Business applications

(1)

1

Consolidated feedback by tool developers on the proposed list of Business Applications

Business applications

Organisational focus

Product / Service

Site / Project

Supply chain

Corporate Portfolio / Sector

Public policy

1.Assessment of current biodiversity performance

PBF

Tool allows for measuring/estimating actual biodiversity performance

XX X XX X

As explained in summary section, the PBF is mainly an LCA based approach and as such its best business application is Comparing options at Product Level. To do, PBF needs first to assess different options, mainly “standard” performance and “advanced” performance, so that assessing current level of biodiversity performance at product level is one BA.

To assess at product level, one needs also to assess supply chain which is part of the life cycle of the product. In the 3 case studies completed (L’Oréal, Kering and Avril), supply chain assessment was part of the scope and could be disaggregated from the full assessment at product level.

Beyond product level, LCA is now also used at project level and at organisation level, that is why PBF could also be used at these levels. A Case study is currently under progress at Site / Project level.

3 case studies completed 4 in progress

1 case study in progress

No case study planned

ABD Index

XX XX XX X X XX

The Agrobiodiversity (ABD) Index is specifically designed to be applicable for multiple organizational foci – at product level, at project level, at corporate level, for a portfolio, and at (sub)national level including the consideration of (sub)national data and policies.

The ABD Index measures status, actions and commitment on ABD for healthy diets, sustainable agriculture, and future options at each of those levels.

Full ABD Index measurement considers the entire supply chain.

Part of the ABD Index (commitment and actions) can be used for private and public corporates.

ABD Index scores allow for comparison, aggregation, ranking and allocation across a portfolio or sector.

ABD Index can be used to assess government performance overall and in relation to specific policies.

BD Protocol

XX (2) XX XX

Using the BD Protocol helps business track changes in biodiversity impacts (land cover, species population) which can help show progress against targets.

Site/project level: 2 case studies in France, soon to be published in academic paper, others planned in South Africa

BFFI

X 0 X X XX (1) 0

(2)

2

Business applications

Public policy The underlying tools of the BFFI, LCA and ReCiPe, allow for impact calculation on different levels (portfolio, company, supply chain,

product/services). However, focus of the BFFI is a biodiversity footprint on portfolio level.Applicable to products/services if product/service-specific data are available.

The BFFI can be used to assess the biodiversity footprint on a portfolio level. Please note that the methodology is based on impact drivers and not on location specific measurement. Therefore, the BFFI assesses the potential impact, not the actual impact (for which field work would need to be conducted)

. ASN

Bank (annually since 2015)

BIM

0 X XX (4) XX X X

The BIM can assess the direct impact of a company’s operations, but has not been tested at the granularity of a site/project.

The BIM has been designed to assess upstream impacts of commodity production. This has been piloted.

The BIM has been designed to assess impacts across a company’s activities, so it’s applicable to corporate level too.

The BIM could be used for assessing portfolio impact but this has not been tested.

The BIM could be used for assessing e.g. the impact of national-level commodity production or consumption but this has not been tested.

Names not mentione d

GBS

X X (2) X (2) XX (1) XX (2) X

One of the purposes of the GBS is to measure actual biodiversity performance at the corporate and portfolio/sector scales, and this methodology also could be applied to supply chains or at a national level. Project level assessments are robust only for very large-scale projects (impacting thousands of hectares) and should generally be limited to internal reporting.

In France, the new National Biodiversity Plan published in July 2018 has the ambition to generalize the evaluation and disclosure of biodiversity footprint for companies in France but also in Europe (Action 30). The GBS could be one the tools to conduct future mandatory corporate biodiversity footprint reporting.

GRT Gaz, Veolia

Michelin, Solvay

Veolia BNP

Paribas Asset Manage ment, Mirova

LIFE

0 (0) XX (29) XX (1) XX (4) XX (0) XX (0)

LIFE Methodology presents a quantitative metric for the assessment of the biodiversity positive performance called Biodiversity Conservation Action

(BCA). The metric is used to score the performance of environmental projects or actions in relation to biodiversity. The LIFE scoring system considers the phase of project implementation (creation of protected areas, planification, implementation), the relevance of the project for local, regional, national and international biodiversity priorities. The scoring system also considers 16 technical qualifiers for each action implemented on each project. As the scoring system can be applied to any action or project it can be used to evaluate the biodiversity performance related to sites, supply chain, corporate, portfolio, sector and public policies.

