• Aucun résultat trouvé

A method to build formal ontologies from texts

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "A method to build formal ontologies from texts"

Copied!
7
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

$&%('*)&+-,/.1023%(4(0&56'*7

8:9&;=<>@?*AB;=CED1F&>!GIH(?E;=ABJBKMLN?*F6O

P3H(Q6LN?*HCELN;R?*>1FTSUV9WXLN?*YZHCB;=[\]>^F&>!GIH(?E;=ABJ_KLN?*F`XPaUbGcK!deJ8Gcf:ghJ_ikjNlml

iI<onqp&nrn]sut=DvY^>*9Cxwmymlzx;RtRt=>vCEH(9o>*\oAE>`X{&?*H(9o|v>}d@O

~€N‚]IƒB„N…†ˆ‡ˆ}‰€Š‹ˆŒ&@Žƒb‰@‘o’vކ“€o(”o•v–IƒB—€

CE>@tX˜q™mm`Xlšd@›!ywZyl^mœlw

WXHo˜]™mm`Xlˆd@›!yž ŸNœ^lšj›(Ÿ

¡ ¢3£v¤(¥v¦§ˆ¤¨^©->ª&?*>vAE>*9CxH!YZ>vCB«oLˆF CELQ&\;Rt=FFLY^H(;R9LN9CEL(t=L¬(;=>vAxW­?*LYkCE>vˆCEAvO

®

«&;=|E« LN?E;=¬N;R9]HCE>¯A°;R9-?*>v|v>*9C!{&?*>@9]|±«

®

LN?E²A!LN9-²ˆ9]L

®

t=>vF¬>H|v[\&;=AB;=CB;=L9nc³«o>

Y^>vCB«]LˆF´«]HAQ6>v>@9µF&>*¶&9]>vFWXLN?H(9;R9oFˆ\]AECB?E;=HNtZHNªª&tR;=|vHCB;=LN9k|¯LN9]|v>@?E9;R9o¬·CB«o>

AB\ª6>@?*<;=AB;=LN9·L(WCE>@t=>¯|vLY¸9]>vC

®

L(?E²AvnUbC:\oAE>vA1CB«]>^¹ºˆ»o¼YZLˆF&>@tRtR;R9]¬½t=H(9o¬(\oH¬>O

®

«&;=|E«H(tRt=L

®

AW¾\&?*CB«]>@?:WXLN?*YZHNtR;=AEHCB;=L(9;R9CEL s:¿ÀLN?MÁPcn

 Ã&Ä:Å6Æ6Ç!È/É1Ê3Å6Ë*ÇxÄ

Ì,^Í6'*,(Î@,(Ïo7 Ð+½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔ+-,(7@Õ60oÑÎ*7¯Ð†'*7@Ó¾ÏTÔÖ_'@0+×7*,NØ]7@ÎЈÏ6ÑÙ2T56Ó­Ò¾ÑTÓ¾ÏTÔÚÐÚÖ_0'@+ ЈÒI'@,(ÍoÛ

'*,(Î@,(Ïo7¯Ð†7*Ó­0ÏÀÓ¾Ïo7@0ÙÑ6,(Î@4('*Ó­Í67@Ó¾0&ÏÜÒ­0Ô&Ó­4(Î0'4(0&Ï64(,(Í67@5ÐˆÒ!Ô&'¯Ð†Í6Õ6ÎÝ_Þ^ßàІÏ6ÑÜá!âãÓ­ÏÜä!ՐІ7

Ö_0Ò­Ò­0ˆä!ίåNæç!ÕTÓ¾Î!+½,(7*ÕT0]ѽ56Î*,NÎZ7@Õ6, èêé†ëìk+½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔÒXЈÏ6Ô&5ÐˆÔ&,ZЈÏTÑíÐ7@0o0ÒIÍ6'@,(Î*,(Ïo7@,(Ñ

Ó­Ïïî./ðòñ&ñNó*æcôE7ՐЈÎ23,(,(ÏkЈÍ6ÍTÒ¾Ó­,(Ñ0&Ïo7*0·Ð†ÏÜÓ­Ï6Ñ656Î@7*'@ÓVІÒMÍT'*02TÒ¾,N+·õI7@Õ6,-Î@56͐,N'*öoÓ­Î*Ó­0ÏÀ0ˆÖ

4(0+½Í6Ò­,(Ø7*,NÒ¾,N4(0+×Ï6,N7EäM0&'*÷oÎ(øæTôEÏÙ7*Õ6Ó­Î^ЈÍ6Í6Ò­Ó­4І7*Ó­0Ïcõo7@Õ6,Ñ60+ЈӭÏ÷oÏ60ˆä!Ò­,(Ñ6Ô,ՐÐö,7@0

2,^Ñ6Ó­Î@4(0ˆö,('@,(ÑÖ_'@0+ù7@,(Øo7*Îæ

ç!Õ6,('@,vÖ_0'@,õIÐ4(0'@Í656Î/ՐЈÎ!23,(,(Ïú2656Ó­Ò­Ñ Ð†Ï6ÑÙÒ­Ó­Ï6Ô56Ó­Î@7*Ó­4ЈҭҭûЈϐІҾûoÎ@,(Ñ56Î*Ó­Ï6Ô7@Õ6,Í6'@Ó¾ÏT4(ÓüÛ

Í6Ò­,(ÎÍ6'*0&͐0&Î*,(Ñ2oû7@Õ6,!ý6'@,(Ï64vÕç!ôEþZÿÔ&'*05TÍcæç,N'*+-Îuä!Ó­7*Õ7*Õ6,(Ó­':ÑT,(Î*4('@Ó­Í67*Ó­0ÏÓ­Ï Ï3Ј7*5T'¯ÐˆÒ

ÒXЈÏ6Ô&5ÐˆÔ&,!ՐÐö,^23,(,(ÏÙ,(Øo7@'¯Ðˆ4N7*,(Ñcæ3ç!Õ6,^+½,(7*Õ60oѽÔ56Ó­Ñ6,(Î!7@Õ6,Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7@Ó34Ј7@Ó¾0&Ï-0†Ö7*ÕT,Z4N0ÏoÛ

4(,(Í67@5ÐˆÒTÍ6'*Ó­+-Ó­7@Ó¾ö&,(Îc0†Ö7*ÕT,!Ñ60+ЈӭÏ/Ö_'*0&+ê7*Õ6,!Î@,(7:0ˆÖI7*,N'*+-Î'@,(Î*56Ò­7@Ó¾ÏTÔ1ÖB'*0+ 7*Õ6,!Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô&56Ó­ÎEÛ

7*Ó­4ЈϐІҭû]Î@Ó­ÎõoЈÎ!ä,(Ò­ÒЈÎ!7@Õ6,(Ó­'!+-0oÑ6,NÒ¾Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô^56Ï6ÑT,('Zèêé†ëì!Î@4¯ÕT,(+ І7¯Ð6æ&þ1Ò­ÒI7@Õ6,Î*4vÕ6,N+ Ј7vÐ

Ö_0'@+ нÑ60&+ ЈӭÏÙ0&Ïo7*0Ò­0&Ôû7*ՐІ74ІÏ2,Ö_0&'*+ЈҭӭÎ*,(ÑÙÓ­ÏÜá!âãЈÎä,(Ò­ÒMІÎӭϵÞ^ßï56Î@Ó­Ï6Ô

Î*0&+-,^7*'vЈÏ6Î@ÒVІ7*Ó­0Ï´'*56Ò­,(ÎæIç!Õ6,7*0o0ÒÎ*5TÍ6͐0&'*7@Ó¾ÏTÔíèêé†ëì/0I,('*ÎÐ Ô'¯Ð†Í6Õ6Ó­4ІÒ+½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔ

2oû Î@564(4(,NÎ*Î*Ó­ö&, '@,Ï6,N+-,(Ïo7/Ö_'*0&+ 7@Õ6, 7@,(Øo7Î*7@56Ñ6ûú7*07*ÕT,Ö_0&'*+ЈҭӭίЈ7@Ó­0Ïcõo÷&,(,(Í6Ó­Ï6Ô7*ÕT,

Ò­Ó¾ÏT÷ 7@07*Õ6,7@,(Øo7*Îæ

ç!Õ6,Ö_0&Ò­Ò¾0ˆä!Ó­Ï6ÔÎ@,(4(7*Ó­0&Ï ,(ØoÍ6ÒXІӾÏTÎI7*Õ6,:+½,(7*ÕT0]Ñuõv0ϠІÏZ,NØqІ+-Í6Ò­,u7¯Ðˆ÷&,(Ï^Ö_'@0+"7*Õ6,x7*,(Ò­,(4(0&+

ЈÍ6ÍTÒ¾Ó­4І7*Ó­0Ïuæo0&+-,½Ô,(Ï6,N'¯ÐˆÒ/7*'vЈÏ6Î@ÒVІ7*Ó­0ÏÀ'*56Ò­,(ÎЈ'@, ,NØ]ÍTÒ¾Ó­4(Ó­7@,(Ñï7*Õ6,('@,æç!Õ6,ÙÍ6ÒXІ4(,0ˆÖ

èêé ëTì Ó­ÎuÑ6Ó­Î*4(56Î@Î*,(ÑÓ­ÏÎ@,(4(7@Ó¾0&Ï!'@,(ÒXЈ7*Ó­ö&,(Ò­û17*0^4(Ò­0&Î*,äM0&'*÷oÎcÓ­Ï÷oÏ60ˆä!Ò­,(Ñ6Ô&,M,NÏ6ÔÓ­Ï6,(,N'*Ó­Ï6Ԑæ

