DARI
BASIC COURSE
SEMESTER 1 Lessons 25-28
STUDENT COPY
VALIDATION EDITION 2005
DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER
SEMESTER 1 Lessons 25-28
June 2005
Permission to use text and/or graphic images in this Dari language course has been received from the following copyright holders:
Luke Powell (photographs from www.lukepowell.com) Rahmatullah Omid (photographs from personal collection) Homayoun Seddiq (photographs from personal collection) Wida Ahmad (photographs from personal collection) Najib Rezai (photographs from personal collection) Kiyoshi Inoue (photographs from www.flyingkong.com)
AGSL American Geographical Society Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries (photographs from the Harrison Forman collection)
ASC (photographs from www.photoarchive.saudiaramcoworld.com,
courtesy of Saudi Aramco World / PADIA / Aramco Services Corporation) UNESCO (photographs from www.unesco.org/photobank)
UNEP (photographs from http://postconflict.unep.ch/afg_new.htm.) Robert W. Kranz (photographs from www.war-correspondent.com) Keith Cook (photographs from www.themenupage.com.)
Mustafa Rasuli (photographs from www.rasuli.com) John Patton (photographs from
http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/ekawasa/JohnPattenGraphics/index.html) Dominic Medley/Jude Barrand (photos from Kabul: The Bradt Mini Guide - The Survival
Guide to Kabul www.kabulguide.net.)
Gary W. Bowersox “The Gem Hunter,” President GeoVision, Inc., PO Box 89646, Honolulu, HI 96830, 808 277-2543, MrGary77@aol.com (photos from http://www.gems-afghan.com)
Shahab Azim (photographs from www.aghansite.com)
Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D. (photographs from personal collection and from www.afghan.smugmug.com)
Rosemary Stasek (photos from www.stasek.com/afghanistan)
Kerry Saner (photographs from http://www.irss-usa.org/pages/KabulPhotos/Page1.html) Farhad Darya (photograph from www.farhaddarya.info)
Christina Manuel (photographs from personal collection) Crown Copyright/MOD (photographs from
http://www.operations.mod.uk/fingal/fimages) John Pike (photographs and maps from
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/index.html)
Moumina Dorgabekova: “Pharmacy in Afghanistan” Boston: Management Sciences for Health Aseem Koshan (excerpts from Omaid Weekly newspaper)
Ryan Azimi (excerpts from Afghan-Iranian Yellow Pages of Northern California) Nick Noori (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages by N&N Express)
Shahbaz Taheri (excerpts from Northern California Iranian Yellow Pages by Pezhvac Corp.) Ali Parvin (excerpts from TASVIR Persian American Yellow Pages)
Assad Manely (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages of California by Ariana Advertising)
License was obtained from Nova Development Corporation (Nova) to reproduce digital images of clipart and photos from Art Explosion CD ROMs.
Photos from www.savethechildren.org.uk are used in accordance with the copyright owner’s specified restrictions, as posted on the website.
Photos from www.usinfo.state.gov and www.usaid.gov are used in accordance with guidelines provided by FirstGov@mail.fedinfo.gov on “public domain.” Additional photos were obtained from:
www.defenselink.mil www.usmc.mil www.navy.mil
www.dodmedia.osd.mil www.defendamerica.mil
Other images are courtesy of royalty-free Stock Exchange (www.sxc.hu), MorgueFile (www.morguefile.com) and Pixelquelle (www.pixelquelle.de); no permission or photo credits are required.
Permission to use copyrighted material was granted on the condition that it be used exclusively for nonprofit educational purposes. Further reproduction is unauthorized.
Cover photograph by Luke Powell.
Lesson 25: Renting a Car...1 Conditional tense ‘if…’; respectful titles ﺎﻗﺁ ‘Mr.’ and ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ‘Ms.’