Case studies

• Site/project level: Brazil: Adecoagro; Amaggi; Raizen; Agricert; Masisa; Tamanduá; JBS; Petrobras RPBC; Petrobras UTE-BLS; Petrobras TASSE; Petrobras GEI; Itaipu; Boticario; Posigraf; Udu; Catallini; Rocha; Lapinha; ABN/AMRO; Gaia; Cristalino Lodge; Sanepar; JTI; Suzano;

MPX. Paraguay: Payco; Karanda; Itaipu

• Supply chain: JTI (13.000 producers in South Brasil)

• Corporate: Boticario, JTI, Petrobras, Itaipu .

(3)

3

Business applications

STAR

XX X X X X

2.Assessment of future biodiversity performance

PBF

Tool allows for estimating future biodiversity performance, e.g. as a result of positive impact measures such as ecosystem restoration actions

and/or actions that reduce pressures on biodiversity

XX X XX X

PBF, such as other LCA approaches, can also be used as a simulation tool, using future performance based on the implementation of different options or biodiversity action plan. In each of the PBF case studies, a sensibility analysis is performed to test possible future options.

Case studies are the same as in BA 1

ABD Index

X X X X X X

The current version of the ABD Index includes measures, actions and commitment that support ABD or that can negatively harm ABD – based on those actions and commitment, a prediction of future trend (positive, neutral, negative) can be made.

Basic function now – more quantitative forward looking

ABD Index, as mentioned above, can be used qualitatively and semi-quantitative to model future scenarios and the net impact of specific actions but it is not the core focus and power of the current version of ABDI

Future work on the ABD Index is planned towards more quantitative if – then scenarios and related predictive modelling building on the UNEP PREDICTS model and approach.

BD Protocol

X X X

The BD Protocol is explicitly based on the mitigation hierarchy and enables the scaling up of impact data. While the focus is on past impacts up to the date of account compilation, future impact scenarios can be modelled.

BFFI

X 0 X X XX (1) 0

The underlying tools of the BFFI, LCA and ReCiPe, allow for impact calculation on different levels (portfolio, company, supply chain, product/services). However, focus of the BFFI is a biodiversity footprint on portfolio level.

BIM

0 X X X X X

The BIM is responsive to measures that reduce the intensity of land management, reduce land footprint or shift sourcing to areas of lower biodiversity importance

(4)

4

Business applications

GBS

X X (1) X XX XX X

: Future biodiversity performance can be estimated by assessing hypothetical scenarios. They can include positive impact measures on biodiversity

(restoration actions, change in supply options) or on aggregations of positive impact measures across a company or portfolio. ^{GRT Gaz}

LIFE

0 (0) XX (6) XX XX XX XX

LIFE Methodology is applied to the present business management situation but can be used to compare future scenarios of biodiversity performance (ex.: considering the investment on different kind of projects). Biodiversity positive performance in LIFE Methodology is evaluated in an indirect way considering the expect results of different actions (ex.: invest on protected areas or in environmental education projects).

Case studies

• Site/project : Udu; Catallini; Rocha; ABN/AMRO; Sanepar; JTI.

STAR

XX X X X X

impact on reducing threats to species

3. Tracking progress to targets

3.1.High level societal targets, such as Aichi targets and SDGs ABD

Index

Tool refers to such high level targets and facilitates tracking progress towards them

XX XX XX XX XX XX

ABD Index (ABDI) refers to and aligns specifically with Aichi target 7 and 13 and with SDG 2.1, 2.4, 2.5; SDG 13.1, SDG 15.1, 15.3 and 15.6 Contribution to those targets is indicated in the ABDI framework.

Part of the strength and fundamental usefulness of agrobiodiversity is that it can contribute to multiple goals. The Agrobiodiversity Index captures this multi-functionality of agrobiodiversity. The way we farm is the biggest deteriminant of the future of biodiversity and increasing use and safeguarding of agrobiodiversity is the biggest determinant of the sustainablitity of farming systems and the two way benefit flows between agrobiodiversity and wild biodiversity.

.

BD Protocol

XX XX XX

Using the BD Protocol helps business track changes in biodiversity impacts (land cover, species population) which can help show progress against targets. More specifically, land cover data can be consolidated into three key performance indicators, the company’s total biodiversity footprint, its negative biodiversity footprint, and its positive biodiversity footprint.

