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ENVIRONICS
RESEARCH G ROU P
W AVE 9 SURVEYS
THE HEAl TH EFfECTS OF TOBACCO
AND HEAlTH WARNING MESSAGES ON C1GARETTE PACKAGES
SURVEY OF YOUTH
Prepared for: Healrh Canada
POR-076-04 HC-POR-04-19 Conrract # H41 33-4-0536
Prepared by: Environics Research Group Limired
January 2005
pn5552
Environics Research Group Lirnired 33 Bloor Street East, Suite 900 tel: 416.920.9010
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Canada M4w 3H 1 hrrp://www.environics.net
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
..
,1.0 INTRODUCTION
3
2.0 SMOKING STATUS ....
A. Smoking Behaviour and Brands
B. Quit Attempts and Potennal Qumers ..
4 4 6
3.0
HEAL TH EFFECTS OF SMOKING ..A. General and Top-of-mmd Effects . ..
B. Sources of Information about Health Effens .
C. Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking. .. .
D. Specifie Health Effects Caused by Second-hand Smoke .
9 9 12 14 22 E. Health Effects Caused by Hydrogen Cyan ide
26
4.0 HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES .. 28
A. Recall and Reads Per Day.. . . . .. 28
B. Impact of Current Messages.. 41
C. Assessmenc of Currerir Messages.. . 43
D. Avoidance of Messages 45
5.0
6.0
SUDE AND INSERT ". .. .
A. Recall and Reads per Day of Slide. .. . B. Assessment of Information on Siide ..
C. The Insert. ..
46 46
4849
TOXIC SUBSTANCES .
A. Awareness ofToxic Substances
50 50 B. Reads per Day and Impact of Information about Toxic Substances . 55
ApPENDICES Survey Methods Questionnaires
..
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Environics Research Group Limired was commissioned by Healrh Canada co conducr a survey of Canadian yourh, including yourh srnokers and non-srnokers. The main objective of the survey was co provide information tO assist in tbe evaluation of theTmpacc of healch warning ~nessages on cobacco ack'!cg~
--
__,-on yourh knowledge and behaviours. These healrh warning messages began appearing on the major cobacco brands in Canada on approximarely J anuary l , 200 l and on ail brands by approxirnarely June 30.
The survey assessed sources of information abOLI( the effects of cobacco, awareness and knowledge of the healrh effeccs of cobacco, the exrenr co which specifie diseases are believed co be caused by robacco and the nurnber of dearhs caused by smoking. As weil, ir looked at perceptions of the healrh effects of chemicals or coxic substances ln cigarettes, particularly hydrogen cyanide. The survey also rrieasured awareness and recall of the warning messages on borh the exrerior of the packages and on the package slides and inserrs, their effect on knowledge and behaviours, including behaviours incended co avoid the labels.
Finally, ir examined awareness of chemicals or toxic substances present in cigarettes, and recall of the information on toxic chemicals printed on the side of cigarette packages.
A survey of adulrs and adult srnokers was conducted separarely and is discussed under separate cover.
This report surnrnanzes the findings of the research. In the tables included in this report, we present resulrs for the general population (GP), smokers(S) and porential srnokers (PS). The sarnple sizes of r hese groups are:
One goal o(rbese surveys, condueeed in November and
.-- -
-----
-_..---
early December of 2004, was tO conduee the sam pli ng and questionnaire design in such a rnanner as CO allow cornparison wit h eight previous waves of surveys conducted by Environics:
baseline surveys, which were conducced in November and December 2000 prior co the introduction of new health warnlng messages inro the markerplace; surveys conducted III March and April 200 l , a few monchs afrer new health warnll1g messages were firsr introduced inco the marketplace; surveys conducred inJuly 2001, afcer new labels had appeared on ail brands;
and tracking surveys condueeed in Novernber and Decernber 2001, July 2002, December 2002, July and August 2003, and December 2003.
General population.
Smokers:
Porential srnokers:
1,000 117
nl
Appended co chis report are copies of the English and French questionnaires and a description of the survey rnethods.
,/
The survey ofyouth aged 12 co 18 years, which included yourh smokers and non-srnokers, is based on a sam pie size of
1,000. This survey was coriducted between November 18 and
---
December 5, 2004. A survey based on a sarnple of 1,000 has a margin of error of approxirnat ely 3.1 percencage points, 19 cimes in 20.
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9
3
2.0 SMOKING STATUS
A,
Smoking Behaviour and Brands
From the survey, seven percent or your h smoke cigarettes every day and rour percent srnoke occasionally. Among yourh smokers, 62 percent smoke every day and 38 percent smoke occasionally Older your h , especially chose aged 17 tO 18 years, are more likely than yOllnger reens tO say they smoke cigarettes every clay or occasionally.
Cigarette Consumption Per Day
DEC 2000
GP S PS
MAR·APR 2001
GP S PS 7 54 6 46
87 100
Every day
Occasionally (Iess than every day) Not at ail
11 64 6 36
83 100
* Less th an one percent
Among non-smoking yourh, one-quarter (25%) say they have at sorne rime rried cigarette smoking, which includes just having a rew puffs Among non-smoking youth who have never rried smoking, not even a few pufrs, five percent say they have seriously r houg hr about trying smoking Among ail non-smoking youth , rwo percent say they might rry smoking wit hin the nexr mon th.
Of the yourh sarnple, 11 percent are srnokers and 89 percent are non-srnokers. Or ail youth, 26 percent can be classified as porenrial srnokers; al1l0ng non-smoking l'ou th, 29 percem can be classified as porential srnokers. Potenrial srnokers include any yourh who say they have rried smoking, have seriously rhoughr about smoking or think they mig hr cry smoking wirhin the next rnonrh.
JULY 2001 NOV·DEC 2001 JULY 2002
GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS
10 65 10 61 8 62
5 35 7 39 5 38
84 100 83 100 88 100
DEC 2002 JULY·AUG 2003 DEC 2003 NOV·DEC 2004
GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS
10 68 7 63 7 60 7 62
5 32 4 37 5 40 4 38
85 100 89 100 88 99 89 - 100
Q.l
At the present t ime, cio yOti smoee cigarettes (mannfaaured or roi! )'our mun) euery clay, occasiona!!y 01' not al all?
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESS,\GES - WAYE 9
4
One in ten Canadian yourh (10%) report havinj; srnoked ac least
Cigarette Consumption Per Day
100 cigarecces in cheir life This number is more t h an cwice as
Everyday Smokers
high among older yourh, aged l7 co 18 years.