Lesson 26: A Holiday Celebration...19 Adjectives with the suffix ﻪﻧا /aa-na/; comparison of ﻦﺘﺷاد شﻮﺧ and نﺪﻣﺁ شﻮﺧ
‘to like’; usage of ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺪﺼﻗ ‘to intend’
Lesson 27: Farming...39 Past progressive tense; “not only … but also …”; adjectives used as adverbs;
counters used with nouns
Lesson 28: A New Face in Town...59 Sentences with multiple clauses and phrases; expressing name and age in Dari; usage of ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ‘although’
Review 25-28...77 Glossary...79
GLOSSARY
ﯽﻤﮐ
a little / a bitﻩرﺎﺑرد = ]
ءدرﻮﻡرد = ] [
ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟار
[
aboutدرد
ache / painسردﺁ
addressلﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ
= ] لﺎﺱ نﻼﮐ
[
adult / grown upنﻼﻋا
advertisement / announcementزا ﺪﻌﺑ = ] ﺪﻌﺑ = ] [ زا ﺲﭘ
[
afterﺮﻬﻇزا ﺪﻌﺑ )
ﺖﺷﺎﭼزا ﺪﻌﺑ ) (
ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘزا ﺪﻌﺑ
(
afternoonﻦﺱ = ] لﺎﺱو ﻦﺱ
[
ageﯽﺘﻋارز
agriculturalﺖﻋارز
agricultureﻦﺸیﺪﻨﮐﺮیا
air conditioningﯽیاﻮه ناﺪﻴﻡ
airportﻪﻤه
= ] مﺎﻤﺕ = ] [
ًﺎﻡﺎﻤﺕ
[
all / everyﯽﮕﻤه = ]
ًﺎﻡﺎﻤﺕ ) [ ﯽﮕﻠُﮐ
(
all / exclusively / entirelyﯽﻡادﺎﺑ ﻞﻘُﻥ )
ﻞﻘُﻥ
(
almond candyﻪﭼﺮﮔا = ]
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﻥﺁ = ] [ ﻪﮑﻨیا ﺎﺑ = ] [
ﺪﻨﭼﺮه
[
although / even thoughﻪﺸﻴﻤه )
ماﺪﻡ ) ( ﻢیاد
(
alwaysﺲﻥﻻﻮﺒﻡا
ambulanceﯽیﺎﮑیﺮﻡا
American (nationality)ﺎﮑیﺮﻡا ترﺎﻔﺱ
American Embassyو
andﺮﮕید ﯽﮑی )
ﻪﮔِد ﯽﮑی
(
anotherشوﺮﻓ ﮏﻴﺘﻥا
antique sellerﯽﺷوﺮﻓ ﮏﻴﺘﻥا
antique shopماﺪﮐ
anyﺐﻴﺱ
appleء
ﻩﺪﻋو تﺎﻗﻼﻡ = ]
تﺎﻗﻼﻡراﺮﻗ
[
appointmentًﺎﺒیﺮﻘﺕ
approximatelyوزﺎﺑ
armﻢﺱر
artِﺚﻴﺣ ﻪﺑ = ]
ﻪﺑﺎﺜﻡ ﻪﺑ
[
ء as / in the capacity ofﻪﻔﻴﻇو )
رﺎﮐ
(
assignment / duty / taskرد ) ﻩد
(
at / inﻪﻝﺎﺧ
aunt (maternal)ﻪﻤﻋ
aunt (paternal)ﺘﺱﺁ
ﯽیﺎﻴﻝاﺮ
Australian (nationality)تﺎﻡﻮﺕا
automatic (transmission)ﻞﻔﻃ ) ﮏُﺘﺷُا
(
babyﺪﺑ
badاﻮﻥﺎﻥ ) ﯼاﻮﻥﺎﻥ
(
bakerﯽیاﻮﻥﺎﻥ
bakeryنﺎﻴﻡﺎﺑ
Bamyanﮏﻥﺎﺑ
bankﮏﻥﺎﺑﺮیﺪﻡ
bank managerﮎَرﺎﺑ
barracksﻞﺻﺎﺤﻴﺑ
) ﻩرﺎﺧ
(
barrenﻪﻠﺸﻗ
base (military)بﺎﻨﺸﺕ
bathroom / restroomﺶیر
beardلﻮﺒﻘﻡ
= ] ﮓﻨﺸﻗ = ] [ ﺎﺒیز
[
beautiful / prettyاﺮیز = ] ﻪﮑﻥﻮﭼ = ][
ﻪﮐ ﯼﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ = ][
ﯼاﺮﺑ
ﻪﮑﻨیا [
because
باﻮﺧ قﺎﺕا )
ﻮَﺧ قﺎﺕا
(
bedroomزا ﺶﻴﭘ = ]
زا ﻞﺒﻗ
[
beforeﻤیﺮﮐ
ﯽ
beigeتﻮﺕ
berryﻩوﻼﻋﺮﺑ
= ]
ًﺎﺕوﻼﻋ
[
besides / in additionﻞﮑﺴیﺎﺑ
bicycleنﻼﮐ
= ] گرﺰﺑ
[
big / largeﺪﻝﻮﺕ = ] تدﻻو
[
birthﺪﻝﻮﺕزور = ]
ﻩﺮﮕﻝﺎﺱ ﺪﻝﻮﺕ
ء= ] [ ﻩﺮﮕﻝﺎﺱ
[
birthdayﻩﺎﻴﺱ
blackﯼﺰیر نﻮﺧ
bleedingﯽﺑﺁ
blueنﺪﺑ
= ] ﻢﺴﺟ = ] [ دﻮﺟو ) [ نﺎﺟ
(
bodyبﺎﺘﮐ
bookﻞﺕﻮﺑ
bottleﻪﺘﺱد
bouquetﮏﻴﺕﻮﺑ
= ] نﺎﮐد
[
boutiqueﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻥ = ]
نﺎﻥ
[
breadسوﺮﻋ
brideﻞﭘ
bridgeﻪﻥﺎﺷرﺎﭼ
broad-shoulderedباﺮﺧ
broken / out of orderرداﺮﺑ
brotherراﻮﺼﻥ
ﯼ
brownترﺎﻤﻋ = ]
ﺮﻴﻤﻌﺕ
=][
نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺱ
[
buildingﺲﺑ = ] ﺲیوﺮﺱ
[
busترﺎﺠﺕ = ]
ﺲِﻥﺰِﺑ
[
businessﻪﻡﺎﻥزاﻮﺟ ﯽﺕرﺎﺠﺕ
ء= ] ﯽﺕرﺎﺠﺕزاﻮﺟ
[
business licenseﺮﺟﺎﺕ
businesspersonﯽﻝو = ] ﺎﻡا = ] [ ﺮﮕﻡ
[
butبﺎﺼﻗ
butcherﯽﺑﺎﺼﻗ
butcher shop / butcheringغود
buttermilkﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘزا
by،ﯽﺘﺱار
...
By the way, …ﯽﻓﺎﮐ
caféﺮﺘﺷ
camel؟ﻦﻴﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻩر ﻪﻡ ﻦﻴﻥﺎﺕ ﯽﻡ
Can you help me?ﺮﺕﻮﻡ
carﻦﻴﻝﺎﻗ
carpet / rugﻪﻠﮔ
cattleﯽﺒﻴﺟ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺕ
cellular phoneﺰﮐﺮﻡ
centerداﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻥﺎﺱ
centigradeﻪﻥﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ
ﯼﺰﮐﺮﻡ
ء central hospitalﻢﺱاﺮﻡ
ceremony / festivityﯽﮐﻮﭼ
chairنازرا
cheapغﺮﻡ
chickenﺪﻥزﺮﻓ
) دﻻوا
(
childﻞﻔﻃ
child / babyﺖﻴﻠﮐﺎﭼ
chocolateتﺮﮕﺱ
cigarettesﺎﻤﻨﻴﺱ
cinema / theaterﺮﻬﺷ
cityﻒﻨﺻ
class / gradeﻒﻨﺼﻤه )
ﯽﻔﻨﺼﻤه
(
classmateﮎﺎﭘ
cleanﻢﻴﻠﻗا
climateﻪﺘﺴﺑ
closedسﺎﺒﻝ
) ﻻﺎﮐ (
clothes / outfit
ﯼﺮﺑا = ] دﻮﻝﺁﺮﺑا
[
cloudyدﺮﺱ ) ﺦی
(
cold (temperature)ﮕﻥر
ﻦﻴ
colorfulﻦﻴیﺎﻴﺑ نورد
.
Come in.ﺪﻥﺎﻡﻮﻗ
نا
commander / leaderﯽﻝﻮﺕ
companyﺮﺕﻮﻴﭙﻤﮐ
computerﺮﺕﻮﻴﭙﻤﮐ قﺎﺕا
computer labﺖﻴﻠﺴﺕ
condolenceﻪﺷﺎﺑ ﮎرﺎﺒﻡ = ] !
ﮏیﺮﺒﺕ
[!