¿x?*HN9CE>vFQsKgc³sKfMh/|vL¬N9;=AE|@;=>@9]|v>vAvOs>@9CB?*>MKHCB;=L(9oH(tIF6ScCB\]F&>vAF&>vA:³:D@t=Dv|¯LY^Y!\&J

9&;=|¯HCB;=LN9]A

³«o>_³I>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=>!>vCUV9CE>@tRtR;=¬>@9]|v>/i:?*CB;R¶o|*;=>@tRt=>1¬N?*L(\&ª;=AH

®

LN?E²ˆ;R9]¬/¬(?*LN\ªL(WCB«o>:i{cUXi/O

(2)

eÅ/Ç!È

"! #%$&('*)+,&.-/ 01'*032547682597:;0<4

o56Í3,('*öoÓ­Î*Ó­0&Ï4(0ÏTÎ*Ó­Î*7@Î:Ó­Ï+ І÷]Ó­Ï6Ô1Ð '*,ІÒüÛ7@Ó¾+½,Ñ6ÓXЈÔÏT0Î*Ó­Îu0ˆÖI7*Õ6,Ó­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7*Î7@ՐЈ7ՐІÍ6͐,NÏ

Ó­Ï Ðú4N0+-ÍTÒ¾,NØÜ7*,NÒ¾,N4(0+Ï6,N7EäM0&'*÷Iæ:ç!Õ6,´Ñ6ÓXЈÔÏT0Î*Ó­ÎÓ­Î-23ЈÎ*,NÑk0Ïï7*ÕT,·0&26Î*,('@öЈ7@Ó¾0&Ïï0ˆÖ

7*Õ6,Î*7vЈ7@, 0†ÖM7*Õ6,Ï6,(7Eä0'@÷Ùä!Õ6Ó­4vÕÙÓ­Î^4(0+½Í0&Î*,(ÑÙ0†ÖM,>=o56Ó­Í6+½,(Ïo7*Î14N0Ï6Ï6,N4(7*,(Ñ7@0Ô&,(7*Õ6,N'õ

+ ІӾÏTÒ¾û´2,І+-Î-ІÏ6ÑïÎ*ä!Ó­7*4vÕ6,(ÎæÌkÕ6,(ÏïÎ*0&+-,Ó­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7ՐІÍ6Í3,(Ï6ÎõÎ@,(ö,('vЈÒ^Ó­Ï6Ñ6Ó­4І7*0'@Î

Ј'@,Ù͐0&Î*Ó­7*Ó­0&Ï6,(ÑêÝXÒ­Ó­ÔÕo7*Îõ:+½,(Î*ÎvЈÔ,NÎõ:4N56'*ö&,(Îæ­æ­æRå(æç!Õ6,(Î@,·Ó­Ï6Ñ6Ó­4І7*0&'*ÎÔÓ­ö&, Ó­ÏoÖB0'*+Ј7@Ó¾0&Ï

0ÏÀÏ6,(7Eä0'*÷ ?Î4(0+½Í0&ϐЈÏo7*ÎЈÏTÑÜ7*'vÐA@-4æç!ÕT,(ÏcõMІÏÜ0&͐,('vЈ7@0'Í6'@0ˆö]Ó­Ñ6,NÎ-ÐÙÑ6ÓXІÔÏ60&Î*Ó­Î

4(0ÏT4(,('*ÏTÓ¾ÏTÔ7*Õ6,/7Eû]Í3,^0ˆÖ7*Õ6,^Ó­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7æoÌkÓ­7*Õ7*ÕTÓ¾Î!ÑTÓVІÔÏ60&Î*Ó­Îõ&Õ6,CB†Î*Õ6,^Î@Õ6056ҭѽ͐,('±Ö_0'@+

Î*0&+-,-Ј4N7*Ó­0Ï7@0·Ó­Ï6Õ6Ó­26Ó­77@Õ6,4(0ÏTÎ*,>=o56,(ÏT4(,(Î-0†ÖZ7@Õ6ӭΠӭÏ64(Ó­Ñ6,NÏ]70ÏÀ7*Õ6,½Ï6,(7Eä0'@÷aæ,D/56'

E

024N0Ï64(,N'*Ï6,(Ñ265TÓ¾Ò­Ñ6Ó­Ï6ÔІÏ-0Ïo7@0Ò­0Ô&û7*0 Ð†Ò­Ò¾0ˆäïÐÑT,(Î*4('@Ó­Í67*Ó­0Ͻ0ˆÖc,(ö&,('*ûÓ­Ï64NÓ¾ÑT,(Ïo7:Ö_'@0+

7*Õ6,ЈÒXЈ'@+-ÎMІÍ6͐,Ј'*Ó­Ï6ÔÓ­Ï7*ÕT,Î*56Í3,('@ö]Ó­Î@Ó¾0&ÏÙ'*0o0&+·æ.FZÐöoÓ­Ï6ÔÏ60-Ј4N4(,(Î*Î^7@0-7*ÕT,Î*Ó­7*,&õ6ä,

ՐЈÑú7*0265TÓ¾Ò­Ñú7*Õ6,0&Ïo7*0Ò­0&ÔûÖB'*0+ 7*Õ6,öІ'*Ó­05TÎZÑT0]4N56+-,(Ïo7@ΰÐöІӭÒVІ26Ò­,æ6./,(ö,N'*7*ÕT,(Ò­,(Î*Îõ

ЈϽ,(Øo͐,('@714(0&56Ò­ÑöЈҭӭѐЈ7@,105T'!'*,(Î@56Ò­7*Îæ

G H286I&.J3J<034KL+$:M'>&

ýuÓ¾'@Î*7õcÐ4(0&'*Í65TÎՐЈÎ7*02,Ñ6,3Ï6,(ÑÜ'@,(ÒXЈ7@Ó¾ö&,(Ò­û7*07*Õ6,0&2

E

,(4(7@Ó­ö,æIþ¸4ІÏ6Ñ6ӭѐІ7*,vÛE7*,('@+

,(Øo7*'vЈ4(7@0'^îRðM0&5MNONóІҭҾ0ˆä!Îx7*Õ6,^Ј567@0+ І7*Ó­4!,(Øo7*'vЈ4(7@Ó­0Ï Ð†Ï6ÑÖB56'*7@Õ6,('!,(ØoÍ3,('*7/öЈҭӭѐЈ7@Ó¾0&Ï

0ˆÖc7@Õ6,1+ЈӭϠ7@,('*+½Î:0ˆÖ7*Õ6,/Ñ60+ЈӭÏcæç!Õ6Ó­ÎÔÓ­ö,(ÎÐÒ­Ó­Î*7:0†Öc4(0ÏT4(,(Í67@5ÐˆÒuÍ6'*Ó­+-Ó­7@Ó¾ö&,(Î!Ý_áQPÎ

Ó­ÏÙä!ՐЈ7 Ö_0Ò­Ò­0ˆä!ίåNæ6Þ/56'*Ó­Ï6Ô½7*Õ6,+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó­Ï6ÔÍ6ՐЈÎ@,õI7@Õ6, Ï3Ј+-,^Ô&Ó¾ö&,(ÏÙ7@0 7@Õ6,Í6'*Ó­+-Ó­7@Ó¾ö&,

Î*Õ60&56Ò­Ñï÷,(,(Í 7*Õ6,ÙÒ­Ó­Ï6÷ä!Ó­7*Õï7@Õ6,·ÐˆÎ@Î*0o4(ÓXЈ7@,Ù7*,N'*+·æ:ýT'*0&+7@Õ6Ó­ÎR'*Î@7ÙЈÏ6Ñï0ˆÖB7*,(Ïïö,N'*û

Ò­0Ï6ÔúÒ­Ó¾Î@7õ7@Õ6,Ù÷oÏ60ˆä!Ò­,(Ñ6Ô&, ,NÏ6ÔÓ­Ï6,(,N'-Ò­0o0÷oÎÖB0'Í6'@Ó¾+½Ó­7*Ó­ö,(Î7*Õ3Ј7Ñ6,(Î@4('*Ó­23,·7@Õ6,Ù+ЈӭÏ

Î*562qÛÑ60&+ ІӾÏTÎ:0ˆÖ:7*ÕT,Z0&Ïo7*0Ò­0&Ôûoæç!Õ6,NÎ*,Í6'@Ó­+-Ó­7*Ó­ö,NÎMÎ@7*'*5T4(7*56'@, 7@Õ6,0&Ï]7@0Ò­0Ô&û]æ&ç!Õ6,(ûЈ'@,

+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­,(ѷІÎ4(0&Ï64(,(Í67@Î-ЈÏ6Ñ7@Õ6,(ûúÖ_0&'*+ Ó¾ÏTÓ¾7@ÓXЈÒ:Ò­Ó­Î*7^0ˆÖ1+½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔ áQPÎ-ÝBß8SÙáQPxå(æuôEÏ

7*Õ6,ІÍ6Í6Ò­Ó­4Ј7@Ó¾0&Ïcõ&Ó¾7Ó­Î!7*Õ6,4ЈÎ@,Z0†ÖTЈÒXІ'*+(T&õ.T(Ó­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7ATÝGÔ&56'*,VUåNæ

W:Ј4vÕÙÍT'*Ó­+-Ó­7*Ó­ö&,Z0†Öòß8S´áQPkÓ­Î1ÑT,(Î*4('@Ó­2,(ÑÀÓ­ÏÙϐЈ7@56'¯Ð†ÒÒVІÏ6Ô53ЈÔ,&æ6ç!Õ6,(Ó­'^Ñ6,(Î@4('*Ó­Í67@Ó­0ÏÓ­Î

4(0ÏTÎ*Ó­Ñ6,('@,(Ñ Ð†ÎÚÐÏT,(äùÑ60o4(56+½,(Ïo7õeÖ_'*0&+ ä!Õ6Ó­4¯ÕÜдÏ6,(ä Ò¾Ó­Î@70ˆÖZáQPÎÓ­Î4('@,Ј7@,(Ñcæ:ç!ÕT,