DEC MAR-ApR JULY Nov-DEC JULY UEC JULy-AUG UEC NOV-UEC
2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
Among yout h smokers who srnoke every day, a rotai of 27
25 29 37 42 31
percent report smoking more r han 15 cigarettes per day; Less than 10 cigarettes per day 31 35 40 20
includinj; five percent who report smoking more r han 25 10 ta 15 cigarettes per day 41 40 49 39 49 48 43 34 42
cigarettes per day. Abouc four in cen (42%) say chey srnoke 16 ta 20 cigarettes per day 12 12 6 7 12 9 13 9 13
becween cen and l5 cigarecces per day, and about rhree ln ten 21 ta 25 cigarettes per day 14 12 17 13 15 9 7 12 9
(31 %) report smoking fe wer chan teri cigarecces per day. 26 or more cigarettes per day 4 2 4 4 2 5
Among l'ou th smokers who smoke occasionally,' nille in teri Q.6
On averetge, hou. many agarettes do yOIi smol:e pel' clay}
(90%) report smoking fewer than teri cigarettes per day on
Sltbsetmp!e: Smoke wei]' dety the da ys t hat they smoke, six percenr smoke between ren and
15 cigarettes per ·day, and Nve percent smoke more cban 15 cigarettes per day.
Cigarette Consumption Per Day
Among youtb sruokers, Du Maurier King Size (Ll %) and Export
Occasional Smokers
.oK Regular Size 00%) are most often mentioned as their regularDEC MAR-ApR JULY Nov-DEC JULY DEC JULY-AUG DEC Nov-DEC
brands of cigaretces. Sm aller proportions mention DuMaurier 2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
Regular Size (7%), Players Lighc Regular Size (6%), DuMaurier
Less than 10 cigarettes per day 92 89 89 85 85 82 88 84 90
Lighc King Size (4%) and DuMaurier Light Regular Size (4%)
10 ta 15 cigarettes per day 7 5 9 11 6 13 12 6 6
Fifcy-chree percent mention sorne ocher brand, and seven percent
say chey do nor have a regular brand. 16 or more cigarettes per day 1 2 3 9 5
dl<Jna 4 2 2 7 2 2
When youch smokers are asked if chey smoke any orher brands
Q.7 of cigarettes, 47 percent say chey do noc smoke any ether brand.
On the days that yOIt smoee, about h01U many agarettes do yOI! smoèe?
SubJamp!e: Smol:« occaJllma!!y
These numbers should be inrerprered with caution, due co small sam ple size (N=46)
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9
B. Quit Attempts and Potential Quitters Quit Attempts Smokers
Seven in ten youth smokers (69%) report having triee! to quit
smoking; thrcc in ten (31 %) have nor triee! tO quir. OEe
2000
MAR-ApR
2001
JULY
2001
Nov-Dtc 2001
JULY
2002
OEe 2002
JULY-AUG
2003
68 32
OEe 2003
63 37
69 31
Nov-Dcc 2004 Among yourh smokers who have criee! tO quit smoking;' about
nine in ten (92%) say they have stoppee! smoking for a periocl of 24 hours at leasr once in the past year, in an atternpt tO quir Eighr percent say they have nor atrernpred tO quit smoking in the pasr year.
Yes No dk/na
66 33
61 38
69 31
75 25
59 40
65 35
Q.9
Halle )101/ el/el" Iried la qmt smokll7g) Slibsampie. Smoeers
Number of Times Tried to Quit Smoking
Smokers
OEe MAR-ApR JULY NOV-OEC JULY OEe JULY-AUG OEC Nov-Dac
2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
Once 21 15 25 21 29 20 23 23 28
Twice 15 26 19 19 20 34 16 20 16
Three times 20 10 13 13 6 12 23 20 15
More lhan three times 27 37 32 34 37 22 26 33 33
Not ill ihe past year 15 12 10 13 8 11 11 4 8
dk/na 2 1
Q.IO
ln tbe pas: )leal~ bou. man)l limes hat)« )lOIt stopped smoking for al leasl 24 bours because )lait u/ere irving to quit smokmg.) Subsample: Smoeers JUba bave iried la quit smoking
2 These nurnbers should be interpreted with caution, due ro srnall sam pie sizes (N=80).
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOI3ACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 6
Abou t six in ten yourh smokers (62%) report they are now
Potential Ouitters
seriously t hin kinj; of quitting smoking, about four in ten (38%)
Smokers
say they are not.
DEC MAR-ApR JULY Nov-DEC JULY DEC JULY-AUG DEC Nov-DEC
2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
Among yourh smokers who are seriously thlIlking about quitting
Yes 64 62 58 62
smoking;' alrnosr five in tcn (46%) say they will try tO quit 57 50 56 63 60
wir hin the nexr 30 days. A sirn ilar nurnber (45%) say they will No 42 49 44 36 39 36 36 42 38
try to quit within the nexr six rnoriths Nine percent say they dl<jna 2
will nor try within the next SIX momhs.
• Less than one percent
There has been no sigruficanr change since December 2003 in Q.lla
the nurnber of yourh smokers who have tried to quit or who say Are yOIl nota serionsly Iblnking of quitting smoking_) they are seriously thinking of quitting. The currenr resulrs also Subsample: Smoeers
suggest no significant change in the number of potential quitters who chink they will r ry to quit with in 30 days."
Potential Ouitters
Smokers
DEC MAR-Am JULY Nov-DEC JULY DEC JULY-AuG DEC Nov-DEC
2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
Within the next 30 days 56 41 37 63 48 49 45 53 46
Within the next 6 months 28 50 49 28 43 42 44 39 45
Not within the next 6 months 12 6 7 7 8 9 8 4 9
dl<jna 5 3 6 2 2 3
Q.llb
When cio yo« tbinl: yOtt will try 10 quit?
Subsample: Smoeer, u.00 are m-io/;sly thinking of quitting smoking
3 These nu mbe rs should be inrerprered with caution, due ro srnall sarnple mes (N=73).
Ij The sarnple of porcnrial quirrcrs is srnall (N=73); this finding shoulJ
ue
viewed wirh caution.
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE ') 7
Among youth srn okers who are seriously thlnktng about qui(([ng
Ways ta Ouit
smoking;' alrnosr rive in ren say they wdluse will power or go
Smokers
cold rurkey (47%) to try tO quit smoking. Smaller nurnbers
say they would chew gurn/candy/tood (20%), use the nicotine DEC MAR-ApR JULY Nov-DEC JULY DEC JULY-AUG lJEC Nov-DEC
patch (13%), use nicotine gum (12%), cut back gradually (9%), 2000 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004
or avold orher smokers and situations involving smoking (7%). Will power/cold turkeY/iust stop 54 46 54 53 52 42 46 53 47
Twelve percent mention sorne ether ways or rnet hods, and ren Chew gum/candy/food 4 3 14 11 20 8 17 9 20
percent offer no opinion. Nicotine patch 9 18 7 9 16 19 17 24 13
Nicotine gum 6 8 6 9 7 23 6 11 12
Cut back gradually 10 16 8 8 13 3 8 5 9
Avoid olher smokers/situations involving smoking 5 2 5 8 3 3 9 4 7
More exercise/get physically fit 2 2 7 5 5 1 6 1 3
Sell-help program 2 4 2
Drink fluids 2 4
Moulhwash/spray
Dislract yourself 9 3 7 1 2 2
Zyban 6 2 2 5 2 2
Clinic or group program 2
Seek doctor/professional advice 2
Hypnosis 2
Prescription drugs 2
Don'I start 2
Other 4 2 2 4 2 3 6
None/notlling 1 2 1 2
dk/na 11 5 5 14 6 6 5 8 10
Q. 7 1 c
If
you u/ere to quit smoking al sorne point in the [uture, u/hat ways 01- metbods do yOf,{ think yOti wo/tiei use?Subsample: Smokers who are serious!y thinking of quitting smoking
These uuurbers shouk! be inrerprer ed wir h caution, due ta small sarnple sizes (N=73).