Congratulations!دادراﺮﻗ
contract / written agreementﺰﭙﺷﺁ
cookﻪﭽﻠﮐ
cookiesﯼراﻮﺟ
cornراﻮﺟ ﯼ ﻪﻥاد
ﻩﺪﺸﻥ
corn on the cobسرﻮﮐ
course / classرﺎﮑﻤه
coworkerتﻼﺻﺎﺣ
cropsﻢﺣدﺰﻡ )
رﺎﺑوﺮﻴﺑ
(
crowded / busyﯽﮕﻨهﺮﻓﺰﮐﺮﻡ
Cultural Centerﮎﺎﻥﺮﻄﺧ
dangerousﯼرد
Dariﮏیرﺎﺕ
= ] ﻩﺮﻴﺕ
[
dark (color)ﺦیرﺎﺕ
dateﺮﺘﺧد
daughter / girlزور
dayتﻮﻓ = ] تﺎﻓو = ] [ گﺮﻡ
[
deathًﺎﻤﺘﺣ ) ﯽﻤﺘﺣ
(
definitely / by all meansﻪﺟرد
degree(s)ﻩﺰﻡ شﻮﺧ
) راد ﻩﺰﻡ
(
deliciousناﺪﻥدﺮﺘﮐاد
dentistﺖﺷد
desertلﺰید
dieselﻞﮑﺸﻡ
= ] راﻮﺷد = ] [ ﺖﺨﺱ
[
difficult / hardﯼرﻮﺨﻥﺎﻥ قﺎﺕا = ]
ﯼرﻮﺧ مﺎﻌﻃ قﺎﺕا ) [
نﺎﻥ قﺎﺕا
(
dining roomتﺎﻡﻮﻠﭙید
diplomatﺮیﺪﻡ
director / managerﻪﻡﺎﺧ ﻩار
dirt roadخﺮﭼﺮﺱ
dizzyﺮﺘﮐاد
doctorﮓﺱ
dogﺮﻝاد
dollarﺮﺧ
= ] ﺐﮐﺮﻡ
[
donkeyﯼﺮﻔﻥود
double (occupancy)ﺰﻴﻠهدﺮﺧﺁرد
down the hallwayء
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻴیﺎﭘ = ] ﻦﻴیﺎﭘ لﺰﻨﻡ ) [
نﺎیﺎﭘ لﺰﻨﻡ
(
downstairsمﺎﻈﻥ ﻊﻤﺟ = ]
ﻖﺸﻡ
[
drillﻩﺪﻨﻥار )
رﻮیرد ) ( ﻮﻡ ناوﺮﺕ
(
driverﺮه
each / everyﺮﮕیﺪﻤه = ]
ﺮﮕیﺪﮑی
[
each other / one anotherشﻮﮔ
earدوز ) ﺖﺧو
(
earlyقﺮﺷ
eastنﺎﺱﺁ = ] ﻞﻬﺱ
[
easyﻩدﺮﮑﻠﻴﺼﺤﺕ
educatedﺪﻴﻋ
Eidﯼﺪﻴﻋ
Eid moneyﻞﻔیا جﺮﺑ
Eiffel Towerترﺎﻔﺱ
embassyﯽﻝﺎﺧ
empty / vacantﯼدﺰﻡﺎﻥ )
اﺰﻡﺎﻥ ﯼد
(
engagementﻦﻴﺷﺎﻡ = ]
ﻦﺠﻥا
[
engineنﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻥا = ]
ﺎﻴﻥﺎﺘیﺮﺑ
[
England / U. K.ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻥا
Englishﯽﻓﺎﮐ
) ﺲﺑ
(
enoughمﺎﺷ
eveningﺐﺷ نﺎﻥ
= ] ﺐﺷ مﺎﻌﻃ ) [
ﻮَﺷ نﺎﻥ
(
evening meal (dinner)ﺲﮐﺮه = ]
ﺲﮐ ﻪﻤه
[
everybody / everyoneﺎﺟﺮه = ] ﺎﺟ ﻪﻤه
[
everywhere / every placeﺪﻴﺸﺨﺒﺑ ) .
ﻦﻴﺸﺨﺒﺑ
(
Excuse me.ﺖﻤﻴﻗ = ] ناﺮﮔ
[
expensiveﻪﺑﺮﺠﺕ ﺎﺑ = ]
بﺮﺠﻡ
[
experiencedﻢﺸﭼ
eyeﮏﻨﻴﻋ
eyeglassesناﺰﺧ
fall / autumnﻞﻴﻡﺎﻓ = ] ﻩداﻮﻥﺎﺧ
[
familyفوﺮﻌﻡ = ]
رﻮﻬﺸﻡ
[
famousرود
farنﺎﻘهد
farmerﯽﻥﺎﻘهد
farmingﻊیﺮﺱ = ] ﺪﻨﺕ ) [ ﺰﻴﺕ
(
fast (adjective)ﺖﻋﺮﺱ ﻪﺑ )
ﺰﻴﺕ
(
fast (adverb)قﺎﭼ = ] ﻪﺑﺮﻓ
[
fatرﺪﭘ
fatherﺰﻴﺨﻠﺻﺎﺣ
fertileﺖﺸﮕﻥا )
ﮏﻠﮐ
(
fingerًﻻوا ) لوا
(
first / firstlyﻪﻘﺒﻃ ) لﺰﻨﻡ
(
floorشوﺮﻓ ﻞﮔ
floristﻞﮔ
flowerﯽﺷوﺮﻓ ﻞﮔ
flower shopاﺬﻏ ) نﺎﻥ
(
foodﺎﭘ ) ﯼﺎﭘ
(
footﯼاﺮﺑ ) ﺑ ﯼﺮ
(
forﻪﺠﻨﭘ
forkﯽی ﻩزاوردرﺎﻬﭼﺮﺕﻮﻡ
four-door carﻪﺴﻥاﺮﻓ
Franceﯼﻮﺴﻥاﺮﻓ
French (nationality / language)ﻩزﺎﺕ
freshﻪﻌﻤﺟ
Fridayنﺎیﺮﺑ غﺮﻡ
fried chickenﺖﺱود = ]
ﻖﻴﻓر
[
friendزا
fromﻩﻮﻴﻡ
fruitﺮُﭘ
fullﻩزﺎﻨﺟ
funeralﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ ﺎﺑ
furnishedﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓ = ]
ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ
[
furnitureجاﺮﮔ
garageﺰیدﺮﮔ
Gardezﻪﻨﻠﻴﮔ
gas canﻞﻴﺕ ﮏﻥﺎﺕ
gas stationﯽﮑﻥﺎﺕ
gas tankلوﺮﺘﭘ
= ] ﻞﻴﺕ
[
gasolineﻪﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ
geographyﯽﻥﺎﻤﻝﺁ
Germanنﺎﻤﻝﺁ
= ] ﯽﻨﻡﺮﺟ
[
Germanyﻮﺷرﺎﻴﺕ
!
Get ready!سﻼﻴﮔ
glassﺶﮑﺘﺱد
gloveبﻮﺧ
good / fine / niceﻆﻓﺎﺣ اﺪﺧ ) .
اﺪﺧ نﺎﻡا ﻪﺑ
(.
Good-bye.ﯽﮕﻨﺕ
gorgeرﻮﻡﺎﻡ
government employeeﯽﻝاو
governorنﻼﮐرﺪﭘ
grandfatherنﻼﮐردﺎﻡ
grandmotherرﻮﮕﻥا
grapeﺰﺒﺱ
greenدﺎﻡاد
groomنﺎﻤﻬﻡ
guestﺎﻤﻨهر
guideﻮﻡ
) ﯼﻮﻡ
(
hairﻢﻴﻥ
halfﺰﻴﻠهد
hallway / corridorﺪﻴﻤﺣ
Hamid (male name)ﺖﺱَد ) ﺖﺱِد
(
handﻪﻓﺎﻴﻗ شﻮﺧ
handsomeلﺎﺤﺷﻮﺧ
= ] شﻮﺧ
[
happyوا
he / she / itﺮﺱ
headﯽﺤﺻ ﮏﻴﻨﻴﻠﮐ
health clinicﺪﻗ = ] ﺖﻡﺎﻗ
[
heightﯽﻠﺑ = ] ﻮﻝا
[
Hello! (telephone call)ﮏﻤﮐ
helpﻦﻴﻨﮐ نﺎﺟ شﻮﻥ
.