Accounting for biodiversity impacts revolves around the following equations:

• Statement of Biodiversity Position: (A) total biodiversity impacts (i.e. biodiversity assets or stocks) = (B) accumulated positive impacts + (C) accumulated negative impacts;

(5)

5

Business applications

• Statement of Biodiversity Performance: (E) net biodiversity impacts over the accounting period = (F) periodic positive impacts or gains - (G) periodic negative impacts or losses.

BIM

0 X X X X X

No clarification provided

GBS

0 0 0 XX XX X

Some specific high level targets can be tracked thanks to the GBS, at the Coporate/Portfolio/sector or Public policy levels.

In particular the contribution of businesses to the Strategic (Biodiversity) Plan’s goal of halting the erosion of biodiversity can be tracked with the GBS: halting the erosion of biodiversity roughly means a global variation of MSA level of 0 (i.e. no MSA loss), and the gains or losses caused by companies assessed with the GBS can be compared to that goal. The reasoning would work similarly for the future post-2020 framework.

Furthermore, the GBS would help tracking quantitatively these targets (or use results of tracking of these targets to assess biodiversity impacts):

- Aichi targets: 4 (sustainable production and consumption, impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits), 5 (rate of loss of natural habitats, forest /2, fragmentation), 7 (agricultural areas managed sustainably)

- SDGs: 12.4 (environmentally sound management of chemical and all wastes throughout their life cycle […] reduce their release to air, water and soil), 15.2 (promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests…), 15.5 (take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity […])

LIFE

X0 XX (3) XX XX XX 0

LIFE Standards have a Principle that mentions specifically the ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) - The organization or productive unit must fairly and equitably share the benefits from the access to biodiversity genetic resources and/or associated traditional knowledge, in accordance with local legislation or, in the absence of specific legislation, in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol (CBD), regardless of whether the country is a signatory of the Protocol.

Boticario Itaipu Tamandua

STAR

XX X X X X

Direct relation to post-2020 Science Based Targets

3.2. Planetary Boundaries, i.e. not exceeding the carrying capacity of the planet

PBF

Tool makes use of threshold values that are indicative for exceedance of ecosystem carrying capacity

XX

There is a lot of academic work underway to link LCA methodologies and Planetary Boundaries (I Care & Consult conducted a study in 2018 on behalf of SCORE LCA on that matter). In that sense, when there will be a consensus on the carrying capacity of the planet regarding biodiversity, PBF could be used to establish if the current or targeted biodiversity performance at product level is above or beyond the carrying capacity of the planet.

(6)

6

Business applications

ABD Index

X X X X X X

ABD Index uses several indicative tresholds – e.g. 10% of natural vegetation on agricultural land; % of agricultultural land with <5 species diversity;

soil biodiversity index

Several measurements feeding into ABDI consider those thresholds and can be applied and traced back at product level, project level, along the supply chain, for a portfolio or at national/ subnational level

Most measurements that consider those thresholds are status indicators, which in the current version are not yet applicable at whole corporate level - only if all corporate data of production and sourcing location would be available

BD Protocol

0 0 0 0 0 0

The BD Protocol does not prescribe any target or threshold value. It is an accounting tool which enables business to set up its own targets.

GBS

0 0 0 XX XX X

The functional biodiversity part of the “Biosphere integrity” planetary boundary has been estimated by Steffen et al. (2015) in terms of Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII), and translated in MSA by Lucas & Wilting (2018). The results can be downscaled to regional levels according to equity allocation principles and thus useful for Public policy level. National biodiversity loss reduction targets or MSA loss thresholds values can then be attributed at the sectorial and corporate levels. The GBS makes it possible for companies to track how they contribute to keeping the world within the planetary boundaries (or not) through the link between planetary boundaries and MSA.

LIFE

0 XX (29) XX (1) XX (4) XX 0

The Methodology uses information that can indicate pressure under water scarcity and on ecoregion biodiversity Same case studies as mentioned under BA1.