ENVIRON/CS HEALTH EfFECTS OF TOBACCO AND 1-1 Er\LTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 8
3.0 HEALTH EFFECTS OF SMOKING
A.
General and Top-of-mind Effects
When asked whac specifie human healrh effeccs or diseases can be caused by smoking cigarettes, yourh are most likely to mention ILll1g cancer (57%). Smaller proportions mention cancer in general (38%), hearc attack/disease/angina (17%), lung disease (17%), oral cancer - tongue, lips, mour h , th roar (12%), ernphysema (8%), gum disease/coorh loss/mouch disease (6%), respiratory problems/difficulty breaching/shortness of breath (6%), yellow ceecb/fingers/effect on appearance (6%) and aschma (5 %). Thircy-seven percen t men tion orher buman healrh effeccs or diseases.About nine in cen yourh (88%) think chac cigarecce smoking is a major hcalch problcrn in Canada. Elcven percent chink ir is a minor problem. Only one percent chink ir IS not a healch problem
The resulrs of che currenr survey are essencially che sa me as chose found in the previous sLlrveys.
The view thar smoking is a major healch problem IS slighcly
lower among boys.
There has been no significanc change since December 2003 In chese findings. The resulr s of che current survey are sirnilar co chose found in December 2000.
Boys are more likely chan girls co mention lung cancer and hearr attack/disease/angina. Older youth are more likely chail ethers co mention lung cancer, oral cancer and ernphyserna.
Smoking as a Health Problem
DEC 2000 MAR APR 2001 JULY 2001 NOV-DEC 2001 JULY 2002 DEC 2002 JULY-AUG 2003 DEC 2003 NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS
Major 84 72 84 87 77 88 85 70 84 86 80 82 84 67 83 85 70 84 87 83 85 88 82 84 88 88 85
Minor 13 22 14 11 19 10 13 24 15 12 16 15 14 22 15 13 23 15 12 16 14 11 15 15 11 11 14
Not a problem 2 5 2 1 3 5 2 2 2 2 8 2 6 2 2 2 1
dk/na 2 2
• Less th an one percent
Q.12
ln general, do )'0/.1 thin]: that cigarette smoking is a major health problem, a minor healih problem or not a bealtb proble»: in Canada?
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 9
Health Effects of Smoking - Top-of-mind
Cancer -Iung Cancer in general Heart attack/disease/ang ina Lung disease/lungs (unspecilied)
Cancer - oral (tongue, lips, mouth, throat) Emphysema
Gum disease/tooth loss/mouth disease Respiratory problems/difficulty breathing/
shortness of breath
Yellow teeth/fingers/effect on appearance Asthma
Bronchitis/chronic bronchitis Stroke
Brain damage/disease
Blood circulation problems/blood clots Cancer - other
Death/premature death Throat disease/problems Addiction
Second-band smoke Bad breath
Impotence/sexual dysfunction Liver damage/disease
Poor physical condition/loss of energy Smaller babies/reduced growth of babies
during pregnancy
• Less th an olle percent
DEC 2000
GP S PS
2
2
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
68 60 70
34 38 35
21 28 19
13 15 12
14 14 18
10 16 11 6 8 5
5 5 5
4 2 4
4 6 4
4 5 5
3 1 2
2 5 2
2 3
2 2 2 2
1
5 2
4 4 2
JULY 2001
GP S PS
61 57 68
37 42 33
19 17 19
14 12 12
15 23 19
10 19 10
5 6 6
2
1
2
NOV-DEC 2001
GP S PS
62 67 65
37 38 37
19 27 16 14 9 14
18 29 18
8 14 8 6 7 6 5 10 3 3 2 3 465
3 9
3 4
2 2 1 3 3 2
1 2 2
1
2 4 1 3
1 2 2
JULY 2002
GP S PS
55 58 58 40 35 44 17 18 16
16 13 12
12 17 13 11 20 10
7 8 7
7 14 7 6 6 6
4 10 6
3 5 2
3 3 2
2 4 2
2 2 2
2 2
1 1
2 3
2 6
1 2
2
DEe 2002
GP S
59 64 62
37 33 38
21 19 23
15 11 15
15 17 20
11 14 15
6 6 6
4 5 5
4 1 8
5 3 3
2 3 1
3 4 3
3 5 3
2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1
2 3 2
2 2
1 2
PS
2 2
2
JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
62 59 62 32 32 35 17 21 14 15 11 14
12 19 14
10 15 12 9 11 8 5 11 6 434 545 343 343 222 222
1 3
1 2 2
1 2
2
DEC 2003
GP S PS
59 65 59 37 35 40 15 21 14 14 10 14 12 18 15 9 12 9
6 8 6
2
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
60 55 64
35 38 35 17 23 16 16 17 17
13 15 15
9 16 9
4 4 5
5 4 7
2 4 3
5 7 3
2 3 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 2
2 2
2
5 7 5
5 3 6
5 6 6
2 7
2 1 2 2 1
2 2 2
2
1 2
1
2 4
3
2
5 9 4
5 3 5
6 5 6
3 2 2
2 7 2
232
2 5 2
2 3
2 4
1
2 2 2
4 2
57 57 58
38 43 40 17 17 14
17 15 16
12 20 11 8 11 10
6 11 7
6 7 6
6 4 6
5 8 6
3 5 4
2 4 2
2 4 1
2 2
2 2
2
2 1 1
2 2 3
2 3
2
2
2
4 1
2
2
Continued . QI3
What specifie buman health effects or diseases,
if
any, can yOIl think of that can he camee! hy smoking cigarettes? Are tbere an)' ethers?ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH \'\If\RNING MESSAGES - \'\lAVE 9 10
Health Effects of Smoking - Top-of-mind
Conl/nued
DEe 2000 MAR-APR 2001 JULY 2001 NOV-DEe 2001 JULY 2002 DEe 2002 JULY-AUG 2003 DEe 2003 NOV-DEe 2004
GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS
Cancer - breast 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Birth defects/problems witll pregnancy 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
Skin irritatIOns/conditions 1 1 3 2
Effect on the fetus/unborn child 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Preterm birtll/premature birtll 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2
High blood pressure 2 1
Coughillg 2 1 2 1
Wrinkles/preillature aglng 2 3 3 2
Kidney disease/problems
Headaches 2
Eye disease/problems Allergies
Immune system problerns Dizziness/nausea Stomach problems
Air pollution/environrnental damage Arthritis
Fire accidents/burns Gangrene
Osteoporosis/problems with bones 2
Miscarriages/stlll births
Diabetes 1 1
Other 3 5 3 5 6 2 4 4 6 6 3 5 3 2 2 2 5 3 4 4 5 5 4
None/nothing 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
dk/na 3 2 2 4 5 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 4
• Less than one percent
Q.13
Wbat s/}ecific human bealtb effeas or diseases, i[ an)', can yo» tbink o[ tbat can be caused by smoking cigarettes) Are tbere an)' ethers?