Help yourself. / Eat heartily.تاﺮه
Heratﺎﺠﻨیا
) ﻪﺠﻨیا
(
hereﺪﻨﻠﺑ
highﺦیرﺎﺕ
historyﯽﺘﺼﺧر
= ] ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺕ
[
holiday / vacation / leaveﭗﺱا
horseﻪﻥﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ
hospitalغاد = ] نازﻮﺱ
[
hot / burning (temperature)ﺪﻨُﺕ
hot / spicy (taste)ﺖﻋﺎﺱ
hourﯽﺱرد ﺖﻋﺎﺱ = ]
ﺖﻋﺎﺱ
[
hour / periodﻪﻥﺎﺧ
house / homeﻪﻥﺎﺨﻤه
housemateرﻮَﻄﭼ
؟ ) رﻮﻄﭼ ؟ / ﻮﻄﭼ
؟
(
How?...
؟رﻮﻄﭼ
How about…?؟ﯽﺘﺱارﻮﻄِﭼ
How are you?لﻮﺒﻘﻡ ﯽﭼ
!
How beautiful!؟تﺪﻡ ﻪﭼ = ]
؟ﺖﻗورﺪﻘﭼ ) [
ﻪﻘﭼ و ﺧ
؟ﺖ
(
How long?ﺪﻨﭼ
؟ = ] ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻥاد
؟ ) [ ﺎﺕ ﺪﻨﭼ
؟
(
How many?/ How many pieces?ﻘﭼ رﺪ
؟ ) ﭼ ﻪﻘ
؟
(
How much?ﻪﻨﺱﺮﮔ )
ﻪﻨﺸُﮔ
(
hungryﺮهﻮﺷ )
ﯼﻮﺷ
(
husbandﻦﻡ ) ﻪﻡ
(
Iﻢﺘﺱا فوﺮﺼﻡ = ] .
ﻢﺘﺱا لﻮﻐﺸﻡ ) [.
مرادرﺎﮐ
(
I am busy.ﻢﺘﺱا بﻮﺧ
.
I am fine.ﺖیﻮه ترﺎﮐ
ID cardﺮﮔا
) ﻪﮔا
(
if / in caseﯽﻀیﺮﻡ
illnessﻢﻬﻡ
importantرد
) ﻩد
(
in / atﯼور ﺶﻴﭘ = ]
ﺮﺑور ﯼو
[
in front ofﯼاﺮﺑ = ] ﻪﮑﻥﺁ ﯼاﺮﺑ
[
in order toﻞﻡﺎﺷ
includedنﺎﺘﺱوﺪﻨه
= ] ﺪﻨه
[
Indiaﯽﻤﺧز = ]
حوﺮﺠﻡ
[
injuredﻪﻥﺎﺧ نﺎﻤﻬﻡ
inn / guest houseﻞﺧاد ) نورد
(
insideضﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ )
ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ
(
instead ofﻪﻤﻴﺑ
insuranceﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻤﻴﺑ
) ﯽﮔﺪﺷ ﻪﻤﻴﺑ
(
insuredﻥﺎﮐﺮﺘﻥا ﻞﺕﻮه
ﻞﺘﻨﻥ ﯽﺘ
Intercontinental Hotelﺐﻝﺎﺟ = ] ﭗﺴﭽﻝد
[
interestingﺖﻥﺮﺘﻥا
internetﺖﻥﺮﺘﻥا ﯽﻃﺎﺒﺕرا ﻦﻴﻝ
internet connectionﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻡ
interviewناﺮیا
Iranﯽﻥاﺮیا
Iranian (nationality)ﯼرﺎﻴﺑﺁ
irrigation؟ﻦﺘﺱا بﻮﺧ ﯽﮕﻤه
Is everybody fine?ﺖﺴﻴﻥ ) ﺲﻴﻥ
(
is notﻼﺱا
دﺎﺑﺁ م
Islamabadﺪﻨﮑﻴﻤﻥ قﺮﻓ
. ) ﻪﻨﮑﻴﻤﻥ قﺮﻓ =
ﻩراﺪﻥ اوﺮﭘ
(
It does not matter.ﻩراﺪﻥ نﺎﮑﻡا
.
It is not possible.ﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﯽﻡ لﻮﺒﻘﻡ ﺎﻤﺷ ﯼﺎﻬﻤﺸﭼ
.
It seems beautiful in your eyes.ﺖﺱﺎﻤﺷ ﻒﻄﻝ = ] .
ﯽﻥﺎﺑﺮﻬﻡ ﺖﺱﺎﻤﺷ
[.
) -- سﺎﻤﺷ (
It’s kind of you. / It is nice of you.
یا
ﺎﻴﻝﺎﺘ
Italyدﺎﺑﺁ لﻼﺟ
Jalalabadﯽﻥﺎﭘﺎﺟ
Japanese (nationality/language)ﭗﻴﺟ = ] ﭗﻴﺟﺮﺕﻮﻡ
[
jeepﺖﺴﻝﺎﻥروژ
journalistﺖﺑﺮﺷ
juiceبﺎﺒﮐ
kabobﻞﺑﺎﮐ
Kabulﻪﺕرﺎﮐ
ﻪﺱ
ء Karta-e-Sey (a district)ﺪﻝﺎﺧ
Khaled (male name)ﮎدﻮﮐ )
ﻪﭼﻮﭼ
(
kid / youngsterﻮﻠﻴﮐ = ] ماﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﮐ [
kilogram
ﻢﺴﻗ = ] عﻮﻥ
[
kind / typeﻪﻥﺎﺧﺰﭙﺷﺁ )
ﻪﻥﺎﺧرﺎﮐ
(
kitchenدرﺎﮐ
knifeﺮﮔرﺎﮐ
laborer / workerﻦﻴﻡز
land / acreageنﺎﺑَز = ] نﺎﺴﻝ ) [ نﺎﺑُز
(
languageﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ
last / pastﺐﺸید = ] ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺐﺷ ) [
ﻮَﺸید
(
last nightﺮید ) ﺖﺧوﺎﻥ
(
lateًاﺪﻌﺑ
=]
ﺮﺕ ﺪﻌﺑ =][
نﺁزا ﺪﻌﺑ =][
نﺁزا ﺲﭘ )[
نﺎﺴﭘ /
ﺮﺘﻥﺎﺴﭘ (
later / afterwards
ﻦﻤﭼ
lawnﭗﭼ فﺮﻃ
) ﭗﭼ ﺖﺱد
(
left sideﺎﭘ ) ﯼﺎﭘ
(
legسرد
lessonﻢیﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻴﺑ
!
Let’s go!ﻪﻥﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ
libraryﯽﮔﺪﻥز
lifeﻦﺷور = ]
ﮓﻥر ﻢﮐ
[
light (color)ﻢﮐ
little (amount)نﻮﻝﺎﺱ = ]
ﻦﻤﻴﺸﻥ قﺎﺕا
[
living roomنﺪﻨﻝ
Londonزارد
longدﺮﻡ
manرازﺎﺑ
marketﻞهﺄﺘﻡ
marriedﯽﺽﺎیر
mathematicsﺪیﺎﺷ = ] ﺖﺱا ﻦﮑﻤﻡ
[
may / might / maybe / perhapsﻪﻨﮐ ﺖﻤﺣر اﺪﺧ = ] !
ﻩزﺮﻡﺂﻴﺑ اﺪﺧ
[!
May God forgive (the deceased)!ﷲاﺎﺷﺎﻡ = ]!
ﻪﺸﻥﺮﻈﻥ [!
=]
ﻨﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻥﺪﺑﺮﻈﻥ زااﺪﺧ ﻪ
) [!