3.3. No Net Loss or Net Gain

PBF

Tool allows for calculating losses and gains of biodiversity and for calculating net impact

XX

As other LCA approaches, PBF is able to net positive and negative impact and can therefore be used to support such an approach

ABD Index

X X X X X X

See above under number 2

Basic function now – more quantitative forward looking. ABD Index, as mentioned above, can be used to model future scenarios and the net impact of specific actions

(7)

7

Business applications

BD

Protocol

XX XX XX

The BD Protocol is based on the mitigation hierarchy and its accounting framework is dedicated to account for net biodiveristy impacts at the company level (i.e. both accumulated positive and negative impacts + periodic / annual net impacts). See 3.1 for equations accounting framework.

BFFI

X 0 X X XX 0

Rules on how to use biodiversity-positive investments in reaching NNL or NG are now being developed (2019)

BIM

0 X X X X X

The metric provides an estimate of the cost of land occupancy, and this can track increases and decreases. However, it does not operate at the scale of gains or losses of individual species, nor does it directly measure changes on the ground

GBS

0 X 0 XX XX X

The GBS could be used for No Net Loss approaches at the corporate and financial institution-levels. The No Net Loss or Net Gain concept can also be applied at the national or international levels with the quantification of the planetary boundaries and associated biodiversity loss reduction goals. It is also possible to use the MSA metric to set up NNL or Net Gain targets at the site level, but they would be different in nature to NNL or Net Gain targets usually used at the site level (which are based on habitats and endangered species).

LIFE

X (29) X X X 0

LIFE developed its own metric to calculate the compensation between negative and positive impact aiming net gain. The metric used here is the

“minimum Biodiversity Conservation Action (Min BCA)”.

Same case studies

STAR

XX X X X X

potential application for losses and gains and net impact

3.4. Environmental management system requirements (e.g., ISO 14001, EMAS) ABD

Index

Tool allows facilitates demonstrating continuous improvement, which is the central objective or environmental management systems

XX XX XX XX XX XX

ABD index allows and facilitates demonstrating continuous improvement on agrobiodiversity status, related actions and commitment.

(8)

8

Business applications

LIFE

Tool allows facilitates demonstrating continuous improvement, which is the central objective or environmental management systems

X x X x

The metrics allows to calculate, monitor and compare annual negative and positive impacts on biodiversity. Also the qualitative approach allows to monitor biodiversity management performance through 74 indicators.

3.5. Voluntary standards at sector level or product level (e.g. Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil RSPO, EU Ecolabel), natural capital assessment and reporting frameworks (e.g. Natural Capital Protocol, GRI) and agreements (e.g. Green Deal agreements with governments, agreements with NGOs)

PBF

Tool refers to specific standards, frameworks or agreements and allows tracking progress towards compliance

X

An interesting BA of PBF is to evaluate what is the biodiversity performance of voluntary standards such as RSPO, FSC, … , based on the requirements list of these standards. Specific company practices and frameworks could then be compared vs. these voluntary standards.

BD Protocol

XX XX XX

While the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (i.e. the GHG Protocol) was the benchmark standard for the vision and structure of the BD Protocol, the latter differs from the former in two main aspects:

• The BD Protocol focuses its guidance on measuring impacts on biodiversity (i.e. changes in the state of biodiversity caused by business), while the GHG Protocol provides guidance on measuring the impact drivers of climate change (i.e. greenhouse gas emissions emitted by business), which do not constitute impacts in themselves but contribute to climate change and its consequences.

• In the BD Protocol, net impact accounting recognises the notion of equity in the type of biodiversity lost or gained (i.e. ecological equivalency or like-for-like): i.e. biodiversity losses (negative impacts) and gains (positive impacts) can only be aggregated for equivalent biodiversity components. In net greenhouse gas emission accounting however, any type of greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced or offset by any type of greenhouse gas offset (e.g. carbon stored in new tree plantations, renewable energy projects).

The BD Protocol is aligned to the Natural Capital Protocol, which is a standardised framework to identify, measure, and value direct and indirect impacts (positive and negative) and/or dependencies on natural capital. Specifically, it helps provide biodiversity-specific guidance to:

• Measuring changes in the state of natural capital (step 6 of the Natural Capital Protocol), by providing guidance on how to measure change(s) in the extent (land cover)/amounts (taxa) and condition (land cover)/viability (taxa) of impacted biodiversity components;

• Valuing impacts on natural capital (step 7 of the Natural Capital Protocol), though from only two perspectives: i.e. valuing the financial implications of biodiversity impacts for your business and valuing the relative importance of your business’ biodiversity impact exposure and/or contribution to society.