÷oÏ60ˆä!Ò­,(Ñ6Ô,/,(Ï6Ô&Ó¾ÏT,(,('1Ò­0o0÷oÎxÖ_0'!ӭϽ7*Õ6Ó­Î!Ò­Ó­Î*7CX

›n1sGcAxCB«]HC:>vª?*>vAEAMH/?*>@t=HCB;=L(9½Qq>vC

®

>¯>@9«;=¬N«JXt=>v<>@t|vL(9o|v>*ªoCEAvO

Ÿ†nª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>¯A/H(tR?*>vHFª?*>vAE>@9C:;R9CB«]> ;R9;=CB;=HNtctR;=AECvO

m&n9]>

®

ª&?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA!LN9tª?*>vAE>@9C;R9-CB«&;=A:tR;=AECvn

ôEÏÙ05T'ZЈÍTÍ6Ò­Ó¾4Ј7*Ó­0&Ïcõ67@Õ6,Y3'*Î*7^4ІÎ*,Ò­,ЈÑ6Î^7@0-Ñ6,3Ï6, 23ЈÎ*Ó­4Í6'*0&͐,N'*7*Ó­,(Î2,(7Eä,(,(ÏúÕ6Ó­ÔÕqÛ

Ò­,(ö,(Òu4(0ÏT4(,(Í67@ÎõuÒ¾Ó­÷&,ZTN7*0&ðM,Þ/Ó­Î*4NÒ¾0&Î*,(ÑTðMû T0'RT(7*0&ðM,Nþ1230567AT Ý[Ô5T'*,LUå(æIá!ІÎ*,(ÎY\-ІÏ6Ñ

Ô&Ó¾ö&,Ï6,(ä¸Õ6Ó­Ô&ÕoÛÒ­,(ö&,(Òc4N0Ï64(,NÍ67*ÎÒ­Ó¾÷&,T(4Ј56Î@,TÝGÔ&56'*,\&åZІÏ6ÑÙÎ@0íІҭҾ0ˆäê7@0-265TÓ¾Ò­ÑÙ5TÍ

7*Õ6,ßISÙáQPæ

ç!Õ6,1+½,(7*ÕT0]ÑÓ­ÎM7@Õ6,('@,vÖ_0'@,^2ÐˆÎ@,(Ñ-0&Ï-Ð^Í6'*0o4(,NÎ*Î10†ÖcÎ*564N4(,(Î*Î@Ó­ö,'@,Ï6,(+½,(Ïo7*Î0ˆÖc7@Õ6,ZáQPÎ

Ó­Ï6Ó­7*ÓXЈҭҭûÎ*,NÒ¾,N4(7*,(ÑuæIþ!7!,Ј4vÕÙÓ­7@,('¯Ð†7*Ó­0ÏcõoÏT,(äêÎ*4vÕ6,(+Ј7vРІ'*,4('@,Ј7@,(ѷІÏ6Ñ7*Õ6,ÍT'*,(öoÓ­056Î

Ј'@,!56͐Ñ3Ј7*,NÑ8]ˆ,(Î@͐,(4NÓVІҭҾûoõˆ7@Õ6,1Î@7¯Ðˆ7@,1ЈÏ6ÑÏ3Ј7*5T'*,!0ˆÖcÐ/4(0ÏT4(,(Í67+ Ðû^4vՐЈÏTÔ,æ&ç!Õ6,!Î*7vЈ7@,

Ó­Ï6Ñ6Ó­4Ј7@,(Î:7@Õ6,1Í6'@0Ô&'*,(Î@Î!0ˆÖI7*Õ6,/Í6'*Ó­+-Ó­7@Ó¾ö&,:+-0oÑ6,NÒ¾Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô3æç!ÕT,!ϐЈ7@56'*,/Î*Í3,(4(Ó^,(Î/7*Õ6,/0'*Ó­Ô&Ó¾Ï

ЈÏ6Ñ´7*Õ6,'@0Ò­, 7@ՐЈ7^7@Õ6,Í6'*Ó­+½Ó¾7@Ó­ö,1ÍTÒVÐûoÎ^Ó­ÏÙ7*ÕT,+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó­Ï6Ԑæoç!Õ6,N'*,-Ј'@,7EäM0½÷oÓ¾ÏTÑ6Î^0ˆÖ

(3)

_,`[a¨b&¨6³«]>«&;=¬(«&JXt=>v<>@tL(WIL(9CELNt=L¬C _,`Ga3¨dcT¨6i:F&Fˆ;R9o¬^9]>

®

|vLN9]|v>@ª]CEA

0ˆÖM7@Õ6,-4N0Ï64(,NÍ67Ó­Ï7*Õ6,+½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTԐæoç!Õ6,Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô5TÓ¾Î@7*Ó­4ϐЈ7@56'*,Î@͐,(4NÓ3,(Π7@Õ6,Ò­Ó­Ï6÷Ù0ˆÖ!7*ÕT,

Í6'*Ó­+½Ó¾7@Ó­ö,ä!Ó¾7@Õ7*Õ6,^4(0&'*Í656Îæ

þ1Ï,NØ]Í3,('@7:+56Î*7cІÎÎ*0o0ϠІÎ͐0&Î*Î*Ó­26Ò­,öЈҭӭѐЈ7@,7*Õ6,Î*4vÕ6,(+Ð!0†Ö7*Õ6,Õ6Ó­ÔÕqÛÒ­,(ö&,(Ò0&Ï]7@0Ò­0Ô&û

7*0Î@7¯Ð†26Ó­Ò¾ÓGe(,7*ÕT,1Ñ6Ó^I,('*,(Ïo7Î*562qÛ0&Ï]7@0Ò­0Ô&Ó­,(ÎæD/Ï64N,°Ð°Î*7¯Ð†26Ò­,!Î*7vЈ7*,/Ó­Î:'*,І4vÕ6,(Ñcõo7@Õ6,10&7*Õ6,('

Í6'*Ó­+½Ó¾7@Ó­ö,(Î:0†Ö7@Õ6,^Ó¾ÏTÓ¾7@ÓXЈÒ3Ò¾Ó­Î@71Ј'*,^Ô&'¯ÐˆÑT5ÐˆÒ­Ò­û +½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­,(Ñ Ð†Ï6Ñ Ð†Ñ6Ñ6,(ÑÙ7@0 7@Õ6, ßISÙáQPæ

ßI,(7^56Î^Î@56Í6Í30Î*,½7*ՐІ7^7*Õ6,áQPÎ0&Ï·,>=o56Ó­Í6+½,(Ïo7õTÓ¾ÏT4(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7*ΠІÏ6ÑЈ4(7@Ó¾0&Ï6ÎõIІ'*,-Јҭ'@,ЈÑ6û

+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­,(ÑcæÌ,!ЈÍ6ÍTÒ¾û7*ÕTÓ¾ÎxÍ6'*0o4(,(Î@Î!7*07@Õ6,17@,('*+fTNÑ656Í6Ò­,(ØÎ*7@0ÍÓ­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7AT!ä!Õ6Ó­4vÕ0]4N4(56'

Ó­Ï-Ïo56+-,N'*05TÎM7@,(4vÕ6Ï6Ó­4ЈÒÑ60o4(5T+-,(Ïo7*ÎæoþêÍ6'*Ó­+7@Ó¾ö&,!4Јҭҭ,(ÑVg@Ñ656Í6Ò­,(Ø;o7@0Í.h(õoÓ­Î1ЈÎ*Î@0o4(ÓXЈ7*,NÑ

7*07@Õ6Ó­Î:7*,N'*+·æ†ôE7*ÎÑ6,(Î*4N'*Ó­Í67*Ó­0&Ï-Ó­Î:7*ÕT,!Ö_0&Ò¾Ò­0ˆä!Ó­Ï6Ô5X i3jlkmn;opqQrsutnwvGxzy*v{kp*xzs|vr}kvryotAr~pk*€

tx.p r~vG‚n;opƒq„r~sutn†…Ao…‡Qˆ.txzpt‡ ‰t‡3p,tŠ*p>‡‹ot>…kvGxŒ…Ao…‡ƒr8…x.k,…s.opƒ…ArssŽ.‡<pƒpx.moGoCp"(y>vGp>x.y>€

…Ao…‡ƒr~,‘.Ž.p%…Ao…‡ƒQrt‹’‰su€“nzpQrv{‚n;opƒq%rsutn”…‡<p%…Ao…‡ƒ•p>Š>p*xzs[rtxVr– v{s"yƒŽ.pr~‘.Ž.p%…Ao…‡ƒQrt‹’

su€“nzp,tŠ>p>‡“ot>…kvGxŒ…x.k‰sŽ.p…Ao…‡Qr,t‹’}su€‹n.px.moGopuy>vGp>x.y>€—nM‡3tŠ*v{kp„v{x’t‡ƒ‰…suvGtx%txYsŽ.p„r~su…sup

t‹’QsŽ.pQƒp…Qr˜i*æoç!Õ6Ó­ÎMÑ6,NÎ*4('@Ó¾ÍT7*Ó­0ÏÙÓ­Ï64NÒ¾5TÑ6,(Î!+ ІÏoûÚáQPÎ^Ј'@,ZÏT07!û,N71+-0oÑ6,NÒ¾Ò­,(Ñuõ]І+-0ÏTÔ