اﺪﺧ مﺎﻥ (
May God protect (…) from the evil eye!
اﺪﺧ ...
ﻪﻨﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻥ ﻩر
!
May God save (…)!ﻪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺷﺮﺱ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز
!
May you continue to live!ﻦﻴﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻥز
!
May you live long! / Thank you!لاورﺎﺷ
mayorﻒیﺮﺷراﺰﻡ
Mazar-e-Sharifﺖﺷﻮﮔ
meatﯼﺮﺘﺴﻡ
= ] ﮏﻴﻥﺎﺨﻴﻡ
[
mechanicاود
medicine / medicationتﺎﻗﻼﻡ
meetingﻩزﻮﺑﺮﺧ
melonﻮﻀﻋ
memberﺖیﻮﻀﻋ
membershipﺖیﻮﻀﻋ ترﺎﮐ
membership cardﻮﻨﻴﻡ = ] اﺬﻏ ﺖﺴﻝ
[
menuﻪﻥﺎﺨﻡﺎﻌﻃ
mess hallﺮﻬﻇ
) ﺖﺷﺎﭼ
(
midday / noonلﺪﺘﻌﻡ
mildﯼﺮﮑﺴﻋ
= ] ﯽﻡﺎﻈﻥ
[
militaryﻪﻘﻴﻗد
minuteﻪﺒﻨﺷود
Mondayلﻮﭘ ) ﻪﺴﻴﭘ
(
moneyﻩﺎﻡ
monthﺢﺒﺻ
morningﺢﺒﺻ ﯼﺎﭼ
= ] ﺎﺘﺷﺎﻥ
[
morning meal (breakfast)ﻮﮑﺱﺎﻡ
Moscowﺪﺠﺴﻡ
mosqueردﺎﻡ
motherﻞﮑﻴﺱﺮﺕﻮﻡ
motorcycleﻩﻮﮐ
mountainﻞﺕﻮﮐ
mountain passﻢﻠﻓ
movieﺎﻗﺁ
Mr.ﻢﻥﺎﺧ
Ms.دﺎیز = ] رﺎﻴﺴﺑ
[
much / many / a lotء
ﻪﻥﺎﺧ
ﯽﻠﮔ
mud houseﻼﻡ
Muslim clergymanﺪیﺎﺑ = ] ﺖﺴیﺎﺑ
[
must / should / ought toﺪﻴهﺎﻥ
Nahid (female name)مﺎﻥ = ] ﻢﺱا
[
nameﯼﺬﻏﺎﮐ لﺎﻤﺘﺱد
napkinﮏیرﺎﺑ
= ] ﮓﻨﺕ = ] [ ضﺮﻌﻤﮐ ) [
ﺮﺒﻤﮐ
(
narrowﻪﻤﻴﺴﻥ
Nasima (female name)ﯼزﺎﻥ
Nazi (female name)دﺰَﻥ ﮏی ) ﮏیدﺰِﻥ
(
near / closeﻪیﺎﺴﻤه
neighborﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه = ]
ﺰﮔﺮه
[
neverﻮﻥ
newﺪیﺪﺟ ﯽﻠهد
= ] ﻮﻥ ﯽﻠهد
[
New Delhiزورﻮﻥ = ]
ﻮﻥ لﺎﺱ
[
New Year’s Dayدازﻮﻥ
newbornﻪﻡﺎﻥزور
) رﺎﺒﺧا
(
newspaperﻩﺪﻨیﺁ = ] ﯼﺪﻌﺑ
[
next / future / the followingﻮﻠﻬﭘ قﺎﺕا
next doorﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘ
= ]
ِرﺎﻨﮐ
[
next toﺐﺷ
nightﻪﻥ
) ﯽﻥ
(
noﺖﺷﺎﭼ نﺎﻥ = ]
ﺖﺷﺎﭼ مﺎﻌﻃ
[
noon meal (lunch)لﺎﻤﺷ
northﯽﻨﻴﺑ
noseﻪﭽﺑﺎﺘﮐ
notebookﻻﺎﺣ = ] نﻮﻨﮐا ) [ ﯽﻝﺎﺣ
(
nowﺎﺟ ﭻﻴه
nowhereﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ
) ﺖﺧﺮﮐ
(
numbﻩﺮﻤﻥ = ] ﻩرﺎﻤﺷ
[
numberﺖﻋﺎﺱ )
ﻪﺠﺑ
(
o’clock / hourﻓد ﺮﺘ = ] ﻩرادا
[
officeﺮﺴﻓا = ] ﺐﺼﻨﻤﺒﺣﺎﺻ ) [
راﺪﺒﺼﻨﻡ
(
officerًاﺮﺜﮐا = ] تﺎﻗواﺮﺜﮐا ) [
ﺎه ﺖﺧو ﯼرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
(
oftenﻪﻨﻬﮐ
oldﺮﻴﭘ = ] ﻩدرﻮﺨﻝﺎﺱ = ] [
ﻦﺴﻡ
[
old (age)ﯼﻻﺎﺑ = ] ﯼور ) [
ِﺮﺱ
(
onزا ﯽﮑی
one ofزﺎﻴﭘ
onionﺎﻬﻨﺕ
= ] فﺮﺻ = ] [
ﻂﻘﻓ
[
only / justزﺎﺑ ) زاو
(
openﺎی
orﻪﻥﺎﺧ ﻢﻴﺘی
orphanageﻪﻥﺎﺧ ﻢﻴﺘیﺮیﺪﻡ
orphanage directorﺮﮕید ) ﻪﮔِد
(
otherجرﺎﺧ ) نوﺮﻴﺑ
(
outsideﯽی ﻪﺒﻠﻗوﺎﮔ )
ﻮﮔ ﻪﺒﻝﻮﻗ
(
oxﻩﺪﺷ ﮓﻥر
paintedﺬﻏﺎﮐ
paperﻦیﺪﻝاو
= ] ردﺎﻡورﺪﭘ
[
parentsﺲیرﺎﭘ
Parisﮎرﺎﭘ
parkﯼﺎﺟ
ﮓﻨﮐرﺎﭘ
parking space / parking lotﻮﺘﺸﭘ
Pashtoشوﺮﻓ ﻪﭽﻠﮐ
pastry sellerﯽﺷوﺮﻓ ﻪﭽﻠﮐ
pastry shopﻢﻠﻗ
penﻞﺴﻨﭘ
pencilمدﺮﻡ
peopleچﺮﻡ
pepperﺐﺷ ﯽﻓ