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EEFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH \X/ARNING MESSAGES - \X/AV!" 9 11
B.
Sources of Information about Health Effects
When asked where chey have recencly seen or heard informacion thar calks about che healch effeccs ofsmoking cigarecccs,
che largesc proportions of youch mention school/universicy
(54%) and celevision (45%). This is followed by ment ion of cigarecce packages ( 19%), word-of-mou th/fami Iy/friends ( 15 %), magazines (8%), newspapers (6%) and Internet/website (5%).
Twency-five percent mencion ot her sources of informacion and eighc percenc say nowhere.
The results of che currenr survey find thar the n umber of yourh who have seen informacion about che health effects of smoking cigarecces on cigarette packages is esseneially unchanged from December 2003, but remains a total of six points higher than in Oecember 2000.
seen this informacion on cigarecce packages Older yourh are also more likely to mention magazrnes and television. Youch aged 12 ro l6 are more likely co mencion school/universir y. Among non- smokers, pocencial yourh smokers are more likely co mention cigarette packages Smoking youch are less likely co mencion school/universicy
Girls are more likely chan boys ta have seen or heard this inforrnat ion in school/universicy or by word-of-rnourh. Older youth and youth smokers are more likely than ethers co have
ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EfFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEAlTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 12
Sources of Information about Health Effects
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Scnool/universily Television
Cigarette packages Word-of moutll/family/friends Magazines
Newspapers 1 nternet/website Billboards Radio News
Ooctor/doctor's office Posters
Public areas and buildings Hospitals/medical clinics Bus/public transportation Store
Books/scientific iournals Pam ph lets/brochures/fi yers Other tobacco product packages Workplace
Health associations/agencies Advertising/media - general Movie theatre
Other Nowhere dk/na·
48 39 46
49 54 52
13 34 14
11 11 10
16 16 16
6 7 8
2 1 3
5 5 6
5 2 5
2 3
3 4 3
1 3
1 8 3
6 2
* Less than olle percent
1 8
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
44 21 40
56 54 61 29 66 34 10 8 11 14 11 17
7 6 6
3 1 2
6 8 6
5 5 5
2 3 2
2 5 3
1 1
2 2 2
5 3
1
6 3
2 3
JULY 2001
GP S PS
40 24 39
48 44 49
32 70 35 14 14 15 11 9 11
6 3 8
2 2
5 7 7
5 4 4
3 4 3
2 4 1
2 1
2 2
6 3
1 2 2
5 2
Nov-DEe 2001
GP S PS
49 28 53
53 59 56 30 62 33 14 8 15 12 14 13
5 6 4
3 4 2
585 574
1 1
2 2 2
2. 6 1
4 4 3
1 2
2 2
1
4 3
3 2
4 2
JULY 2002
GP S PS
3
4 4
2
2
1 7 3
DEe 2002
GP S PS
47 24 47
56 73 60
24 48 28
15 13 15
16 11 21
8 9 8
4 2 5
6 6 9
667
2 2
2 2
2 1 1
363
1 2 1
332
1
2
1
2
1 2
3 3
• JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
1 7 3
DEe 2003
GP S 1-'::1
51 36 47 51 55 56 20 50 24 12 10 12 15 15 16
7 11 6
5 6 4
6 7 6
5 6 5
1 1
2 4 4
2 2
1
1 4 2
2 2 3
2 2
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
54 28 60
45 48 45
19 42 23 15 16 16 8 11 11
6 6 8
5 6 4
4 4 4
4 2 4
3 3 3
3 5 2
2 1 1
2 3 3
1
2
1 2
37 23 33
54 53 57
32 60 37
15 12 14 15 13 17
8 10 8
344
7 8 7
585
2 1
2 3
2 4
3 1 4
2
1 6 4
4 3
2
40 20 37 55 64 54 28 59 31
12 14 13
15 14 18
647
4 4 5
7 13 8
5 3 5
213 3 1 2
1 2 1
2 3
2
3 4 3
4 4
1
1 1 1
2 2 2
5 4 3
3 2
2
1 8 3
2 2
8 5
4 2
Q. 14
Thinking genera!!y about information iobich ta!ks abOlit the health ei/ects a/smoking cigarettes, u/bere have yOlt seen or heard any of this kznd of information recent/y) Anyu/here else?
ENVIRONICS
13
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH \'\IARNING MESSAGES - \'\lAVE 9
c Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
In this section of the survey, respondents were read a list of
healrh effects and diseases, and were asked the cxtCnt ro which they agreed or disagreed thar each can be caused by smoking cigarettes.
An overwhelming majoricy of yourh scrongly agree thar lung cancer (96%) can be caused by smoking cigarettes. Large majorities strongly agree that smoking can cause hearc disease (77%), gum or rnourh diseases (77%), rnourh cancer (73%), throar cancer (72%), asthrna (70%) and premature death (67%), Abouc one-half of yourh scrongly agree char smoking can cause srroke (55%), smaller babies or reduced growrh of babies during pregnancy (53%), wrinkles and premature aging (51 %) and chronic bronchitis (49%).
Fewer chan half ofyouth strongly agree thar smoking can cause blood clots (42%), premature birth or preterm birrh (40%), emphysema (38%), miscarriages (36%), impotence in men (29%), stornach ulcers (26%) and infertility (24%). Two in ten or fewer strongly agree rhat smoking can cause bladder cancer (20%), Multiple Sclerosis 04%), aene 04%), Alzheirner's Disease (13%), arthrrris (l2%), gangrene (ll %) and heparitis 00%)
The results of che currem survey suggesc thar there have been slighc increases from the December 2003 survey in che proportions of youch who scrongly agree that blood clots, stroke and premature dearh can be caused by smoking Comparison wir h che baseline survey in December 2000 suggescs char rhere have been increases ln che nu rnbers of Canadian youch who s'r rong ly agree thar blood clots, premature dearh, impotence ln men, infercilicy, mouth cancer, gum or mourh diseuses, and srroke can be caused by smoking.
Among yourh, girls are more likely chan boys co scrongly agree thar smoking can cause gum and mouch diseases, miscarriages, sm aller babies or reduced g rowrh of babies during pregnancy, premature birrh or precerm birth, and wrinkles and premature aging. Boys are more likely to scrongly agree thar smoking can cause ernphyserna, rrnporence, gangrene, bladder cancer, rh roat cancer and premature deach.
Older youth are more likely CO scrongly agree rhat smoking can cause many of rhese hum an healch condicions, including asrhrna, emphysern a, impotence ln men, infercilicy, rnouth cancer, throar cancer, lung cancer, stroke, wrinkles and premacure aging, smaller babies or reduced growch of babies during pregnancy, premature birth, premature deach and chronic bronchicis.