LIFE

X x X x X

HCV (High Conservation Value); sectorial best practices (company has to specify the most important to be checked in the supply chain for each sector. Eg.: FSC).

(9)

9

Business applications

STAR

X X X X X

under discussion for inclusion in GRI, Trucost metrics

3.6. Regulatory and permitting requirements

BD Protocol

Tool allows to track compliance with specific regulatory or permitting requirements

XX XX XX

The BD Protocol produces the biodiversity impact accounts based on the mitigation hierarchy, which helps track the implementation of permitting requirements, from restoration to offset measures.

LIFE

Tool allows to track compliance with specific regulatory or permitting requirements

Qual Qual Qual. Qual. Qual.

LIFE Methodology has a Principle in its Biodiversity Management Standards focused on regulatory aspects.

3.7. Lender requirements including the guarantees required by the lenders (e.g. International Finance Corporation Performance Standard 6)

ABD Index

Tool allows to track compliance with specific lender requirements

XX XX XX XX XX XX

ABD Index can be used as an environmental impact indicator for green bonds or impact bonds, for example.

BD Protocol

XX XX XX

The BD Protocol produces the biodiversity impact accounts based on the mitigation hierarchy for all key biodiversity imapcts, including material ones as per IFC PS6

LIFE

Qual Qual. Qual. Qual.

LIFE Standards requires law attendance

GBS

0 0 0 0 0 0

lenders could include NNL in MSA in their requirements, in which case the GBS would be useful to meet those requirements. But at this stage, this option has not been explored.

STAR

X X X X X

Tracks risk and response to Critical Habitat component of PS6

(10)

10

Business applications

3.8. Site to landscape level collective impact programme commitments, such as collectively mitigating impacts at ecologically and socially important scales (e.g. catchment, as defined by stakeholders and partners)

ABD Index

Tool allows to identify your company’s attribution to landscape level impacts, which is essential information for identifying joint action at a

landscape level

XX XX XX XX XX XX

Subject to data granularity, the ABD Index methodology can be used to identify the attribution to each stakeholder.

BD Protocol

landscape level

0 0 0

The BD Protocol covers direct and indirect impacts but does not yet include cumulative impacts at the landscape level. Apportionment of responsibility is the key limiting factor.

GBS

landscape level

0 0 0 0 0 0

The GBS is not yet relevant to assess landscape level collective impacts as the minimum area to use the tools and disclose the results with enough confidence on their accuracy is about 1000 ha and such landscapes would likely fall below that threshold.

LIFE

landscape level

Qual. Qual. Qual. Qual.

LIFE Standards requires that companies of the primary sector identifies their role for biodiversity at a landscape level.

The organization or producer must plan landscape composition according to the regional context, considering all properties that belong to the scope of the certification. P5.C9.i1 - Information on properties that provide evidences of landscape planning according to the regional context:

• Maintenance of natural ecosystem coverage beyond the legal requirement.

• Maintenance of connection areas between remnants of the natural ecosystem beyond the legal requirement.

• Maintenance of native vegetation blocks isolated as little as possible in the landscape matrix, inside the property and in relation to the surroundings

• Map identifying the location of the property in the regional context, including priority and high conservation value (HCV) areas inside and outside the property for the creation of blocks and corridors of native vegetation.

• Monitoring that provide evidence that the fauna is using the corridors.

• Prioritization of conservation of areas in advanced stage.

STAR

landscape level

X X X X X

Potential and achieved conservation impacts can be measured at sites within landscapes and aggregated up to landscape scale

3.9. Corporate-level biodiversity commitments or engagements (e.g. to avoid operating in high biodiversity value areas, to exclude

purchasing of non-certified palm oil, wood, etc.) as detailed in corporate biodiversity policy/strategy.