= ] ﯽﺒﺷ ) [
ِﻮَﺷ
(
per nightتﺪﻡ
period / durationﺺﺨﺷ = ]
ﺮﻔﻥ ) [ مدﺁ
(
personﻪﻥﺎﺨﺱﺎﮑﻋ = ]
ﯽﺱﺎﮑﻋ ﯼﻮیﺪﺘﺱ
[
photo studio / photo labﻮﻓ ﺰﮐﺮﻡ
ﯽﭘﺎﮐﻮﺕ
photocopy centerسﺎﮑﻋ
photographerﭗﮑﻴﭘﺮﺕﻮﻡ
pickup truckﻪﻠﻴﻡ
picnicﺲﮑﻋ
picture / photographﻪﻥاد ) ﺎﺕ
(
piece (counter)ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
piece / plotﺖﺸﻝﺎﺑ
pillowﺎﺟ
) ﯼﺎﺟ
(
placeبﺎﻘﺸﺑ
plateﮎﻮﻠﺑ
platoonﺪﻴیﺎﻡﺮﻔﺑ
= ]
ًﺎﻔﻄﻝ [ ) ﻦﻴیﺎﻡﺮﻔﺑ
(
Please.بدﺆﻡ = ]
بدا ﺎﺑ
[
politeرﺎﻥا
pomegranateﺮﻴﻘﻓ = ] رادﺎﻥ ) [ ﺐیﺮﻏ
(
poorرﺎﻨﮐﻮﮐ = ]
شﺎﺨﺸﺧ = ] [
شﺎﺨﺷﺎﺧ
[
poppyﻮﻝﺎﭽﮐ
potatoقﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺑ
power damزﺎﻤﻥ
prayerﻪﻠﻡﺎﺣ
) راﺪﻤﮑﺷ
(
pregnantﻪﺨﺴﻥ
prescriptionنﻮیﺰیﻮﻠﺕوﻮیدار ﺲﻴﺋر
president of radio & TV stationﻦیاﺮﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ = ]
ًﻼﺒﻗ ) [ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﭘ
(
previously / prior to thisرﻮﺴﻴﻓوﺮﭘ = ]
دﺎﺘﺱا ) [ ﺮﺴﻴﻓوﺮﭘ
(
professorﯽﻡﻮﻤﻋ ﯽﺘﺼﺧر = ]
ﯽﻡﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺕ
[
public holidayدﺮﮔﺎﺷ
pupil / studentﺶﻔﻨﺑ
purpleلﻮﮑﺘﺱد
purseرﺎهﺪﻨﻗ
Qandaharﻮیدار
radioﯽﻥارﺎﺑ
rainyتﻼﻡﺎﻌﻡ ﯼﺎﻤﻨهر ﺮﺘﻓد
real estate officeﺮﺧاوا ﻦیارد = ]
ًاﺮﻴﺧا ) [ ﺎه ﺖﺧو ﯼا ﻩد
(
recentlyخﺮﺱ
redناﺪﻥوﺎﺸیﻮﺧ = ]
برﺎﻗا ) [ ﺶیﻮﺧو مﻮﻗ
(
relativesتﺎﻴﻨید
religionﻩﺪﺷ ﻩداد نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺱﺮﻴﻴﻐﺕ
= ] ﻩﺪﺷ حﻼﺻا
[
remodeledﻪیاﺮﮐ )
ﻩاﺮﮐ
(
rentﯽیاﺮﮐ
rental / for rentپﺎﺸﮐرو
repair shop / garageﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻡﺮﺕ
repairedرﺎﮕﻥﺮﺒﺧ
reporterنارﻮﺘﺱر
restaurantﺞﻥﺮﺑ
riceﻮﻠﭘَ
rice pilafﺞﻥﺮﺑﺮﻴﺷ
rice puddingراﺪﻝﻮﭘ = ] ﯽﻨﻏ
[
richﺖﺱار فﺮﻃ )
سار ﺖﺱد
(
right sideﺎیرد
riverقﺎﺕا
roomقﺎﺕا ﻢه
) ﯽﻗﺎﺕا ﻢه
(
roommateنﺎﻤﺴیر )
نﺎﭙﺴیر
(
ropeﻩﺪﻴﺱﻮﭘ
rottenور
ﻪﻴﺱ
Russiaشوﺮﻓ
saleﺢﻝﺎﺻ
Saleh (male name)ﮏﻤﻥ
saltرﻮﺷ
saltyﻪﺒﻨﺷ
Saturdayنﺎﺠﻥدﺎﺑ ﯽﻥاﺮُﺑ
) نﺎﺠﻥﺎﺑ ﯽﻥاﺮﺑ
(
sauteed eggplantﻥﻻﻮﺑ
ﯽ
savory pastry with delicious fillingﺐﺘﮑﻡ
schoolﺐﺘﮑﻡﺮیﺪﻡ
school principalﻞﺼﻓ = ] ﻢﺱﻮﻡ
[
seasonﺮﺕﺮﮑﺱ
secretaryﺮﺕﻮﻡ
= ] رﺎﺘﻓرﺰﻴﺕﺮﺕﻮﻡ
[
sedan / passenger carﻩﺪﻨﺷوﺮﻓ
seller / street vendorﻂﺑﺎﺽ درﻮﺧ = ]
ﯽﮔﺪیﺮﺑ
[
sergeantﻦﻴﮕﻨﺱ = ]
رﺎﻗو ﺎﺑ = ] [
ﺮﻗﺆﻡ
[
serious / dignifiedﻮﻥﺮﻬﺷ
Shahr-e-Nau (a district)ﻒیﺮﺷ
Sharif (male name)لﺎﺷ
shawlنﺎﺒﻨﺕو ﻦهاﺮﻴﭘ
shirt and trousersتﻮﺑ
shoeنﺎﮐد
= ] ﻩزﺎﻐﻡ
[
shop / storeﺪیﺮﺧ
shoppingﻩﺎﺕﻮﮐ
shortﻩﺎﺕﻮﮐ ﺪﻗ
= ] ﺪﻗ ﻩﺎﺕﻮﮐ ) [
ﭻﺨﭘ ﺪﻗ
(
short (height)روﺎﺷ
showerترﺎیز
= ] ﻩﺮﺒﻘﻡ
[
shrineﺾیﺮﻡ
sick (adjective) / patient (noun)ﻪﺣﻮﻝ
signزا
...
فﺮﻄﻨیا ﻪﺑ = ]
زا ...
ﻮﺴﻨیا ﻪﺑ ) [
ا ز ...