Those who have seen, read or heard about che healch warning messages now on cigarette packages, and chose who have seen the messages on cigarette packages rhernselves, are more likely chan chose who have not ta strongly agree chat smoking can cause mouch cancer, rhroar cancer and premacure birth. Those
who have seen, read or heard about che healch warning messages
are also more likely ta rncnrion ernphysema; chose who have seen che messages on cigarette packages are also more inclined co mention miscarriages, gum and mouch diseases, and chronic bronchicis
Among non-smoking yourh, porentia! srnokers are more likely co strong ly agree thar smoking can cause impotence in men, emphysema and mourh cancer, buc chey are more likely co scrongly disagree thar smoking can cause an hrir is, heparir is and acne, Youth srnokers are more likely chan orhers co scrongly agree thar smoking can cause rhroar cancer, infercilicy, premature birr h and impotence in men, buc chey are more likely co srrongly disagree thar smoking can cause archricis, gangrene and acne.
ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOB,\CCO AND HEi\LTH \XfARNING MESSAGES - \XfAVE 9 14
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Lung cancer Stronglyagree Somewilat agree Somewhat disaqree Strongly disagree dk/Ila
95 93 96
4 6 3
Heart disease Slronqly aqree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/Ila
74 78 74
21 17 21
2 1 1
2 2 2
2
Gum or mouth diseases Stronglyagree Somewilat agree Somewhat disagree Stronqly disagree dk/na
66 64 68
23 24 21
5 4 7
4 5 4
3 4
Moutll cancer Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
66 68 69
21 21 18
6 5 7
4 3 5
3 4
• Less lhan one percent
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
97 94 98
2 5
78 76 81 18 19 16
2 3
2
73 73 76 19 21. 17
3 1 4
2 4 2
2
69 68 72
21 22 20
4 5 4
3 3 3
3
JULY 2001
GP S PS
95 90 96
4 7 4
1 3
74 75 77 21 16 20
3 4 3
3 2
72 68 74 19 17 19
5 8 4
2 6 2
2
66 62 71 24 28 22
4 6 3
2 3 2
3 2
NOV-DEC 2001 GP S PS
95 96 94
4 3 5
76 78 74 20 16 23
2 3 2
73 75 71 20 19 23
3 2 2
2 1 2
2 2
71 73 69 22 21 24
3 3 4
2 3
2
JULY 2002 GP S PS
95 89 95
4 10 4
2
77 70 75
19 24 21
2 3 1
2 2
75 65 76 18 23 18
4 9 3
2
71 68 72
20 22 17
4 3 6
3 7 2
2 2
DEC 2002
GP S PS
95 91 95
5 6 5
2
78 75 77
18 20 19
2 2 3
.2
75 75 76
19 17 19
3 5 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
69 71 69
22 19 25
4 4 3
3 6 3
2
JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
94 92 94
5 6 6
77 82 76
18 14 19
2 2 2
2 2 2
75 82 75 19 14 19
4 1 4
1 1
2 2 2
70 77 71 21 18 21
5 2 5
2 1 2
2 2
DEC 2003
GP S PS
94 92 94
5 8 5
76 72 76 20 25 21
2 2 2
74 68 79 20 21 16
4 10 3
71 75 72 21 19 19
5 4 7
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
96 3
94 97
3 2
3
77 18 2 2
83 74 10 22
3 3
3
77 17 3 1 2
73 76 19 19
4 1
1 2
4 2
73 19 3 2 3
78 77 17 15
3 4
2 i
Q. 15
[ am going to reac! yOli a list of hrcman health effects and diseases that may or may not ue caused uy smoking cigarettes. Based on what yolt Emno 01- belieue, p!ease tel! me ifyolt strong!y agree, someu/hat ag,-ee, sorneu/bat disagree or stmng!y disagree that smoking cigarettes can cause each ol the lo!!owing .
ENVIRONICS
15
HEALTH EFFECTS OF T08ACCO AND HEALTH \XIARNING MESSAGES - \XfAVE 9
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Ihroat cancer Stronglyagree Sornewha: agree Somewha' disagree Sirongly disagree dk/na
75 76 75
18 18 19
3 2
1 1 2
2 3 2
Aslnma Stronglyagree Sornewhat agree Somewhal disagree Sirongly disagree dk/na
67 67 72 22 22 21
5 6 5
4 4 2
Premature dealh Stronglyagree Sornewhat agree Somewhal disagree Sirongly disaqree dk/na
63 63 61 23 25 24
7 5 8
4 4 4
3 3 3
Siroke Sironglyagree Somewhal agree Somewhal disagree Sirongly disagree dk/na
44 37 41 30 23 33 11 13 10
4 6 4
11 20 10
• Less than one percent
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
77 78 81
17 17 14
3 3 2
2 2
70 71 70 21 20 22
4 4 4
3 3 3
2
67 58 66 21 25 23
5 7 6
4 9 3
3 2
51 52 49 26 19 26
8 11 7
4 7 5
12 11 1 j
JULY 2001
GP S PS
72 72 79 21 22 18
332 132 2
67 62 73 21 21 17
665 493 2 2
64 61 61 23 21 28
7 11 7
2 5 1
4 2 2
49 53 43 27 18 30
8 7 10
443 13 18 14
NOV-DEC 2001
GP S PS
75 82 75 20 16 21
2 2 2
66 72 71 23 17 21
5 6 5
3 3 2
2 3
64 64 63 23 23 24
6 6 5
3 3 4
4 3 4
49 48 45 27 19 29
7 8 8
4 4 6
13 20 12
JULY 2002
GP S PS
73 70 75
20 22 19
3 3 2
2 3 1
3 2 2
70 68 72 20 20 19
6 4 3
3 6 4
2 2
65 55 62 24 27 25
5 7 7
4 9 4
3 2 2
49 43 45 30 27 32
8 12 9
4 11 3
9 7 10
DEC 2002
GP S PS
73 79 74
21 15 21
3 3 2
3
71 72 74 21 21 20
4 4 2
3 1 3
2
61 55 61
25 27 28
6 9 6
3 6 3
4 3 2
52 54 47 30 21 31
7 6 11
4 12 2
7 6 9
JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
74 83 78 21 16 20
2 1 2
69 71 71 22 21 24
4 4 3
2 1
2 2
66 69 61 24 19 30
4 6 5
2 3 2
4 3 3
49 60 49 32 26 32
8 5 10
4 5 4
7 5 6
DEC 2003
GP S PS
72 74 76 23 21 20
4 4 3
1
70 57 70 22 30 24
3 7 2
3 4 2
2 2
63 57 60 24 24 27
8 13 7
3 3 3
3 3 3
51 49 49
32 27 33
10 14 11
3 6 4
5 5 3
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
72 22
2
1 2
81 72 13 22
3 4
1 1
2 2
70 22
4 3
70 69
23 23
2 5
5 3
67 21
5 3 3
64 64 18 23
9 6
4 4
5 3
55 27 7 5 5
58 56
19 27
11 8
9 5
3 4
Q./5