ä!Õ6Ó­4vՔTNÑ656Í6Ò­,(Ø;o7@0Í8T/ÝXÓ­Ï64(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7:0†Ö7Eûo͐,!ÑT56Í6Ò­,(ØÎ@7*0Í3å(õ;TNÎ*Ó­+-Í6Ò­,(Ø;o7@0Í8T!ÝbÎ*Ó­+-ÍTÒ¾,NØZÎ@7*0&Í

ЈÒXЈ'@+ åNõTN0ˆö,('@Ò¾0oЈÑ6Ó­Ï6Ô5TÝ_ІÒVІ'*+ 0ˆÖ 7EûoÍ3,Ù0ˆö,N'*Ò­0]ІÑ6Ó­Ï6Ô0ˆÖ 23,І+-ίåNõTNÏ]5TÒ¾ÒuWI@-4NÓ¾,NÏ64(û T

Ý_ІÒVІ'*+ù0†Ö7EûoÍ3,Ïo56Ò­ÒI,@-4(Ó­,(Ï64(û6åNæç!ÕT,7¯Ð†26Ò­,ZU^ÍT'*,(Î@,(Ïo7*Î^7*Õ6,ß8SÙáQPÀ23,vÖ_0'@,Ó­Ï6Î*,N'*7*Ó­Ï6Ô

7*Õ6,NÎ*,Ï6,NäêÍ6'*Ó­+-Ó­7@Ó¾ö&,(Îæ˜W:Ј4vÕÙÍ6'@Ó­+-Ó­7*Ó­ö,!Ó­Î!Ñ6,NÎ*4('@Ó¾23,Ј4(4(0&'*Ñ6Ó­Ï6Ô7@0Ó­7*Î!+-0oÑ6,NÒ¾Ò­Ó­Ï6ÔЈÎ^Ð

4(0ÏT4(,(Í67/0'!ЈÎ1ÐÍ6'@0Í3,('*7EûoõoÓ­7*Î!Ò­,(ö,NÒI0ˆÖ:4(0ÏT4(,(Í67@Î10'!Ó­7@Î!7Eû]Í3,^0ˆÖÍ6'*0&͐,('@7*Ó­,(ÎÝXð!ЈÎ*Ó­4^0'

oÍ3,(4(ÓXЈҭӭÎ*,(Ñ3å(æ

_„`Ga3¨~™T¨8AE>MLNWc|vH(t=|@\t=HCE>vFª&?*L(ª6>@?*C3 _,`Ga3¨š¨6guˆHY/ª&t=>1LNWc¬(?*LN\ª&;R9]¬|¯LN9]|v>@ª]C

þ1+½0Ï6Ô7@Õ6, ÏT,(ä áQPÎõIÎ*0&+-,ÍT'*Ó­+-Ó­7*Ó­ö&,(Î!Î*Í3,(4(ÓXЈҭӭÎ*,-Іҭ'*,ІÑ6û,(ØoÓ¾Î@7*Ó­Ï6Ô4(0&Ï64(,(Í67@Îæý60&'

,(Ø6Ј+½Í6Ò­,›TNÑ656Í6Ò­,(Ø;o7@0Í8TúÓ­Î÷oÓ¾ÏTÑà0†ÖœTNÓ¾ÏT4(Ó­Ñ6,(Ïo7CTïÝG3Ô56'@,›&å(æ!ç!Õ6,NÎ*,ÜÍT'*Ó­+-Ó­7*Ó­ö&,(Î-Ј'@,

+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­,(ÑÜІÎÎ*Í3,(4(ÓXЈҭӭÎ*Ó­Ï6Ôú4(0ÏT4(,(Í67@Îæç!Õ6,(Ó­'Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô56Ó­Î@7*Ó­4-ϐІ7*56'@,Ó¾Î7@,('*+½Ó­Ï60Ò­0Ô&Ó­4ЈÒ0'

Í6'*,}Û7@,('*+½Ó¾ÏT0Ò­0Ô&Ó¾4ЈÒÑT,(͐,NÏ6Ñ6Ó­Ï6Ô0Ï7*Õ6, ÖЈ4(7x7*ՐІ7:7*Õ6,/Í6'*Ó­+½Ó¾7@Ó­ö,(Îu4(0'@'*,(Î@͐0&Ï6Ñ-+½0'*,0'

(4)

u¦o¢ žGŸ”b&¨6guˆHY/ªt=>^LNWc|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCB\]HNtIª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA

sLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNt3ª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA`_sL(9o|v>*ªoC*d P>v<>*t sLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNtIª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA^`_sL(9o|v>*ªoC*d P>v<>*t

H(t=HN?*Y › AB;=Y/ªt=>vhˆCELNª m

Q6>¯HY m A ®

;=CE|E«oi:t=HN?*Y Ÿ

|vH(\oAE> › AB\ª6>@?*<;=AE>¯F&gc[\&;Rª>vYZ>@9C Ÿ

> |@;=>*9o|ˆi:t=HN?*Y m A®

;=CE|±« m

;R9]|@;=F&>*9C ›

sLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNt3ª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA`XGI?*LNªq>@?*C<d ³ª6> sLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNtIª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA^`XGI?*LNªq>@?*C<d ³ª6>

CELr>vÁ:;=AE|@t=LAE>¯F&r r CELr>vixQqLN\]CEr>vHY h

CELr>vi:Q6LN\]C r CELr>vi:Q6LN\]C*h

®

;=CE|E« h

Í6'*0&͐,N'*7*Ó­,(ÎæIôEÏú056'/,(Ø6Ј+-ÍTÒ¾,&õ8T(ÑT56Í6Ò­,(Ø;o7*0&Í8TÓ­Î^Ñ6Ó­Î*4NÒ¾0&Î*,(Ñú2oû7*Õ6'@,(,7Eûo͐,(Î^0†ÖòЈÒXЈ'@+-Î

ä!Õ6Ó­4vÕ Ðˆ'@,+-0oÑ6,NÒ¾Ò­,(ÑÙÝ[Ô5T'*,Yå2oû-7@Õ6'*,N,Î*Í3,(4(ÓXЈҭӭίІ7*Ó­0ÏTÎ!0ˆÖ¡TN7*0&ðM,Þ/Ó­Î*4NÒ¾0&Î*,(ÑTðMû Tæ

ôBÖaÎ@0+½,MÍ6'@0Í3,('*7@Ó­,(Î1Ј'@,1Î*Õ3Ј'*,NÑ-2oû+-0&'*,!7@ՐЈÏ0&Ï6,!4(0ÏT4(,(Í67õo7*Õ6,/÷]ÏT0ˆä!Ò¾,NÑ6Ô,,(Ï6Ô&Ó¾ÏT,(,('

+ ÐûЈÑ6ÑÐÔ&'*05TÍ6Ó­Ï6Ô4(0Ï64N,(Í67õuÒ­Ó­÷,TN2,І+-þ/ÒVІ'*+T Ý[Ô56'@,V¢]å ä!Õ6Ó­Ò¾,Ó­7*Î^ÒXЈ23,(Ò:Ñ60o,(Î

ЈÍ6Í3,І' Ï6,NÓ¾7@Õ6,('-ІÎ-ÐÙ7@,('*+úõcÏ60&'-ЈÎÐÙ4N0+-ÍTÒ¾,NØ·,(ØoÍ6'@,(Î*Î@Ó­0ÏïÓ­ÏÜ7*ÕT, ÑT0]4N56+-,(Ïo7@ÎæôE7*Î

Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔ56Ó­Î*7@Ó­4!ϐЈ7@56'*,Ó­Î!Ï60&7M7@,('*+½Ó­Ï60Ò­0Ô&Ó­4ЈÒEæ

ç!Õ6,‰ÏÐ†ÒI+-0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó­Ï6Ô^ÔÓ­ö,(ÎAX

›n!CB«]>!CB«&?*>¯>ª&?*L(ª6>@?*CB;=>vA%£¯CELr>vÁ:;=AE|@t=LAE>¯F&r;£^«]HN<>!H^CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(t9]HCB\?*>O

Ÿ†n!CB«]>!|vLN9]|v>@ª]C‰£¯F†\ªt=>vh†CEL(ª5£^«]HA:H^CE>*?*Y/;R9oL(t=L¬(;=|vHtu9]HCB\?*>O

m&n!CB«]>:|vLN9]|v>@ª]CEA}£vL(<>@?Et=LHF†;R9]¬˜£O5£@9ˆ\tRt=g  |@;=>@9]|>ˆixt=HN?*Yw£/H(9oFV£¯AB;=Y/ª&t=>¯ˆixt=HN?*Yw£«oH(<>xH9]HNJ

CB\?*>^`XAECB?E\o|¯CB\&?*H(tXO6CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬(;=|vHNtVd@n

G¤ ¥V&.+-&;'>&.4I¦C:;¦A0u2547+$:5'>&

ç!Õ6,'@,(Í6'*,NÎ*,(Ïo7¯Ð†7*Ó­0ÏÓ­Î^7*ÕT, 7@'¯ÐˆÏTÎ*ÒXЈ7@Ó¾0&Ï0ˆÖM7@Õ6, +½0oÑ6,(Ò­Ò­Ó¾ÏTÔ Î@4¯ÕT,(+ І7¯ÐÓ­Ïo7*0-ІϷ0&2

E

,(4(7

Ö_0'@+ ІҾӭÎ@+ Ò­Ó­÷, á!â 0&'Ò¾Ó­÷&, Þ^ß:æôEÏk7@Õ6Ó­ÎÎ*,(4N7*Ó­0ÏcõxäM,Í6'@,(Î*,NÏ]70&Ï6Ò­û дӾÑT,Ðú0ˆÖ7*ÕT,

