨﻀﺭﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻲﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ . ﻤﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ لﻤﺤﻓ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﻼﻜﺸﻤﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻜ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗﻭﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ . لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺴﻤﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒﻓ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ : ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤﺍ ، ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ . ؟ﻲﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻴ ﻼﻌﻓ لﻫ،ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴﻓ ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ . ﻨﺴﻓ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ؟ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ لﻫ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ .

(13)

~ 4 ~ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨﺴﻓ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ . ﺁ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻫ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴﻓ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ لﺼﻓ ﺭﺨ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝ . ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺜ ؟ . ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ .

(14)

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ

:

ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ

ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ

1.1 ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

1.1.1 ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ

2 _.1.1

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

2 _.1.1

ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ

3 _.1.1

ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ

4 _.1.1

ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

5 _.1.1

ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ

6 _.1.1

ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ

2 _.1

ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ

1 _.2.1

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ

2 .2.1

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ

3 .2.1

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ

4 _.2.1

.

ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ

5 _.2.1

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ

(15)

~ 6 ~

ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ

:

ﺴ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﻋ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻨ ، ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﺴ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﻻ ﺎﻨﺘﺯﻔﺤ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻓﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ، ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ، ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻏﺎﻴﺼﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ . ﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺴ ﺙ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ .

1.1 _

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ

:

1.1.1 _

ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ

:

ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﻜﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺨ ﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲ ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻓﺩ : ﺃ _ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ : ﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ـ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﺔﺴﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ " ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻠﻝﺍ "، " لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ " ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻴﺃﺭﻭ ﺎﺨ ،ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﻭﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ ﺎﻨﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻪﺌﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻡﺩﻌﻝ ﺔﺼ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ . ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺍ ـ . لﺤﻤ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻲﺘﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﻲﺘﺭﻜﻓ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺒﻏﺭ ﻊﺒﺸﺃ ﻥﺃ ـ ﻲﻝ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻭﻀﻓ . ﺏ _ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ : ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ـ ﻝ ﻁﻤﻨ ﻥﻋ لﺀﺎﺴﺘﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻠ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ . ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻘﻝ ـ .

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~ 7 ~ ﻨ ﻥﺃ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ـ ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﻼﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺓﻭﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﺎﻬﻏﻭﻠﺒﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ لﻜﻜ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴﻝ ﻪﺠﻭ لﻤﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻨﺌﻤﻁﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺤﺍﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻬﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺜ ﻡﻫﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕ .

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ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ

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ﻝ ﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻁﺘ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺒﻻ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ . ﻪﺠﺘﻴ ﺩﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺎﻓ ﺼﺨﺸ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ـ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺒﺘﻜﻴ ﺍﻭﻝﺍﺯﺎﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ " لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ " لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺇﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﻑﻠ " ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﺤﻴ ﻲﺴﺎﻗ ﺩﻴﻬﺸﻝ ." ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ " لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ " ﻑﻴﻜ ﺢﻀﻭﻨﻭ ﻑﺸﺘﻜﻨ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﺴﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ : _ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﻱﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ ) ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ﻪﺒﺸ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ( لﻭﺎﺤﻨﺴ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻑﺸﻜ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻡﻜﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ، لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺔﺌﻓ لﻜ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ لﻫﻭ . _ ﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ لﻫﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ . _ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺼﺘﻘﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻴﻜﺒﺸ ﺎﻁﻤﻨ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺴﺎﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻝﺍ . _ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ) ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ( ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﻭ ﺩﻘﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻘﺤﻨ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ

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~ 8 ~ ﺔﻝﺯﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ . ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﻭ ﻕﻔﺘﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻋ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻨ ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﺎﻬ . ﺎﻤﻜ ﺴ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﺴﻨ ) ﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻘ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻜﻴﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴ ( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻝ . ﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺸﻻﻭ ﺓﻭﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘﺴ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭ .

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ

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ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻠﻝﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﻊﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻘﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻘﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ـﺍ : ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﺘ ـ " ﺔﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ " ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻭ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺤ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ،ﻰﻀﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻠﺴﺘﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨﺴ ـ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬ ) ﻪﺒﺸ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ( ﺴﻴﺘﻭ ﻡﻫﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻫﻭ ﺭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﻬﻝ . ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ لﻫﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ـ . ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ـ . ﻷﺍ ـ ﺏ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫ : ﺭﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ، ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ، ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺙﺒﻭ لﻘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ـ ﻩ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺕﺤﻤﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺇ ﺓﺭﺼﺘﺨﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻠﻝ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻻﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻝ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ .

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~ 9 ~ ﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ـ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ،ﺔﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﻑﻌﻀﻭ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ .

3 _.1.1

ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ

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ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻥﺎﻫﺭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻤ ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ) 1 ( ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ ، ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﻜﻭﻠﺴ ، ﺯﺠ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺎﻓ ﺀ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ . ) 2 ( ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻼﻓ ﻪﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ، ﺨﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ لﻀﻓﻷﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ، ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺀ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻭ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴﻭ ، ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ . ﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺞﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﻘﻝ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭ ، ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺎﺒ لﺩﺘﺴﻨ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ " ﺭ ﻨ ﺱﻴﺴ ﺕﺭﻜﻴﻝ " ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺠﺘ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ لﻜﻴﻫ ﻪﻠﻓ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﺫﺒﻴ ﻴﻅﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻡ ، ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﻻ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺭﻁ . ) 3 ( ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ " ﺕﺭﻜﻴﻝ " ﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺒ ﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ ل لﺎ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ . 1_{- fréderic le baron, la sociologie , Dunod , Paris ,2001, p 34 .}

2 -ﻲﺘﻭﺭﺭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺎﻗ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ، لﺌﺍﻭ ﻁ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ 5 ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، 2009 ﺹ ، 219 . 3 -،ﻲﻨﻤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻗﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﻘﻋ ﻲﻔﺼﻭ ﺭﻤﻋ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﻭﺩ ، ﻁ 4 ، ،ﺓﺭﻫﺯ 2009 ، ﺹ 230 .

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~ 10 ~ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤﻜ " ﻫ ﺭﺒﺭ ﻥﻭﻤﻴﺴ ﺕ " ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻴﺃ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻩﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ . ) 1 ( ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻡﺩﻗﻭ " ﺩﺭﺎﻨﺭﺒ " ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﻬﺴﺇ ﻋﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﻡﺘﻫﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﺎ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻌﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ . ) 2 ( ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺃ ﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺈﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺕﺎ ، ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺴﻗ لﻜ ﻡﻭﻘﻴﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤﻀﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﺒ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﻭ،لﻜﻜ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻫﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﻘﻨﺇ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ . ﻥﻴﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ لﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﺌﺩﺒﻤ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ لﻤﻋ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻜ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺃ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺍ لﺠ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ . ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻨ ﻁﺒﺭ ﺎﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﺒﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻑﺸﻜﻨﻝ ﻊ ، ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺤﺭﻁ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ : ؟ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ ـ ؟ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺹﺎﺨ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺔﺌﻓ لﻜﻝ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ لﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻭﻫ لﻫ ـ ؟ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ لﻫ ـ ؟ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﻑﻴﻜ ـ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ :

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ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ

:

1 ﻴ ـ ﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻘﻌ . 1 -،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺹ 254 .

2_{- Jean Michel plane, management des organisation, théories, concepts, cas, 1}er_{Edition, en} Belgique, mai, 2003, p42 .

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~ 11 ~ 2 ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻗ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘ ـ . 3 ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ـ . 4 ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴ ـ .

5 _.1.1

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ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

:

ﻻ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻡﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﺀﺎﺴ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﺘﻭ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﺘ . ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﻠﻜﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻷﺍ لﻬﺴ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻤ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﺘﻷﺎﻜ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ : ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ :( ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺎﺒ ، ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺃ ﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻪﻝ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻤﻨ لﻜ ﻥ ﺴ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻙﻭﻠ ﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻕﻔﺘﻴﻭ ﻡﺀﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻴ ﻱﺫ . ) 1 ( ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ :( ﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘ ﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ لﺠ ﺃ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﺠ . لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ :( ﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ، ﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ . ) 2 ( لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ) ﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺌ ﻲ ( : ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﺭﻤﺍﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻜﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻔﺸ ﻲﻫ لﻫﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﻁﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ) ﺓﺎﻨﻘﻝﺍ .( 1 -،ﺢﻠﺼﻤ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﺎﻨﺩﻋ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ، ،ﺔﻤﺎﺴﺃ ﻁ 1 ، ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ 2006 ، ﺹ 477 . 2 ،ﻱﻭﻗ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﺤﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ، ﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ﻭ ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، 2010 ، ﺹ 54 .