1 am going ta read yo/.! a !ist ollJ/itnan lJealtlJ efficts and diseases tbat may 01' may 120t be caused by smokmg cigarettes. Based on u/hat you know or belieue, please tell me
if
yO/l strongly agl'ee, sotnetahat agree, someu/hat disagree or stmng!y disagree tbat smokmg cigarettes can cause eacb 01 the fo!lowlng .ENVIRONICS
16
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Smaller babies or reduced growth of babies during pregnancy
Stronglyagree 51 48
Somewhat agree 29 31
Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
7 7 6
7 8 6
Wrinkles and premature aging Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
50 53 50 25 23 23 12 9 13
9 13 9
4 2 5
Chronic bronchitis Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
51 56 57 30 31 29
7 5 6
2 4 2
10 4 6
Blood clots Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
34 35 30 35 34 36 14 12 15
7 8 7
10 11 12
54 29
8 6 4
MAR-APR 2001 GP S PS
55 29
8 4 4
55 26 10 7 2
55 30 7 5 4
JULY 2001
GP S PS
54 29
7 4 6
53 26 8 7 6
56 32 6 4 3
NOV-DEC 2001 GP S PS
53 31
7 4 6
55 27 6 2 9
52 32 7 5 3
JULY 2002 GP S PS
55 31 7 3 5
58 27
7 5 3
57 28 8 3 4
DEC 2002
GP S PS
53 31
7 5 4
49 28 9 9 5
50 37 6 5 2
JULY-AUG 2003 GP S PS
54 31
7 3 5
56 23 10 5 6
53 34 7 2 5
DEC 2003 GP S f'S
53 31
8 2 5
58 24 10 2 6
54 31
.8 3 4
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
53 30
8 3 5
56 29
54 29 9 3 4
52 44 52
25 24 25 12 12 13
9 16 8
3 3 2
52 64 54 28 23 32
5 8 3
3 2 2
11 3 9
36 34 36 37 32 38 12 12 11
5 13 4
9 9 10
50 47 54 22 24 22 13 11 11 10 16 10
5 2 3
50 55 57 23 29 22
7 5 7
242
17 7 12
34 31 33 35 32 37 14 18 14
676
11 12 9
48 46 48 25 26 25 12 12 12
9 10 10
5 6 5
51 55 52 30 27 32
5 8 4
2 1 2
12 8 9
37 37 36 38 34 38 11 11 13
5 6 6
8 12 7
50 44 50 25 22 25 11 11 12 10 19 10
4 3 2
54 64 55 27 24 27
6 5 6
3 3 4
10 5 8
40 33 36 35 30 37 12 18 12
5 11 5
9 8 10
48 44 52 27 23 26 12 14 11
9 17 8
4 2 3
53 64 55 30 24 31
5 2 5
2 4 2
9 6 7
36 33 35 39 32 40
12 16 15
5 14 3
8 5 6
50 51 51 24 22 24
12 8 15
8 11 6
6 7 3
50 59 56
28 26 30
6 6 3
2 2 2
14 7 9
36 36 36 37 29 36
12 17 16
4 7 4
11 10 8
49 44 49
25 22 25
15 18 16
8 15 8
3 2
48 54 49
33 35 35
7 7 8
3 2 2
10 6
36 36 37
40 33 39
13 17 15
4 7 4
7 7 5
2 6
51 25 11 9 4
48 52 29 24 13 11
8 9
2 4
49 31
6 2 12
55 51 31 30
2 8
2 2
10 9
42 36 10 4 9
41 44 29 36 16 9
7 4
6 7
Q.15
l am going to read YOII a list of hranan heafth effects and dtseases that ma)' or ma)' not be caused by smoking czgarettes. Basecl on tuhat yo« know or believe, p!ease tel! me ifyolt strong!y agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strong!y disagree that smoking cigarettes (an cause each of the fol/owing .
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 17
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Premature birth or preterm birth Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
42 46 44
30 28 29 13 13 12
7 7 8
7 5 7
Emphysema Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Sornewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
37 48 41 24 19 25
7 5 8
4 6 4
27 22 22 Miscarriages
Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Sornewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
34 32 36 34 31 31 14 16 16
8 15 8
10 5 8
Impotence in men Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
14 18 13 29 27 33 18 19 20
15 21 16
24 14 17
MAR-APR 2001 GP S PS
JULY 2001 GP S PS
NOV-DEC 2001 GP S PS
JULY 2002 GP S PS
DEC 2002
GP S PS
JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
DEC 2003
GP S PS
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
40 35 11
6 7
50 42 28 32 11 13
5 8
7 4
41 36 43 34 32 36
11 13 9
7 10 6
7 9 6
42 48 43 21 23 20
8 5 8
2 2 2
28 22 28
35 29 37 31 28 32 13 19 13
8 14 9
12 9 9
27 35 28 27 31 28
16 14 16
11 15 11
19 6 17
42 42 44 33 32 33 10 9 10 7 12 7
8 5 6
38 49 37 20 17 24
9 9 9
2 5 2
30 21 27
35 29 38 32 31 35 12 17 12
8 13 7
14 9 8
27 34 31 26 31 28 15 12 15
9 15 9
23 8 16
39 36 37
33 32 34 13 13 15
8 11 8
7 9 6
36 43 34
21 27 23
8 8 9
3 6 3
32 27 31
35 28 34 33 31 36 13 20 12
7 7 9
12 14 9
30 42 30 30 24 34
14 16 13
8 9 8
18 9 15
40 39 39 36 34 39 12 11 12 6 11 4
7 6 5
43 48 42 21 20 23
7 5 5
4 8 3
25 19 26
37 29 36 33 35 35 14 15 14
7 15 7
10 5 7
28 38 29 30 25 33
14 9 15
9 19 8 19 9 14
39 42 42 36 31 36
12 12 13
6 9 6
6 6 3
42 50 48 25 25 20
8 7 7
2 1 3
22 17 21
36 32 37 34 32 34 13 12 17
9 16 8
9 6 5
26 41 30 31 27 29 15 12 17
7 13 9
20 7 14
43 45 44
33 37 33
11 5 13
5 7 4
8 5 6
38 46 37 22 18 20
9 6 13
3 3 4
28 26 25
36 34 34 33 32 35 13 9 15
7 18 7
11 7 7
30 48 37 26 30 28
13 7 16
7 7 6
23 8 14
38 40 41 37 36 37 14 17 11
4 3 6
6 3 5
39 43 43 26 21 25 11 18 13
3 5 3
21 14 17
36 36 38 33 31 32
16 19 16
5 11 7
10 3 7
26 40 32 32 26 34
18 20 17
6 9 6
18 5 11
38 23 10 3 27
39 42 21 21 11 10
4 5
25 22
36 31 16 7 10
35 35 24 32 27 18 10 8
4 8
29 28 13 8 21
43 33 30 28 9 16
9 8
8 15
Q. J 5
1 am gomg to read you a list of branan heafth effects and dtseases tbat may or may no! be caused by smoking cigarettes. Basee! on u/ha: )'011 enoro 01' belieue, please tel! me If you strang!)' agree, sometahat agree, someu/hai disagree or strongly disagree tbat smokzng cigarettes can cause each of the fo!!owzng .
ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBt\CCO AND HEAI.TH \XfARNING MESSAGES - \)(lAVE 9 18
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Smoking
DEC 2000 MAR-APR 2001 JULY 2001 NOV-DEC 2001 JULY 2002 DEC 2002 JULY-AUG 2003 DEC 2003 NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS
Hepatitis
Stronglyagree 9 9 8 10 6 8 8 5 5 9 5 9 10 9 6 11 10 11 9 6 7 10 1 10 10 7 9
Somewhat agree 23 14 22 20 14 16 23 18 25 21 15 23 26 20 24 25 11 23 25 17 27 27 24 24 25 22 23
Somewhat disaoree 27 24 29 29 34 33 25 23 29 29 31 27 26 29 29 29 30 27 27 30 28 30 35 35 31 27 31
Strongly disagree 26 40 26 25 35 27 26 1)2 27 26 34 28 23 32 28 23 36 30 22 29 25 20 33 19 22 34 25
dl<Jna 15 13 14 15 10 16 17 12 14 14 15 14 15 10 13 29 22 25 18 18 14 12 7 12 12 10 12
Q./5
1 am gomg to reaa yo« a list of bli/17an beaftb ef/ects and disease.r that may or may not be causee! by smoking cigarettes. Basee! on u/hat yo« know or belieue, please tel! me If yOIt strong/y agree, sameu/hat agree, someu/hat disagree or Jtmng/y disagree that smokmg cigarettes carl cal/Je each of the fo!!owing .
ENVIRONICS
HEALTH E['['ECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 21
Specific Health Effects Caused by Second-hand Smoke
DEC 2000
GP S PS
Lung cancer ln non-smokers Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
Asthma attacks ill children Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disaqree Strongly disagree dk/na
Chest infections in children Stronçly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disapree Strongly disagree dk/na
Bronchitis in children Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
56 62 31 23
7 8
5 6
64 66· 66
25 23 24
6 4 6
3 4 3
2 3
54 60 55
32 24 34
7 5 6
3 5 3
3 5 2
49 58 50
34 29 34
7 5 6
4 3 4
7 5 5
* Less than one percent
56 33 8 3
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
60 55 63 28 31 26
6 8 6
5 6 4
64 61 63 27 33 28
4 1 5
3 4 2
53 55 55 35 33 36
675
4 4 3
2
50 52 50 35 36 37
7 6 6
4 4 4
5 3
JULY 2001
GP S PS
52 42 53 33 35 32 9 11 10
4 8 3
2 3
62 58 64 27 39 26
6 6 7
3 5 2
49 50 53 38 35 37
6 8 5
2 3 3
4 4 3
46 48 49 35 35 32
7 7 7
4 6 5
8 5 6
NOV-DEC 2001
GP S PS
54 51 57 33 36 33
8 9 6
4 4 3
61 64 61 31 28 30
4 5 6
3 3 2
52 53 55 37 37 35
6 4 6
3 5 2
3 2 2
47 54 48
36 32 37
8 7 9
3 5 3
5 3
JULY 2002
GP S PS
55 52 55 30 31· 32
9 9 10
5 7 3
65 64 69
25 22 23
5 4 6
3 6 1
2 3 2
53 53 54 33 29 34
7 10 7
3 4 3
3 3 2
49 50 52
34 33 33 9 10 8
4 4 3
5 3 4
DEC 2002
GP S PS
64 63 63 28 26 29
4 5 4
4 5 3
67 69 63
27 26 31
3 1 2
2 1 3
2
55 61 56 33 27 35
6 6 6
3 4 2
2 2
52 59 50 35 31 38
6 3 6
3 4 3
5 3 4
JULY-AUG 2003
GP S PS
67 58 66 26 30 28
4 5 2
3 7 4
68 71 68 26 25 29
2 1 2
2 2
2
53 60 58 35 29 32
6 5 5
2 3 2
3 2 2
49 50 54 33 35 32
8 8 8
3 4 2
7 2 4
DEC 2003
GP S PS
67 57 68 25 31 24
5 5 5
3 6 2
67 67 67
25 27 26
5 5 4
2 2 2
2
56 56 59 32 33 30
6 8 5
2 2 3
3 3
52 52 56 33 32 32
8 10 8
3 5 2
5
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
67 25
4 3
56 73
26 21 12 2
6 4
66 27 4 1
2
66 65 23 26
8 5
2 2
2
55 36 4 2 2
58 57 27 36
6 3
5 2
4
49 35 7 2 7
51 57 36 30
5 7
2 2
6 4
Q.16
Hel-e is a lis/ of beaùb effeas and diseases affec/ing non-smoeers that may or may not be caused by breatlJllzg in second-band smoee from Cigarettes tbat otber peop!« are smoking. Basee! on u.ba: yO/l knozu
. .
or be!ieve, please te!! me if YOII strong!y agree, sometuhat agree, somcu/hat disagree or strong!y disagree that second-band smoee can cause each of the fo/lowwg .
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Second-hand Smoke
Heart disease in non-smoking adults Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
Strokes in non-smoking adults Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
DEC 2000 GP S PS
38 42 39 38 35 38 13 12 12
8 9 8
3 3 2
20 18 19
37 28 36 21 19 24 12 20 12
10 16 9
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) or Crib Death Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
Ear infections in chuoren Stronglyagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
23 21 24
31 26 31 16 18 16
15 21 16
15 15 14
15 15 15
24 21 22
28 27 29 24 28 27
9 9 8
MAR-APR 2001
GP S PS
JULY 2001 GP S PS
37 37 39 40 34 37 14 14 14
6 13 6
4 3 3
22 20 18 33 29 34 22 19 23 10 15 10
13 17 14
18 18 19 33 30 32 17 19 19 13 20 13 20 12 17
13 15 12 27 21 29 26 21 28 26 37 25
8 7 7
NOV-DEC 2001
GP S PS
JULY 2002 GP S PS
DEC 2002
GP S PS
JULY-AUG 2003 GP S PS
DEC 2003 GP S PS
NOV-DEe 2004
GP S PS
46 37 11
4 2
37 43 41 37 14 14
5 4
2 2
40 35 41
39 44 38
12 9 14
7 10 6
2 3
24 21 20 38 32 38 19 20 21
9 19 10
10 8 11
24 21 25 30 24 32 19 20 20 11 20 13 15 16 10
14 7 13 26 26 25 30 23 33 23 38 22
7 6 7
36 32 39 42 42 41 12 12 11
7 12 6
2 2 3
23 25 31 38 26 43 19 22 17
8 13 7
12 14 12
22 22 20 33 25 36 18 18 19 10 19 11 16 15 13
11 10 9
24 15 26
33 30 35
24 34 24
8 11 5
37 31 38 40 39 38 14 17 15
7 9 8
2 4
23 22 19 38 30 40 19 19 21 11 18 12
9 11 9
22 25 20 32 24 33 18 20 18 12 18 14 16 13 15
12 8 12 24 15 26 32 27 32 23 42 22
8 9 8
45 45 43 39 35 39 10 15 11
4 5 5
2 3
26 25 21 39 28 38
19 19 24
9 21 10
7 7 8
24 26 24 34 28 35 18 17 19 11 21 12
13 10 9
16 21 16 23 21 23 33 23 37 23 31 20
6 4 5
43 35 44 40 46 40 9 9 12 563
2 5
27 29 27 40 30 42 18 18 19
8 12 8
7 11 4
25 20 24 36 38 35 15 12 20
10 19 10
14 10 11
12 14 10 26 21 24 32 27 34 22 27 25 8 10 6
44 41 43 38 37 39 11 10 13
5 10 5
2 2
26 26 27 39 42 35 21 15 28
8 14 9
5 3
23 19 24 35 36 37 20 23 22 9 14 10
13 8 8
13 8 14 28 22 26 32 31 31 21 34 23
6 4 5
30 41 17
8 5
26 33 32 40 21 16 17 6
4 5
26 35 18 9 12
26 27 24 34 22 18 15 8 13 12
14 27 30 22 7
16 15 22 24 28 31 26 22 8 8
Q.16
Here is a iist of bealtb effects and diseases affictmg non-smoeers tbat may or Inay not be caused by breatbi ng in second-banc! smol:e from cigarettes that ether people are smoking. Basec! on tohat you know or belieue, p!ease tel! me If yo« stmngiy agl-ee, someu/hat agree, someuiha: disagree or strong!y disagree that second-band smoee carl cause each of the fol!owing .