(11)

11

Business applications

PBF

Tool allows for including engagements in the performance scores (e.g. certified palm oil gets another score than non-certified palm oil; or the tool is able to identify high biodiversity value areas globally and to take this into account in scoring system)

XX

PBF main objective is to demonstrate that the benefits of biodiversity corporate action plans can be assessed at product level. Impact on biodiversity of actions as listed above (e.g. to avoid operating in high biodiversity value areas, to exclude purchasing of non-certified palm oil, wood, etc.) can be assessed at product level with PBF, comparing standard corporate practices and the implementation of these actions. Therefore PBF can support corporate engagement of designing and manufacturing products with lower impact on biodiversity

ABD Index

Tool allows for including engagements in the performance scores (e.g. certified palm oil gets another score than non-certified palm oil; or the tool

is able to identify high biodiversity value areas globally and to take this into account in scoring system)

XX XX XX XX XX XX

The ABD Index includes measures on actions and commitment that support ABD for healthy diets, sustainable agriculture and future options (fair genetic resource management)

BD Protocol

X X X

The BD Protocol can help demonstrate progress towards corporate targets but is not specifically designed for 3^rd party commitments

BFFI

0 0 0 0 0 0

For ‘portfolio/sector’, this is currently under development for the BFFI (2019)

BIM

0 X X X X X

GBS

0 0 X X X 0

Commitments and voluntary labels (organic agriculture label, certified palm oil etc.) are taken into account quantitatively when it is possible to link them to reduced pressures on biodiversity (ongoing work) and environmental safeguards are taken qualitatively into account in the GBS during the results analysis.

LIFE

X XX X X X

LIFE metric BCA – Biodiversity Conservation Actions considers high biodiversity value areas globally, and also nationally and locally, for company scoring. Specific rules for supply-chain.

(12)

12

Business applications

STAR

XX X X X X

Can be used to show impacts of investment at sites through threat reduction at production sites

4. Comparing options

PBF

Tool allows for comparing options

XX X X X

As explained earlier, the PBF is mainly a LCA based approach and as such its best business application is Comparing options at Product Level.

To assess at product level, one needs alto to assess supply chain which is part of the life cycle of the product. In the 3 case studies completed, supply chain assessment was part of the scope and could be disaggregated from the full assessment at product level.

Beyond product level, LCA is now also used at project level and at organisation level, that is why PBF could also be used at these levels. A Case study is currently under progress at Site / Project level.

ABD Index

XX XX XX XX XX XX

The ABDI is designed to allow comparisons, aggregation, and ranking across within all organisational focus areas.

BD Protocol

X X X

Not specifically. Focus is on tracking changes in biodiversity due to past activities.

However, modelling potential impacts on biodiversity may be undertaken for internal decision-making purposes, for instance to assess the biodiversity exposure of contemplated supply streams or to compare alternative scenarios regarding the implementation of the impact mitigation hierarchy for a greenfield project. These potential impacts may also be disclosed to target external stakeholders to satisfy their ad hoc requirements.

In these cases, the BD Protocol recommends that data on potential impacts be accounted for and disclosed separately.

BFFI

X 0 X X XX (4) 0

The BFFI can be used to compare the footprint of different investments, e.g. in different asset classes

BIM

0 X XX(4) XX X X

GBS

X X X (2) XX XX X

The GBS can be used to compare hypothetical scenarios (options), for instance what happens if a company reduces its water consumption by 50%

and reforests 50 ha? This scenario can be used as an input in the GBS and its consequences assessed. Different supply options, or 2 sites management options, or different investment options in companies within the same industry (if relevant data are available) can thus be compared.

Michelin, Solvay

(13)

13

Business applications

LIFE

XX X XX XX

The Methodology was designed to compare the biodiversity balance.

So, one of the most important uses of LIFE metrics is the comparison among companies´performance in biodiversity.

BII (Biodiversity Impact Index) allows to compare biodiversity impact among companies of any size and sector on a scale from 0 to 1.000.

BCA (Biodiversity Conservation Actions) allows to compare biodiversity positive performance among companies of any size and sector through a scoring system that considers biodiversity importance at a global and national levels.

STAR

XX X X X X

values generated at one site/polygon are directly comparable to those generated at any other site/polygon

5. Biodiversity Return on Investment / Testing effectiveness of measures

ABD Index

Tool assesses the return on investment in terms of biodiversity and in economic terms of deliberate ecosystem restoration measures or is able to test the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

X X X X X X

ABD Index, as mentioned above, can be used to model future scenarios and the net impact of specific actions. Such results can be translated into investment results and economic indicators.

BFFI

X 0 X X X 0

The BFFI can be used to calculate the biodiversity impact per Euro invested. However, the economic return on investment (in the sense of economic value) is not calculated.