Ñ6Ó^@-4(56Ò­7*Ó­,(Î+-,N,(7Mä!Ó­7@Õ 7@Õ6Ó­Î!7*'vЈÏ6Î@ÒVІ7*Ó­0Ïuæ

ç!Õ6,^7*'vЈÏ6Î@ÒVІ7*Ó­0ϽÏ6,(,(ÑTÎ17*0-ІÏ6Î*ä,('ÝBЈ7!Ò­,ЈÎ@7¯åòÖ_056'}=o56,(Î@7*Ó­0Ï6ÎRX

ÌkՐІ7MÓ­Î1Ð4(0Ï64N,(Í671Ó­Ï7*ÕT,1ÖB0'*+ЈҭӭÎ*+¨§

³«]>^CB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=L(9ÙLNWH ¹ ºˆ»o¼M|vLN9]|v>@ª]C!Y!\oAEC:Q6>^|@t=>vH(?Et½F>@¶9o>¯F ;R9CEL CB«o>/WVLN?*Y^H(tR;=AEYnIUXCx;=A

9]LCL(Q<;=LN\]AHCxH(tRtICB«]HCHZF†;R?*>v|¯CxCB?*H(9oABt=HCB;=LN9

®

LN\t=FQq>ª6LAEAB;RQt=>^>v<>@9;RWaH/ª&?E;=Y1;=CB;=<>1|vHNtRt=>vF

yƒtx.yƒp1nMs

;=AF>@¶9o>¯F;R9-CB«o>WXL(?*Y^HNtR;=AEY n6³ «;=A|¯LN9]|v>@?E9]Ax;R9ª]HN?*CB;=|@\t=HN?1CB«]>!³ILNªqsLN9]|v>@ª]Cvn

ÌkՐІ7MÓ­Î1Ð2ÐˆÎ@Ó¾4^Í6'@0Í3,('*7Eû©§

³«o>CB?*H(9oABt=HCB;=LN9 LNW]QoHAB;=| ª?*LNªq>@?*CB;=>vAcY \]AECIHNt=AEL?*>v|¯>@;=<>:Hxª?*LNªq>@?Et/F>@¶9o>¯F°?*>*ª&?*>vAE>*9CEHCB;=LN9n

UXCx;=A9]>v|v>vAEAEH(?ƒ½CEL ABª6>v|@;RWu

®

«o>¯CB«o>@?1CB«]>@;R?ZCB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=L(9ú|¯HN9 Y^LˆF†;RW[½CB«]>^F>vAE|@?E;Rª]CB;=LN9L(WCB«]>

|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCEA:CB«]HC:\oAE>;=Cvn

F10ˆäk'@,(Í6'@,(Î*,(Ïo7^7*ÕT,Î*Í3,(4(ÓXЈҭӭίІ7*Ó­0ÏL§

³«]>:ABª6>v|@;=H(tR;=AEHCB;¾LN9-LNW6ª?*LNª6>*?*CB;=>vAY!\oAECcCB«o>*9Qq>xF>@¶9o>¯F°;R9 CB«]>WXLN?*Y^H(tR;=AEYni¬HN;R9O†;=CcY!\oAEC

Q6>!|*t=>vHN? «]>vCB«]>@?MCB«o>~YZH*>@9CEH(;RtcY^LˆFˆ;R¶o|vHCB;=LN9]A/L(Wc|vLN9]|v>@ª]C:LN?:ª?*LNª6>@?*C3F>vAE|@?E;Rª]CB;=LN9]Avn

(5)

F10ˆäk7@'¯Ð†Ï6Î*ÒXЈ7@,^4Јҭ4(56Ò­,(ÑÍ6'@0Í3,('*7Eû©§

{3;R9oH(tRtOo|¯HAE>Q!|vHAE>Oˆ>vH|E«Z|vHNt=|@\t=HCE>¯Fª?*LNª6>@?*C3^AB«]LN\t=F°Qq>u?*>@ª?*>vAE>@9CE>vF6n³ «]>|vL(?E?*>vABª6L(9oFˆJ

;R9]¬!|vLY1ª&\]CEHCB;=L(9«]HAcCELQ6>?*>@ª&?*>¯AE>@9CE>vF^Q/ABªq>v|@;=HNtRJXª\&?EªqLAE>1LNª6>@?*HCELN?*AvO;R9WX>@?*>*9o|v>¯Au?E\&t=>¯ALN?

H(t=¬LN?E;=CB«]Y^AvnI³«]>@;R?ZCB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=LN9Ù;=A!¬>@9o>*?*HNtRtCB«]>^Y^LAEC!F†;« |*\&t=C/ª?*LNQt=>vYna©½>!«oH(<>AB«]L

® 9

;R9”¬KMLNQ]llA­CB«oHC:H^|±«]HN;R9 LNWQ&;R9]HN?ƒª?*LNªq>@?*CB;=>vA!|vH(9AELYZ>vCB;=Y^>vA:Q6>!CB?*HN9]ABt=HCE>vF-LN9t;R9CELH(9

;R9WX>@?*>@9]|v>1Y^>v|E«oH(9&;=AEY n

³«]>vAE>/¬>@9]>@?*HNtc¬(\&;=F>@tR;R96>vA1«oH(<>1CELQq>/Y^HF&>1>vªtR;=|@;=C/WXL(?!>vH|±« CEHN?*¬>vCxWVLN?*Y^H(tR;=AEYn3©->1¬N;=<>

H^F>vCEH(;RtRt=>vF½F>vAE|@?E;Rª]CB;=LN9 ;R9©¬KMLNQ]ww*­_n

® ¯ ˃°oÊIɰ.°oË*Ç:IJ±Ä1È´³·Ç:Ä/Ê µ*ɉ°]Ë@Ç:Ä

¤ "! H286I&.J3J<034K·¶ƒ-259¸¦C&.¹ ¦'

º9]L

®

t=>¯F&¬>ix|¯[\&;=AB;=CB;=L(9ÀW­?*LY×CE>vˆCEA/«]HAH<>@?ƒ½;=Y/ª6L(?*CEHN9C F&>v<>@t=LNª]Y^>@9C

®

;=CB«µCB«o> |@\&?EJ

?*>@9C

®

L(?E²A;R9-CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬CHN9]F9oHCB\&?*H(tIt=HN9]¬N\]H¬>/ª&?*Lˆ|¯>vAEAB;R9o¬-`XKPGd@n]³ «]>vAE>

®

L(?E²A:HNtRt=L

®

CB«]>^H|¯[\&;=AB;=CB;=L9µLNWMCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(t²ˆ9]L

®

t=>vF¬>Q-HNªªt;R9o¬KMP3GIJ_CELˆLNt=A^CEL H|vLN?Eª\oAvna³ «]>

¶?*AEC ?*>¯AB\&t=CEA^t=>vHF´CELCB«]>F>@¶9&;=CB;=L(9ÜLNWMH©£vCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(t!²ˆ9oL

®

t=>vF¬>Q]HAE>A£¬i¿r sx¿w

ª ­

¬»-h†rguwšŸd­_n3{oL(tRt=L

®

;R9]¬-CB«&;=A^|*\&?E?*>@9C1CB?*>@9]F&A!;R9²ˆ9]L

®

t=>¯F&¬>H|¯[\&;=AB;=CB;=L(9úW­?*LY¸CE>vˆCEAvO

®

>1HN?EJ

¬(\o>!CB«]HCMHN9-LN9CEL(t=L¬COT;Xn>n]CB«o>1AECEHCB;=|!²ˆ9oL

®

t=>vF¬>^L(9-H^FLY^H(;R93OY \]AECxQq> Q\&;Rt=CW¾?*LYêCE>vˆCEA

H(9oF CB«oHCxCB«]>tR;R9²

®

;=CB«ÚCE>vˆCEAY!\]AEC Qq>²ˆ>@ª]Cv˜oH(9LN9CEL(t=L¬CY \]AECQ6>!CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(tBnixª]HN?*C

CB«]>x;R9CE>@?*>¯AECFˆ\&?E;R9]¬CB«o>!Y^LˆF>@tRtR;R9]¬&O6²ˆ>v>*ª&;R9]¬CB«o>tR;R9²A!CEL/CB«]>!CE>vˆCEA:>vHAE>vA:CB«o>\9oF>@?*AECEH(9oFˆJ

H(Q&;RtR;=C3HN9]FCB«]>YZHN;R9CE>@9]HN9]|v>L(W:CB«]>L(9CELNt=L¬AnI³«]>^|vL(9oAECB?E\]|vCB;=LN9µLNW:H(9L(9CELNt=L¬A«oHA!CEL

Q6> F&L(9o>H|v|vL(?*F†;R9]¬ÙCEL½CB«?*>v>YZH*¼EL(? AECE>@ªoAv˜cH(9´;R9WXL(?*Y^HNtòCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬(;=|vHNt1²ˆ9]L

®

t=>vF¬>Q]HAE>

`X³,º!rÙHNWXCE>*?