ENVI RON ICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH \VARNING MESSAGES - \VAVE 9
24
Specifie Health Effects Caused by Second-hand Smoke
Multiple Sclerosis in non-smoking adults Strong Iy agree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
Alzheimer's Disease in non-smoking adults Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
Arthritis in non-smoking adults Stronglyagree
Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree dk/na
DEC 2000
GP S PS
9 8 6
25 17 28
25 24 29
22 35 23
19 16 14
8 6 6
23 15 24
30 28 33
27 40 30
11 11 7
7 5 6
20 11 17 34 34 36
31 44 34
767
MAR-APR 2001 GP S PS
10 7 9
26 18 24
28 29 29
18 32 20
18 13 17
8 6 7
25 22 21
29 29 36
27 38 28
11 6 8
8 3 7
21 12 18
31 29 34
32 53 32
9 3 8
JULY 2001 GP S PS
8 4 11
26 25 26
24 23 25
19 31 20
23 17 19
859
23 14 22
28 24 31 26 46 27 15 10 11
10 11 10
21 15 22 31 25 34 27 41 26
11 7 8
NOV-DEC 2001 GP S PS
9 9 7
25 14 26 28 27 31 19 33 19 19 16 17
8 4 6
26 14 28
28 30 29
26 40 28
12 13 9
8 7 6
22 13 19 32 23 37 30 48 31
9 9 7
JULY 2002
GP S PS
10 6 9
28 16 22 28 24 33 17 37 19
18 16 16
10 5 10
25 16 21 29 20 32 26 50 29
9 8 7
10 5 10
23 15 22 31 21 33
28 52 29
8 7 7
DEC 2002
GP S PS
10 10 8
26 13 24
28 27 33
19 39 20
18 11 15
9 9 8
26 12 25
29 22 31
26 50 29
10 7 7
11 9 8
23 16 22
33 27 35
25 43 28
8 6 7
JULY-AUG 2003 GP S PS
10 8 9
27 26 27 26 21 30
15 20 17
22 25 17
9 10 9
27 25 23 30 29 34 20 28 26
13 9 8
10 7 8
24 16 24
31 29 32
24 37 26
11 11 9
DEC 2003
GP S PS
11 9 13 33 27 31
27 27 27
13 28 15 16 10 14
9 4 8
29 22 30
32 30 32
21 38 24
9 7 7
10 6 9
27 19 26 33 28 34 23 40 25
7 7 6
NOV-DEC 2004
GP S PS
10 32 25 14 20
14 10 20 30 26 28 23 12 18 20
10 29 30 22 9
10 9 25 27 25 33 34 21
7 9
8 27 32 24 8
11 6 18 24 29 35 39 26
4 9
Q.16
Here if a Iist of health eJfects and diseases aJfecting non-smoeers that may or may not be causee! by breathing in second-band smolze [rom cigarettes that other people are smoking. Basee! on u/hat yOIi enou.
or believe, please tef/ me
If
yOIl strong!y agree, someu/hat agree, someurhat disagree or stmnf!,!)' disagree that. second-hand smoee can came each of the following .ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 2')
E.
Health Effects Caused by Hydrogen Cyanide
The survey finds thar the number of youth who say hydrogen cyanide does nor cause any healrh effecrs or diseases IS essentially unchanged From Oecember 2003, and is a total of 19 pointslower r han thar found in Oecember 2000.
When asked, rop-of-rnind, about eight 111 ten youth (78%) offer no specifie hcalrh effecrs or diseases thar can be eaused by hydrogen cyanide. Another five percent say hydrogen cyan ide do es not cause any health effects or diseases. Twenry-five percent
menrion specifie healrh effeccs or diseases. Youch smokers are slightly more likely than or hers ro mcnr ion specific healch effects or diseases in response tO this question
ENVIRONICS HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9
26
Health Effects Caused by Hydrogen Cyan ide
DEC 2000 MAR-APR 2001 JULY 2001 NOV-DEC 2001 JULY 2002 OEC 2002 1 JULY-AUG 2003 DEC 2003 NOV-OEC 2004
GP r ,0 PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS GP S PS Gf-' S PS GP S PS GP S PS
Cancer - general 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 4 3 4 6 4 1 2 5 4 4 4 7 3
Lung disease/cancer 2 2 2 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 4 5 4 7 9 6 3 1 2 6 8 7 3 6 2
Death 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 4 7 3 3 5 5 3 2 4 3 1 3
Headache 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 2 3 9 4
Dizziness 3 1 1 1 1 5 1 2 3 3 2 6
Respiratory problems/loss of breath 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 1
Heart disease/attack 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
Lung damage
1 2 1 2
Brain damage/memory loss/stroke 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2
Stomach aches 1 4 1 4
Vertigo 3 2 2 1 3 1
Weakness 2 2 2 2 3 2
Throat cancer 2 2 1 1 1
Mouth cancer/disease 1 2 2 2
Poisoning 1
Pregnancy/compl i cations 2
Nausea 2 3 2 3
Damage to cells/arteries/blood 2
Liver cancer/diseasé Damage to nervous system
Burning in body/organs 1
Other 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 5 3 5 3
None 24 27 25 30 30 30 12 14 12 17 20 17 5 2 4 6 9 5 8 9 8 4 5 4 5 5 5
dklna 66 64 64 59 56 58 76 70 72 69 59 70 70 62 68 75 56 77 73 70 69 71 64 70 78 67 77
* Less than Olle percent
Q.39
What specifie health eJfects or diseases,
if
any, can YOII name that can he caused hy hydmgen cyaniae? Are tbere an)' others?ENVIRONICS
HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH WARNING MESSAGES - WAVE 9 27