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~ 12 ~ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ :( ،ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻑﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ لﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻠﺒﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻍﻭ . لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨﻴﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ لﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ . ) 1 ( لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ :( ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺘﺴﺍﻭ لﺎﺴﺭﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ . ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ( : لﺨﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤ ﺔﺌﻓ لﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻨﺼ ﻲﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻋﺎ . ) 2 ( ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ( : ﻲﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ " ﻪﺒﺸ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ، ﻥﻴﻴﺒﻁ " ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻨ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ . لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻨﻗ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ :( لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﻭ لﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ، ﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺒ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﻘﻝﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘﻭ ﺃ ﻪﻝﺎﻜﺸ . ) 3 ( لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺓﺎﻨﻗ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ( : ﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺴﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ لﺎﺼﻴﻹ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬ . ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ( : ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻨﻁﻘﻴ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻨﺩﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤﺒ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﻴ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺍﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻴ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺔ ، ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏﻭ ﻱﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﻙﺴﺎﻤﺘﺒ ﺎﻌﺘﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ) 4 ( ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ :( ﻁﻭ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﻉﻭﻨﺘ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ ﺭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻘﻨ ﻕ ، ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻭ ﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﺴﻠﺴﺘﻭ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍ ﺎﻴﺒﺘ ) ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﻥﻴﻀﺭﻤﻤ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻁﺃ ( ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺩﻘﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻝﺍ ﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﺌﺎﻔﺸﺘﺴ . 1 ،ﻑﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺒﺤ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، ﻁ 1 ، ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ، 2003 ﺹ ، 156 . 2 ، ﻲﻤﺴﺎﻗ ﺭﺼﺎﻨ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻝﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩ ، ،ﺔﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، 2011 ﺹ ، 91 . 3 ،ﻡﻴﺭﺤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ) ،ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ( ، ﻁ ،ﺔﻤﺎﺤ ﺭﺍﺩ 1 ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، 2006 ﺹ ، 181 . 4 ﻥﻌﻤ ،ﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺨ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ،ﻕﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻁ 1 ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، 2000 ﺹ ، 162 .

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~ 13 ~ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ) ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ :( ﻭﺤﻨ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺴﻨﺘﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻪﺒﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﻏﻭﻠﺒﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ . ) 1 ( ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨﻭ ﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﻬﺸﻝ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﺸﻤ " ﻲﺤﻴ ﻲﺴﺎﻗ " ﻫﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲ ) ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ .(

6 _.1.1

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ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ

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ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﺹﻴﺨﻠﺘﻭ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺴ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﺒﺎ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ، ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﺒﻻ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻼﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺢﻀﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﺘ : 1 ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﺡﺭﺸﻭ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ـ . 2 ﻪﻔﻴﻀﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ـ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ . 3 ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﻨﺠﺘ ـ . 4 ـ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺜﺤﺒ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻀﺇ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺩﻴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ . ) 2 ( ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ) 3 ( ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ،ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ " ـﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ـ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ " ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺯﺎﻐﻠﻨﻭﺴ ﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺒ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻨ ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﻬﻤ ﻰ 2008 . 1 ،ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﻰﺴﻭﻤﻭ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻅﺎﻜ ﺭﻀﺤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻁ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ، 1 ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، 2008 ، ﺹ 207 . 2 ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺍﺭﻏ ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ، ﻁ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ لﺌﺍﻭ 4 ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ، 2008 ﺹ ، 28 . 3 ﺔﻴﺩﻬﻤ ﻲﻨﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺒ ، " ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ -ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻅ " ﺯﺎﻐﻠﻨﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ، ، ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺓﺩﺨ ﻥﺒ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﻥﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ، 2008 .