®

HN?*FA*d@OH/AE>vY1;RJbWVLN?*Y^H(tICE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(tL(9CELNt=L¬A`_h†{I³½!duH(9oF¶&9]HNtRt H/WXL(?*Y^HNt

CE>@?*Y1;R9oL(t=L¬N;=|¯HNtLN9CELNt=L¬A

®

«;=|E«;=A:CB«o>:?*>@ª?*>vAE>@9CEHCB;=L(9L(WICB«]>!hˆ{I³½ ;R9CELAELY^>:WXLN?*Y^H(tR;=AEYn

³«]>³,º!r|vLN?E?*>¯ABª6LN9]F&ACELCB«]>utR;R9o¬(\&;=AECB;¾|t=>v<>@tXnUbC3;=AIQ\&;Rt=CuW¾?*LYïCB«]>:AECB\oF/L(W6CE>vˆCEAI¬HCB«]>@?*>vF

;R9ÜCB«]>FLY^H(;R93O

®

«&;=|E«ïH(?*>½|¯LN9]AECB;=CB\oCE>vFÜ;R9CELúHÙ|vLN?Eª\]Avn³«;=AQoHAE>½¬(;=<>vA-H¶&?*AECtR;=AEC½L(W

|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCB\]HNtIª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA!CB«oHC|vL(?E?*>vABª6L(9oFCEL^CE>*?*Y^AvOoHAx9]LCE>vA:LN?:tR;R9²A!>vª?*>vAEAE>vF;R99oHCB\&?*H(t

t=H(9o¬(\oH¬>Oo?*>@t=HCE>vFCEL^|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCEAvn6³«;=A³,º!r´;=A:?*>@ª?*>vAE>@9CE>vF;R9CELH^AE>vYZHN9CB;=|!9o>vC

®

LN?E²6O

®

;=CB«

9]L^HN\]CELYZHCB;=|1<NH(tR;=F&HCB;=LN9n

³«]>-h†{I³½ |¯LN?E?*>vABª6L(9oFACELCB«]>½F>vAE|@?E;Rª]CB;=LN9 HN9]FÀCB«]>½AECB?E\]|vCB\?*HCB;=L(9ïL(W^CB«]>|vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNt

ª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>¯AHA!|vLN9]|v>@ª]C^L(?!ª&?*L(ª6>@?*CB;=>vAvnc³«o>ZLN9CELNt=L¬A;=A1AECB?E\o|vCB\?*>vF½Qª?*LNª6>@?*CB;=>¯A/tR;R9&²ˆ;R9]¬

CB«]>^|vL(9o|v>*ªoCEA^CEL¬>vCB«]>@?(n³«o>|vL(9o|v>*ªoCEA1HN9]F½ª?*LNª6>@?*CB;=>¯A^HN?*>F>vAE|@?E;RQ6>vF;R9CEL-HAE>vY1;RJbWVLN?*Y^H(t

t=H(9o¬(\oH¬>n]UbCc|vL(?E?*>vABª6LN9]FAxCEL!CB«]>:F&>*¶&9;=CB;=LN9-L(W ¬RhˆG8º!fxwœA­5£¯ix9 LN9CEL(t=L¬C/;=ACB«]> «;=>@?*H(?*|±«;=|vHNt

AECB?E\]|vCB\?*HCB;=LN9·L(W:HAE>vC1LNW:CE>@?*YZA!LNWMCB«o>FLY^H(;R95£nc³ «]>^A‹9CEHLNW:CB«]>^t=HN9]¬N\]H¬>Y!\oAEC!Q6>

|@t=>¯HN?Et!F>@¶&9]>vF6niÙAB;=Y/ªt=>:AE>vY^H(9CB;=|<>@?E;R¶]|vHCB;=LN9 Y \]AECTQq>eWX>¯HAB;RQt=> ;R9ZLN?*F>@?aCELxYZHN²ˆ>cª6LAEAB;RQt=>

CB«]>uCB?*H(9oABt=HCB;=LN9;R9CELHWXL(?*Y^HNtˆt=H(9o¬(\oH¬>n¿¾L

®

>v<>@?3;=C3«]HAICELt=>vH(<>H t=H(?*¬>W­?*>v>¯F&LYO(CEL:Y^LˆF&>*t

®

;=CB«]LN\]C «]H(<;R9o¬ CB?*LN\Q&t=>¯A

®

;=CB«Ú|vLY1ª&t=>v;R9&WV>@?*>@9]|v>^Y^>v|E«]HN9;=AEY^Avn

{3;R9]HNtRtOcCB«]>/WXL(?*Y^HNtc?*>@ª?*>vAE>@9CEHCB;=L(9·LNW:CB«]>^CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬N;=|vH(t!L(9CELNt=L¬C ;=A!\]AE>@W­\tCEL <NH(tR;=F&HCE>

CB«]>!AE>vY/;RJXWXL(?*Y^HNtaLN9]>OoCEL^CE>¯AEC ;=C:H(9oFCEL/;=Y1ª&t=>vYZ>@9Cx;=Cvn

U­9©¬R¿x\]Hwm*­¿x\]HN?E;R9]L;R9CB?*LˆF†\]|v>vA1HN9-L(9CELNt=L¬(;=|vHNtt=>v<>@tc;R9

®

«;=|E«½tR;R9]¬N\;=AECB;=|vA^|@?E;=CE>*?E;=HHNtRt=L

® A

CB«]>|vL(9o|v>*ªoCEAH(9oFZCB«o>uª?*LNªq>@?*CB;=>vACELQ6>AECB?E\o|vCB\?*>vF6OHAICB«]>xL(9CELNt=L¬Anˆ³«;=Aet=>¯<>@to;=AcCB«]>xAEHY^>

HAxL(\&?MY^LˆF>@tRtR;R9]¬ª&«]HAE>!?*>vAB\t=CB;R9o¬;R9CELCB«o>1hˆ{I³½/n

¬º!Guww*­F>@¶9o>:CB«]> 9]LCB;=L(9LNWqH‰£v|¯LN9]|v>@ª]CB\oH(t3L(9CELNt=L¬A.£:Q6>vC

®

>v>@9ZCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬CHN9]F^CB«o>LNª6>@?EJ

HCB;=LN9]HNtIL(9CELNt=L¬AO

®

«;=|E«-|vLN?E?*>vABªqLN9]F&AMCEL/CB«]>!|vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNtR;=AEHCB;=L9 LNWaCB«o>!CE>*?*Y^Avn³

®

Lª&«]HAE>¯A

H(?*>^F†;=AECB;R9]¬N\;=AE«o>vF6OCB«]>V£vL(9CELNt=L¬(;=AEHCB;=L9M£HN9]FÙCB«o>w£vLNªq>@?*HCB;=L(9oH(tR;­AEHCB;­L(95£ˆn³ «]>^L(9CELNt=L¬(;=AEHNJ

CB;=L(9¬Lˆ>¯AuW­?*LYàCB«o>!CE>*?*Y/;R9oL(t=L¬CCEL^CB«]>|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCB\]HNtaLN9CEL(t=L¬AOo;=Cu;=A?*>vHNtR;=AE>vF;R9ÚH/t=HN9]¬N\]H¬>n

UXC|vLN?E?*>¯ABª6LN9]F&A!>¯ˆH|vCBt CEL^LN\?MY^LˆF&>*tRtR;R9o¬ª«oHAE>O6CB«]>!|vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\oH(tcLN9CEL(t=L¬A|¯LN?E?*>vABª6L(9oFˆ;R9]¬

(6)

H?*>@ª?*>vAE>@9CEHCB;=L(9ÀWVLN?*Y^H(tR;=AEYOCB«]HC^;=ALN\??*>@ª&?*>¯AE>@9CEHCB;=L(9Àª«oHAE>CB«oHC^t=>vHFACEL-H½WXL(?*Y^HNt

CE>@?*Y1;R9oL(t=L¬N;=|¯HNtLN9CELNt=L¬An

iMY^LN9]¬CB«]>Y^LAEC!?*>v|v>@9C

®

LN?E²A!;R9²ˆ9oL

®

t=>vF¬> H|v[\;=AB;=CB;=LN9W­?*LY¸CE>vˆCEAvO¬r:hˆww>­uª?*>vAE>@9C1H

Y^>¯CB«oLˆF!WXLN?Q&\;Rt=Fˆ;R9o¬1LN9CEL(t=L¬N;=>¯AuW­?*LYÜHxtR;R9]¬N\;=AECB;=|H(9oH(tˆAB;=ALNW]CE>vˆCEAvn(³«]>ª&?*L(ª6LAE>CELHNªªt

AELY^>CELˆLNt=A^W­?*LYù9oHCB\&?*H(t:t=HN9]¬N\]H¬>ª?*Lˆ|v>vAEAB;R9]¬ú`XCE>@?*Y^A^>¯ˆCB?*H|vCEL(?*AvOuCELˆL(t=A^WXLN?Z|vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\]HNt

¬(?*LN\ª&;R9]¬&Oc?*>@t=HCB;=L(9oA >vˆCB?*H|vCEL(?(nün=nd/LN9CEL-H½|¯LN?Eª\oA|vL(9oAECB;=CB\]CE>vFúWXL(?HN9·HNªªtR;=|vHCB;=L(9In:©´«]>@9

CB«]>?*>vAB\&t=CEA:L(WICB«]>CELˆLNt=Ac«oH(<>Qq>v>@9 AB;RWXCE>vF6Oˆ;=Cu;=Aª6LAEAB;RQt=>/CEL1F>@¶&9]>

®

«]HC

®

>|vH(tRt=>vF«]>@?*>CB«]>

|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCB\]HNtª&?E;=Y1;=CB;=<>vA!L(WICB«]>!F&LY^HN;R9nUbCu;=A:L(WXCE>@99]>v|v>¯AEAEHN?ƒCEL/?*>vCB\?E9CEL1CB«o>!Lˆ|¯|@\&?E?*>*9o|v>¯A

L(W:CB«o>CE>@?*YZA ;R9ÙCB«]>|vLN?Eª\]AvnI³«&;=A^H(ª&ª?*LH|±«Ù;=A!QoHAE>vFÙLN9ÙFˆ;=AECB?E;RQ\oCB;=L(9oHtòHN9]FF†;«Àq>@?*>@9CB;=HNt

tR;R9]¬N\;=AECB;=|AE>vY^HN9CB;=|¯Avn6³ «]>!Fˆ;=AECB?E;RQ&\]CB;=LN9]HNt:L(9o>!H(?*¬N\]>vACB«]HC:CB«]>!Y^>vH(9&;R9]¬L(WcH

®

LN?*F |vHN9 Q6>

L(QoCEH(;R9o>vFÙW­?*LY¸;=CEA/\]AE>vA!;R9·CB«o> CE>vˆCEAvnI³«o>Fˆ;«À6>@?*>@9CB;=H(t!L(9o> HN?*¬N\]>vA^CB«]HCZH

®

LN?*F¬>vCEA/;=CEA

Y^>¯HN9;R9o¬^W­?*LY";=CEAFˆ;«À6>@?*>@9]|v>vA

®

;=CB«LCB«o>*?