GBS

X X (1) X X X X

The GBS can estimate potential biodiversity gains thanks to mitigation measures before their implementation (hypothetical scenario), or after their implementation. This can easily be translated into a return on investment by dividing the gains by the cost associated. The GBS does not focus on assessing such return on investments but it is very easy to calculate them if a company wishes to.

AFD

LIFE

X x X x

LIFE Methodology ables companies to compare investment vs biodiversity results. This analysis is done considering the ammount invested on each project vs projects´ scoring.

STAR

XX X X X X

RoI measured in terms of potential and delivered reduction in species extinction risk; assessment of cost of such actions needed at local scale

(14)

14

Business applications

6. Assessment / rating of biodiversity performance by third parties, using external data

ABD Index

Tool allows third parties to assess a company’s performance, by only using external data.

X X X X X X

Status is measured using external data – but the key information that is needed from the companies is the sourcing information and location

BFFI

X 0 X X XX 0

For the portfolio/sector focus, BFFI uses external data from the Exiobase database and databases like ecoinvent

GBS

0 0 0 XX XX (2) 0

The GBS can be used to screen companies’ biodiversity footprint risks based on external / public data, If only sectoral data are available, then obviously two companies within the same sector cannot be distinguished. But if company-specific data (on pressures) are publicly available, two companies within the same industry can be distinguished.

Mirova, BNP Paribas Asset Manage ment

LIFE

XX XX XX XX

LIFE Certification was designed to allow thidy-party assessment and disclosure of biodiversity performance.

Independent certifying bodies are required to publish LIFE companies reports that contains their metrics.

Ex.: https://www.tecparcert.com.br/en/life/

7. Certification by third parties

BD Protocol

Tool allows third parties to do a certification audit according to a well-established methodological approach.

XX XX XX

the BD Protocol helps develop a comprehensive audit trail for all im[act data, for eventual 3^rd party audit.

LIFE

XX XX XX XX XX

LIFE Certification was designed to allow thidy-party assessment and disclosure of biodiversity performance.

LIFE has accredited certifying bodies in Brazil and Paraguay. These certifying bodies are able to make LIFE evaluations in other countries where they are operationg.

Certifying bodies are evaluated and accredited by LIFE according ISO requirements to conduct independent audits.

LIFE Methodology was developed according ISEAL best practices Code.

(15)

15

Business applications

Public policy Independent certifying bodies are required to publish LIFE companies reports that contains their metrics.

Eg.: https://www.tecparcert.com.br/en/life/

STAR

X X X X X

Methodology for calculating ex-ante and ex-post values is clear and transparent and could be used by an auditor

8. Screening and assessment of biodiversity risks and opportunities

ABD Index

Tool includes information that automatically translates biodiversity performance outcomes (as identified by applying business applications 1 to 6) to risk levels and/or opportunity levels.

XX XX XX XX XX XX

ABDI assesses 6 areas of increased risk as related to low/high agrobiodiversity: malnutrition risk, poverty risk, biodiversity loss,losses due to pests and diseases, losses due to climate change, losses due to land degradatation

ABDI also identifies opportunities for resilience building and for better management and utilization of agrobiodiversity for more constructive contributions to healthy diets, sustainable agriculture and/or future options

BD Protocol

X X X

Not specifically. Individual biodiversity accounts would be valued qualitatively (e.g. red listed species) and quantitatively (e.g. share of land cover with negative impacts) which would highlight risks and opportunities.

BFFI

0 0 0 0 0 0

The BFFI includes an interpretation step for FI using the tool. This step does not (yet) include an automatic assessment of (financial or operational) risks and opportunities

GBS

0 0 0 0 0 0

The GBS results can be compared to sectoral impact intensity averages (MSA.km² loss per monetary value) so that investments at corporate/portfolio/sectorial levels in risky sectors can be identified. This gives an overview of (future) regulatory,reputational and financial (as investors move out of assets with high biodiversity impacts just like they have started moving out of fossil fuels) risks.

Other risk and opportunities analysis is rather included in the qualitative step of the assessment and not done automatically.

LIFE

X x X x

LIFE Key tool allows translate biodiversity performance outcomes to risk levels through the minimum performance metric developed by LIFE Methodology.

STAR

X X X X X

(16)

16

Business applications

Public policy Changes in values of STAR metric translate to changes in risk of species extinction- ex-ante baseline value equates to opportunity or risk, ex-post value relates to

delivery