®

L(?*F&AvO9oLC W¾?*LYêHN9 «ª6LCB«]>vCB;=|vH(tL(Q¼E>v|vC:LNWcCB«]>

®

L(?Et=FCEL

®

«;=|±«;=C

®

L(\&t=F?*>*WX>@?(n

³«]>@9ÙCB«]>°;R9WXL(?*Y^HNt:F>@¶9&;=CB;=L(9Y!\oAEC!Q6>^9]LN?*Y^H(tR;=AE>vFHN9]F½WXL(?*Y^HNtR;=AE>vF·CEL¶]C ;R9CEL-HWXL(?*Y^HNt

L(9CELNt=L¬Cnc³«o> CELˆLNt:³:gcf„»-UXKiMgÀ«oHA^Q6>v>@9·F>v<>@t=L(ª6>vFCELAB\ª&ªqLN?*CCB«o> AB\o|¯|v>vAEAB;=<>AECE>*ªoA

W­?*LY"CE>vˆCEA:CEL!WXLN?*YZHNtLN9CEL(t=L¬AO6<;=HCE>*?*Y/;R9oL(t=L¬(;=|vHNtHN9]F9]LN?*Y^H(tR;=AEHCB;=L9-WXLN?*YZAvnoUXC:L*À6>@?*A:H(9

>@9CB;R?*>MCB?*H|v>¯HNQ;RtR;=C<WXL(?:Y^LˆF>@tRtR;R9o¬H(9oF²ˆ>v>@ª]A:CB«o>:tR;R9&²AQ6>¯C

®

>v>*9CB«]>Lˆ|v|@\?E?*>@9]|v>vA:LNWaH!CE>@?*Y

H(9oF CB«o>!|vL(9o|¯>@ªoCB\]HNtIª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>CB«]HCWXL(?*Y^HNtR;=AE>¯Ax;=Cvn

¹ºˆ»o¼|vLY^>vA;R9CELCB«o>9]LN?*YZHNtR;=AEHCB;=L(9Ùª&«]HAE>!L(WcCB«&;=AMY^>vCB«]LˆFTn6³«]>!AECB\oFHN9]FCB«o>ª?*>@tR;=Y/;RJ

9]HN?ƒ^>¯ˆCB?*H|vCB;=L(9-LNWICB«]>|¯LN9]|v>@ª]CB\oH(t3ª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA;R9 ¹ º »o¼ |vHN9 Q6>x?*>¯HNtR;=AE>vFFˆ\&?E;R9]¬CB«o>:ª&«]HAE>

L(WtR;R9]¬N\;=AECB;=|AECB\oFúL(W!³:gcf„»-UXKiMgxnI³«]>Y^LˆF>@tRtR;R9o¬Ùt=HN9]¬N\]H¬>½L(W1¹º »o¼ |vHN9·CB«]>@9ú«]>@tRª

CEL F&>@¶9]>CB«]>^Y^LˆF>@tRtR;R9]¬WXLN?*Y^A!L(W:³:guf,»-UXKig:O6LN?Z>v<>@9?*>@ªt=H|v>CB«]>vY Q-AE|±«]>vY^HCEH&ncUXC

H(tRt=L

®

A!H<>*?ƒAEY^LˆLCB«-Q6>v¬(;R9&9;R9o¬-LNWAECB?E\]|vCB\&?*HCB;=LN9·HN9]F-Y^HN²š>vACB«]>/9ˆ\]Y^>@?*LN\]AQ]H|E²CB?*H|E²A

>vHAB;=>@?(nC»LN?*>vL(<>*?(Oˆ¹º

»o¼

ª?*LNª6LAE>vAcCB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=LN9 ?E\&t=>¯AICEL

®

HN?*FAuÁMPH(9oF°sx¿/Ov;=CIAELM¬N;=<>vAuAELY^>

CB?*H(9oABt=HCB;=LN9 HNQ;RtR;=CB;=>vA/CELZLCB«]>@?:WXLN?*Y^H(tIA‹ˆAECE>vYZAxCB«]HCM³:guf,»-UbKMig:n

¤ G Á%2M4,ÂJ<),'>0<254

©-> «]H(<>!ª&?*>¯AE>@9CE>vF-HY^>vCB«]LˆFWXL(?!H|¯[\&;R?E;R9]¬ ²ˆ9]L

®

t=>vF&¬>/W­?*LY CE>vˆCEAvnUXCH(;=Y^A!CEL^²ˆ>v>@ª-CB«]>

tR;R9²½Qq>vC

®

>¯>@9

®

LN?*FA;R9CE>vˆC!H(9oF |vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\oH(tuª?E;=Y/;=CB;=<>vA^;R9Y^LˆF>@tXnI³«ˆ\]AvOo\&9]F>@?*AECEHN9]F†;R9]¬

H(9oF Y^HN;R9CEH(;R9&;R9]¬CB«o>!YZLˆF&>@tIQ\]CxH(t=AEL^;=CEAxWXL(?*Y^HNtR;=AEHCB;=LN9

®

LN\t=FQ6>!>vHAB;=>@?(n

©->«oH(<>;RtRtR\]AECB?*HCE>vFCB«]>:Y^LˆF>@tRtR;R9o¬ AECE>@ª]AvOW­?*LYkCB«]>:CE>vˆCEAuCEL!H!AE>¯Y/;RJXWXLN?*Y^H(tCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬(;=|vHNt

L(9CELNt=L¬C^;R9¹º »o¼

®

;=CB«Ú>vˆHY/ªt=>vA:CEHN²š>@9W­?*LYkH(9;R9]Fˆ\oAECB?E;=H(tcHNªª&tR;=|vHCB;=LN9n6³«o>MCB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=LN9

?E\t=>vAvOˆW­?*LYkCB«]>AE>vY1;RJbWVLN?*Y^H(t6LN9CEL(t=L¬ACEL1HWXLN?*YZHNt6L(9o>:;R9-s:¿ H(9oFÁMPuOˆY^H>^AE>¯>vYkLNQ<;=LN\]A

HAc¹ º

»o¼

;=AIHNt=AEL!AE>vY^H(9CB;=|9o>vC

®

LN?E²ˆJXtR;R²š>nˆ©->u«oH(<>AB«oL

®

9^;R9w¬KMLNQ]llA­CB«]HCIHM|±«]HN;R9L(WoQ;R9oH(?ƒ

ª?*LNª6>*?*CB;=>vA|vH(9-AELY^>¯CB;=Y^>vAxQq>!CB?*HN9]ABt=HCE>vFL(9&t;R9CEL^H(9;R9&WV>@?*>@9]|v>/YZ>v|±«]HN9;=AEYn

³«]> t=H(9o¬(\oH¬>HN9]FY^>vCB«]LˆF½H(?*>/AB\ªª6LN?*CE>vF-QH¬N?*H(ª&«;=|vHNtxpHN<(HCELˆLNtI;R9

®

«&;=|E« HFLYZHN;R9

L(9CELNt=L¬C|vHN9-Q6>1|vLN9]|v>@;=<>vF6nI³«o>1AE|±«]>vY^HCEH;R9 CB«&;=Aª]HNªq>@?1|vLYZ> W­?*LY CB«]>!\oAE>@?!;R9CE>*?EWXH|v>n

i:tRtICB«]>!LNª6>@?*HCB;=LN9]A!LN9-CB«]>!AE|±«]>vY^HCEHHN?*>1¬N?*HNª«;=|vHNtXn³«o>1CELˆLNta|±«]>v|E²ACB«]>!A‹9CEHH(9oFCB«]>

AE>vYZHN9CB;=|x?E\t=>vAvn]UbCc|vH(9^Q6>x;R9CE>*?EWXH|v>¯F

®

;=CB«Ús:¿úHN9]FÁP;=Y/ª&t=>¯Y^>@9CEHCB;=L(9oAvn6³«]>:CB?*HN9]ABt=HCB;=LN9

?E\t=>vAxW¾?*LY깺 »o¼ CEL1CB«o>!WXLN?*YZHNtR;=AEY HN?*>!CB«]>@9H(ª&ªtR;=>vF½QFˆ;=HNt=L¬(\&;R9q¬

®

;=CB«ÚCB«o>\]AE>@?(n

à 5ÄCcÆ;uÄ1Ê I°

¬iM¿r:s:¿w

ª

­ZK/nix\]AEAE>@9]H|@J¿x;RtRt=>vA(OÁ1ncrLN\?E;=¬H(\&t=CvOi/ncsLN9]FHY/;R9]>vAvOcHN9]F·sòne¿x?*LAvn¾L

®

|vH(9½²ˆ9]L

®

t=>¯F&¬>H|v[\;=AB;=CB;=LN9úQq>@9o>*¶oC!W­?*LY CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬A(ÅUV9(Æ

‡<t>ypƒpƒkvGxŒArt‹’

Ç

jQÈ©ÉÊË

O3›¯ww n

(7)

¬rLN\]wœ>­ Á/nrL(\&?E;=¬HN\t=CvnIP3>vˆCE>*?(OˆH9oHCB\&?*H(tot=HN9]¬N\]H¬>ª&?*Lˆ|¯>vAEAB;R9o¬ZCELˆLNtWXLN?CE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬A

>vˆCB?*H|vCB;=LN9n:U­9·Æ

‡<t>yƒppƒkvGxŒAr,t‹’sŽ.p%ÌAsŽÎÍÏ;Ðj}ÑMÍ ÒӃx.sup>‡xz…s"v{tx.…*o;Ô tx¿ŒÕ‡3prr

O

¿LCE>*Q6LN?*¬O3›vwwœn

¬r:hˆww*­ rnˆrc;=D@Q6L

®

H(9oF hon]hÕÖ@\t=Y^H(93nI³I>*?*Y/;R9oH>^˜ˆiútR;R9]¬N\;=AECB;­|vABJXQ]HAE>vF-CELˆLNt6WXL(?uQ\;Rt=F†J

;R9]¬!LNWHFLY^H(;R9 LN9CELNt=L¬AnU­9Á/n{o>@9]AE>@t6H(9oFZf nšhˆCB\oF>@?(Oˆ>vFˆ;=CELN?*AvOzÆ

‡3t*yƒpƒpkvGx¿Œ¿r

t‹’%sŽ.pR××sŽVÍm‡<tnzpƒ…xØÈt‡3ÙAr‹Ž.tn›Ú<Í Ç jÈ©ÉÊÊÛ O3PKiòU±OI›vœšŸ†›O3ªoH¬>vAZyw*ܚœœn

hª&?E;R9]¬>@?EJ_zc>@?Et=H¬Ou›¯www&n

¬¿x\oHwm>­ K/na¿x\]HN?E;R9]L&n³«]>^LN9CEL(t=L¬N;=|¯HNt:t=>v<>*tXn-UV97Æ ‡<t>yƒppƒkvGxŒAr¡t‹’%×ÝsŽÞÈRv{s"sŒp>x˜r~s"p>vGx

ß

€C‚nztAr~vGm˜

O›vwwm&n

¬º!Guww*­ ¿/nº!HAEAE>@t1H(9oFkhonMGI>@?Eª6>vCECE>n sLˆLNª6>@?*HCB;=<>·LN9CELNt=L¬AÜ|vLN9]AECB?E\]|vCB;=LN9à9o>v>¯F&A

CEL|vH(?*>@W­\tRtÀH(?*CB;=|@\t=HCE>CE>@?*YZAvOu9]LCB;=LN9]AHN9]FLNQ¼E>¯CEAvnàUV9z1nf!nr>@9C¼EHY/;R9]AvO

Á/nc{o>*9oAE>@tXOcH(9oFÙi/n¿/nIGID@?*>~ÖOc>vF†;=CEL(?*AvO}Æ

‡<t>yƒppƒkvGxŒArt‹’ÎӃxzs"p>‡ƒx.…suvGtx…Ao}Èt‡3Ù¿à

r1Ž.tnYtxYáx.sutAotƒŒvGy…Ao~ÍxŒvGxzpp>‡ƒvGxŒtx%sŽ.p}âotƒ…Ao>Ӄx’t‡ƒ‰…suvGtx}Ӄx’~‡<…Ar~s"‡ƒmy*sum‡<p

O

ª]H¬>¯A

ª

jÜj(l&O3›¯www&n

¬»-h†rguwšŸd­ U±n;»>~>@?(OÁ/nh²ˆ\o|¯>O3Pcn6ru?*L

®

²ˆ>@?(OHN9]F·ºêgc|E²6n/³IL

®

H(?*F&AMH9]>

®

¬>@9o>*?*HCB;=LN9

LNWMCE>@?*Y1;R9oL(t=L¬N;=|¯HNt?*>¯AELN\?*|v>vAv˜Ii:9Ù>vª6>@?E;=YZ>@9C^;R9´Q\;Rt=F†;R9]¬ÙHCE>@?*Y/;R9]LNt=L¬(;=|vHNt

²ˆ9]L

®

t=>vF¬>:QoHAE>nUV9 ×Aãs^Ž‰Óƒxzs"p>‡ƒx.…suvGtx.…>o.Ô tx’~p*‡3p>x.yptxäÔåt‚nMmsu…s"v{tx.…Ao>Ñ vGx˜à

Œm˜vrsuvGyrÚÔáIÑMӋæâ Û

O]KHN9CE>¯AvOo{&?*H(9o|v>O3›vwwˆŸˆn

¬Krll*­ p&nˆKMLNQ6Dv|¯LN\?*CxH(9oFrnru;=D*Q6L

®

ne¹ º »o¼ ˜ˆH1Y^LˆF&>*tRtR;R9o¬t=HN9]¬N\]H¬>1CEL!Q&\;Rt=FH WVLN?EJ

Y^H(tLN9CELNt=L¬A!;R9^>*;=CB«o>@?cF>vAE|@?E;Rª]CB;=LN9t=L¬N;=|vAcLN?a|vLN9]|v>@ª]CB\oH(t6¬N?*H(ª&«]Avn]UV91f!n(Áx;=>*9o¬

HN9]F½/n]sLN?EQO]>vF†;=CEL(?*AvO Æ

‡3t>ypƒpkv{xŒAr,t‹’‰sŽ.p×AçsŽÎӃx.sup>‡x.…suvGtxz…*oMÔ tx’p>‡<p>x.yƒpˆ

Í Ç jÈ©Éçèèè OPKi!U›vwmˆjˆO&ª]H¬>¯A

ª

j܈œy&n6hª?E;R9o¬>@?EJ_zu>@?Et=H¬&OaŸNlll&n

¬KL(Qoww*­ p&noKMLNQ6D¯|vLN\?*Cvn‰é

p‰o…Rt>kêov^r…suvGtxYëYo…R‡<p<nM‡3êdr~p>x.su…suvGtxYì

¹ºˆ»o¼

mxpqp>n;op

kpVo…xŒ…>ŒÕpVkpt*kêov^r~…suvGtx©‰mosuv^૒~t‡…Aov^r~‰pr nÀGI«]Á CB«]>vAB;=AvOM8x9;=<>@?*AB;=CED

GIHN?E;=ABJ_KMLN?*F6O6zx;RtRt=>vCEH(9o>@\]AE>O{&?*HN9]|v>O›vwww&n

¬KL(Qoll*­ p&n6KL(Q6Dv|vL(\&?*Cvnf:>@ª?*DvAE>@9CE>*?^t=H9]LCB;=L(9úF>/ª?*LNª?E;=DvCEDFHN9]A!t=>vA/¬(?*HNª«o>¯A/|vL(9&J

|v>@ª]CB\]>@t=A>vCut=>¯Aet=L¬N;=[\]>vAF>:F&>vAE|*?E;RªoCB;=L(93nUV9p&nˆsu«]HN?Et=>vCvO»níoH|E²ˆt=HF6O6¿/nCº!HABJ

AE>@tXOHN9]FÁ1nrLN\?E;=¬H(\&t=CvO6>vFˆ;=CELN?*AvO

ӃxŒê>x.vGp>‡ƒvGp,kpr}yƒtx.x.…vrr~…x˜yƒpr8ì5͊>tAomsuvGtx˜r

‡<êƒyƒp*xzs"pr,p>s8x.tmŠ*pƒ…mCq‰kêuîIr

OªoH¬>vA1›(jjdÜo›¯wyn6gI?*L(tRt=>vAvOŸNlll&n

¬h†G8º!f:wœ>­ rnh

®

H(?*CELN\]CvOˆf!nˆGIHCB;RtXOº^nº9;=¬N«CvOHN9]F^³!nˆf\]AEAvn6³IL

®

HN?*F^Fˆ;=AECB?E;RQ&\]CE>vF\]AE>L(W

t=HN?*¬>@J_AE|vHNt=>!L(9CELNt=L¬N;=>vAvncU­9VÆ ‡<t>ypƒpƒkvGxŒAr8t‹’ Ç x.t–Iopƒk>ŒÕp8j,yï>mv^r~vGsuvGtxäÈt‡3ÙAr‹Ž.tn

ÚÇ

jÈ©ÉÊÝÛ

O6›vwwœ&n

Références

Documents relatifs

- foundation ontological constructs to support the ontological choices of the kinds of relations through the semantic expressiveness of a foundational ontology,

Overall, two main types of work are distinguished, those that are based on simple features extraction from the texts, and those who organize features into a hierarchy

This paper shows how text-based ontology acquisition meth- ods can be enriched by taking all types of domain specific textual units into account, named entities as well as terms,

Our contribution is to present a scenario testing approach using formal ontologies to validate that a UML class diagram represents the business requirements accurately.. Our

The other common processing step for training and test sentence is to extract textual features for a pair of concepts occurring in a sentence, called feature extraction.. Currently,

• Adoption of foundational ontologies for manufacturing: the interest of the engineering community for foundational ontologies like Basic Formal Ontology (BFO; Arp et al.,

Consider some experimental results. Associations were created on both formal contexts regarding the position of the subject of the action − the first position for the three-element

In [10], Subjective Logic is used to solve ontology inconsistencies in a single ontology process, not applying Subjective Logic to ontologies merging process, where the agent’s