ﻩﺮﺘﻓ
(
since … (time)ﯽﻤﻴﻤﺻ
sincereناﻮﺧزاوﺁ
) ﻩﺪﻨﻥﺎﺧ
(
singerدﺮﺠﻡ
singleﯼﺮﻔﻨﮑی
single (occupancy)ﺮهاﻮﺧ
sisterﺮهﺎﻡ
) ﻖیﻻ
(
skillfulﺖﺱﻮﭘ = ]
ﺪﻠﺟ
[
skinﺮﻏﻻ
skinnyﻪﺘﺴهﺁ
) ﺎﺘﺱﺁ
(
slowﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ )
ﺎﺘﺱﺁ
(
slowlyدرﻮﺧ = ] ﮏﭼﻮﮐ
[
smallﻪﭽﻨﻴﻝﺎﻗ
small rugﻦﻴﺘﻥﺎﮐ
snack barﯽﻓﺮﺑ
snowyرﺪﻘﻥﺁ
= ] رﺪﻘﻨیا ) [ ﻪﻗوا / ﻪﻘیا
(
so / so much / that much / this muchباﺮﺟ
sock / stockingﮎﺎﺧ
soilزﺎﺑﺮﺱ ) ﺮﮑﺴﻋ
(
soldierﯽﻀﻌﺑ
someﯽﺴﮐ
someoneًﺎﻀﻌﺑ
= ] تﺎﻗوا ﯽﻀﻌﺑ = ] [
ﻩﺎﮕهﺎﮔ [
) ﺎﻬﺘﺧو ﯽﻀﻌﺑ (
sometimes
ﺮﺴﭘ ) ﻪﭽﺑ
(
son / boyﯼدوز ﻪﺑ = ]
ﺐیﺮﻘﻨﻋ ) [
دوز
(
soonﺎﺑرﻮﺷ )
اورﻮﺷ
(
soupبﻮﻨﺟ
southتﺎﻏﻮﺱ
souvenirﯽﻨﺒﺘﺷاﺮﻴﺕ
= ] ﻮﺘﻝﺎﻓﺮﻴﺕ
[
spare tireدﻮﺨﻥرﻮﺷ
ﻮﻝﺎﭽﮐو
spicy chickpea and potato saladﻩرﻮﮑﭘ
spicy fried potatoesﻖﺷﺎﻗ
spoonرﺎﻬﺑ
springﯽﮕﻝد
squadﺎه ﻪﻨیز
stairsﺮﻴﮔ
راد
stick shiftﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻡ = ]
ور ﻪﺑور
[
straightﮎﺮﺱ = ]
ﻩدﺎﺟ = ] [ ﻪﭼﻮﮐ
[
streetﯼﻮﻗ
strongنﻮﻤﻀﻡ
subjectﻩرﻮﺑ = ] ﺮﮑﺷ
[
sugarنﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺕ
summerﻪﺒﻨﺸﮑی
Sundayﯽﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ) ﯼﻮﺘﻓا
(
sunnyﯽﻥ اﺮﭼ
.
Sure. / With pleasure.ﻦیﺮﻴﺷ
sweetﯼزﺎﺒﺑﺁ ضﻮﺣ
) ﯼزﺎﺑوَا ضﻮﺣ
(
swimming poolﺰﻴﻡ
tableﻞﺤﻡ جﺎﺕ
Taj Mahalﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺪﻗ = ]
ﺪﻗ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ
[
tallﯽﺴﮑﺕ
taxiﯼﺎﭼ
teaﻪﻥﺎﺧ ﯼﺎﭼ
teahouseﻢﻠﻌﻡ
teacherنﻮﻔﻠﻴﺕ
telephoneنﻮیﺰیﻮﻠﺕ
televisionتراﺮﺣ )
ﯽﻡﺮﮔ
(
temperatureﺮﮑﺸﺕ
.
Thank you.نﺁ ) وا
(
thatﻪﮐ
that / who / whichنﺎﻤه ) ﻮﻤه
(
that same / that very sameﺲﭘ = ] ترﻮﺼﻥﺁرد ) [
ﯽﺧ
(
then / in that caseﺎﺠﻥﺁ ) ﻪﺠﻥوا
(
thereنﺁﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ = ]
ًءﺎﻨﺑ
[
thereforeﺎﻬﻨیا ) ﺎﻨیا
(
theseﺎﻬﻥﺁ ) ﺎﻬﻥوا / ﺎﻥوا
(
theyﻪﻨﺸﺕ ) ﻪﻨﺸُﺕ
(
thirstyﻦیا ) ﯼا
(
thisﻦﻴﻤه ) ﯽﻤه
(
this same / this very sameﺎﻬﻥﺁ ) ﺎﻬﻥوا ) ( ﺎﻥوا
(
thoseﻪﺒﻨﺸﺠﻨﭘ
Thursdayﺖﻗو
) ﺖﺧو
(
timeﺮﻴﺕ
tireﺮﻴﺕ ﮏﺟ
tire jackﻪﺑ
toِﺶﻴﭘ = ]
ِدﺰﻥ
[
to / before / nearﻦﺘﺱاﻮﺧ ترﺬﻌﻡ = ]
ﻦﺘﺱاﻮﺧرﺬﻋ / [
ﻩاﻮﺧ /
ﺖﺱاﻮﺧ
to apologizeنداد ﺐﻴﺕﺮﺕ /
ﻩد /
داد
to arrangeنﺪﻴﺱر /
سر /
ﺪﻴﺱر
to arriveندﺮﮐ لﺎﻐﺷا /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to assume / to occupyندﺮﮐ بﺎﺒﮐ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to barbequeندﻮﺑ / شﺎﺑ /
دﻮﺑ
to beﻦﺘﺴﻥاﻮﺕ /
ناﻮﺕ /
ﺖﺴﻥاﻮﺕ
to be able to / can (modal verb)ندﻮﺑ باﻮﺧ /
شﺎﺑ / دﻮﺑ ) ندﻮﺑ ﻮَﺧ
(
to be asleepنﺪﺷ اﺪﻴﭘ /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to be found / to be availableنﺪﻡﺁﺮید /
ﺁ / ﺪﻡﺁ = ] رﺮید نﺪﻴﺱ / سر / ﺪﻴﺱر
[
to be lateندﻮﺑ ﻊﻗاو /
شﺎﺑ / دﻮﺑ
= ] ﻦﺘﺷادراﺮﻗ /
راد / ﺖﺷاد [
to be located / to be situated
نﺪﺷ / ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to becomeﻦﺘﺷاد ﯼﺰیﺮﻥﻮﺧ /
راد /
ﺖﺷاد
to bleed / to be bleedingنﺪﺷ باﺮﺧ /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to break downنﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺲﻔﻥ /
ﺶﮐ /
ﺪﻴﺸﮐ
to breatheندروﺁ / ﺁ رو /
دروﺁ
to bringندروﺁ ﺲﭘ /
روﺁ /
دروﺁ
to bring back / to returnندﺮﮐ دﺎﺑﺁ ]
= ندﺮﮐرﺎﻤﻋا [
/
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to buildنﺪیﺮﺧ /
ﺮﺧ /
ﺪیﺮﺧ
to buyندﺮﮐ ﮎﺎﭘ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to cleanنﺪﻡﺁ / ﺁ /
ﺪﻡﺁ
to comeﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﮏیﺮﺒﺕ /
ﻮﮔ / ﺖﻔﮔ ) نداد ﯽﮑیﺮﺒﺕ /
ﻩد / داد
(
to congratulateرﺎﺒﻡ ﺪﻴﻋ
ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮐ
to congratulate someone on the occasion of Eidﻦﺘﺨُﭘ / ﺰَﭘ / ﺖﺨُﭘ ) ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺘﺨُﭘ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
(
to cookندﺮﮐ بﺎﺴﺣ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to countنﺪﻴﺼﻗر /
ﺺﻗر / ﺪﻴﺼﻗر )
نﺪﮐ ﺺﻗر
(
to danceندﺮﮐ / ﻦُﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to doندﺮﮐ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺕ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to do training / to undergo trainingﺱر ندﺮﮐ ﻢ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
) نﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﻢﺱر /
ﺶﮐ / ﺪﻴﺸﮐ (
to draw
نﺪﻴﺷﻮﻥ /
شﻮﻥ /
ﺪﻴﺷﻮﻥ
to drinkندروﺁ ﺖﺱﺪﺑ /
روﺁ / دروﺁ = ] ندﺮﮐ ﯽیﺎﻤﮐ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ [
to earn / to gain
ندرﻮﺧ = ]
ندرﻮﺧ اﺬﻏ ) [
ندرﻮﺧ نﺎﻥ /(
رﻮﺧ /
درﻮﺧ
to eat
ندﺮﮐ ﻪﻨیﺎﻌﻡ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to examineﻦﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو /
راد / ﺖﺷاد
] = ندﻮﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻡ /
شﺎﺑ / دﻮﺑ [
to exist / to be present / to be available
نداد ﺖﻴﻠﺴﺕ /
ﻩد / داد = ] ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﺖﻴﻠﺴﺕ /
ﻮﮔ / ﺖﻔﮔ
[
to express condolencesندﺮﮐ ﯽﻥﺎﻘهد /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to farm / to do farmingندﺮﮐ ﺲﺣ = ]
ندﺮﮐ سﺎﺴﺣا / [
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to feelندﺮﮐ اﺪﻴﭘ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ﺘﻓﺎی ﻦ / بﺎی / ﺖﻓﺎی
[
to findﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ لﺰید ﺎی لوﺮﺘﭘ /
ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ = ]
ﺎی لوﺮﺘﭘ
ﻦﺘﺧاﺪﻥا لﺰید /
زاﺪﻥا / ﺖﺧاﺪﻥا ) [
ﻦﺘﺧاﺪﻥا ﻞﻴﺕ /
زاﺪﻥا /
ﺖﺧاﺪﻥا (
to fuel / to take fuel / to put fuel into the gas tank
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ / ﺮﻴﮔ /
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
to get / to take (hold)نﺪﺷﺮﭽﻨﭘ /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to get punctured / to have a flat (tire)ﻦﺘﺱﺎﺧﺮﺑ /
ﺰﻴﺧﺮﺑ / ﺖﺱﺎﺧﺮﺑ )
ﻦﺘﺴﻴﺧ / ﺰﻴﺧ / ﺖﺴﻴﺧ
(
to get up / to riseنﺪﺷ بﻮﺧ )
نﺪﺷرﻮﺟ / (
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to get well / to recoverنداد / ﻩد /
داد
to giveﻦﺘﻓر / ور / ﺖﻓر
ﺎﺑ ...
ﻦﺘﻓر
ﻪﺑ ...
ﻦﺘﻓر
to go
to go by means of...
to go to...
ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺸﮐ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ﻦﺘﺷﺎﮐ / رﺎﮐ / ﺖﺷﺎﮐ
[
to grow / to cultivateندﺮﮐ ﯽیﺎﻤﻨهر /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to guideﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ /
ﺮﻴﮔ /
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
to harvestﻦﺘﺷاد / راد /
ﺖﺷاد
to haveندﺮﮐ ﻪﻠﻴﻡ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to have a picnicﻦﺘﺷاد دﺎی /
راد / ﺖﺷاد
to have a skill / to know how to…
نﺪﻴﻨﺷ / ﻮﻨﺷ /
ﺪﻴﻨﺷ
to hearندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
...
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ار
ﻪﺑ ...
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ
to help
to help….
ندردرد /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ﻦﺘﺷاد درد /
راد / ﺖﺷاد
[
to hurt / to acheﻦﺘﺷاد ﺪﺼﻗ
to intendندﺮﮐ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻡ
/ ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to interviewندﺮﮐ تﻮﻋد = ]
ندﺮﮐ نﺎﻤﻬﻡ [
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to inviteندﺮﮐ ﯼرﺎﻴﺑﺁ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to irrigateﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ /
سﺎﻨﺷ /
ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ
to know (to be acquainted with / to recognize)ﻦﺘﺴﻥاد / ناد /
ﺖﺴﻥاد
to know (to be aware of / to have knowledge about)ﻦﺘﺧﻮﻡﺁ /
زﻮﻡﺁ / ﺖﺧﻮﻡﺁ =]
ﺮﮔ دﺎی ﻦﺘﻓ / ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
[
to learnنﺪﻴﺸﮐزارد /
ﺶﮐ /
ﺪﻴﺸﮐ
to lie downﻦﺘﺷاد شﻮﺧ /
راد / ﺖﺷاد
...
ﻦﺘﺷاد شﻮﺧ ار
to like
to like….
نﺪﻡﺁ شﻮﺧ /
ﺁ /
ﺪﻡﺁ
to like/ to enjoy / to find pleasantشﻮﮔ ندﺮﮐ / ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] شﻮﮔ نداد / ﻩد / داد [
ﺑ ﻪ ...
ندﺮﮐ شﻮﮔ
...
ندﺮﮐ شﻮﮔار
ﻪﺑ ...
نداد شﻮﮔ
to listen
to listen to….
ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
رد ...
ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز
ﺎﺑ ...
ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز
to live
to live in...
to live with….
نﺪﺷ مﻮﻠﻌﻡ /
ﻮﺷ / ﺪﺷ
= ] نﺪﻴﺱرﺮﻈﻥ ﻪﺑ /
سر / ﺪﻴﺱر [
to look / to seem
ندﺮﮐ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺕ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
ندﺮﮐ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺕ ﯽﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ
to make a phone call to call someone
فرﺰیر ندﺮﮐ
/ ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to make a reservation / to reserveء
ﻩﺪﻋو ﻦﺘﺷاﺬﮔ تﺎﻗﻼﻡ /
راﺬﮔ / ﺖﺷاﺬﮔ
= ] ﻦﺘﺷاﺬﮔ تﺎﻗﻼﻡراﺮﻗ /
راﺬﮔ / ﺖﺷاﺬﮔ [
) ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺧو ﯽﺴﮐزا /
ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ (
to make an appointment
ندﺮﮐ تﺎﻗﻼﻡ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ ) نﺪید / ﻦﻴﺑ / ﺪید (
ﺎﺑ ...
ندﺮﮐ تﺎﻗﻼﻡ
to meet
to meet with….
ندﺮﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
) ندﺮﮐﺮﺑزا /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ (
to memorize
ندﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ /
ﮐ ﻦ /
دﺮﮐ
to moveنداد ﺖﮐﺮﺣ /
ﻩد /
داد
to move (something)ندﺮﮐ چﻮﮐ = ]
ندﺮﮐ تﺮﺟﺎﻬﻡ [
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to move / to migrateﻦﺘﺷاد تروﺮﺽ = ]
ﻦﺘﺷاد جﺎﻴﺘﺣا [
) ﻦﺘﺷادرﺎﮐ /(
راد / ﺖﺷاد
to need
ندﺮﮐزﺎﺑ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to openنداد ﺶیﺎﻡﺮﻓ /
ﻩد /
داد
to orderندﺮﮐ ﮓﻥر /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to paintﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ / رﺬﮔ / ﺖﺷﺬﮔ )
نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺕ /
ﻮﺷ / ﺪﺷ (
زا ...
ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ )
نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺕ (
ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘزا ...
ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ )
نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺕ (
to pass / to cross to pass…..
to pass by…..
نﺪﻥاﻮﺧزﺎﻤﻥ /
ناﻮﺧ /
ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ
to prayندﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ )
ندﺮﮐ ﻻﺎﺑ (
/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
= ] ندﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ /
ﺮﺑ / دﺮﺑ [
to raise / to lift
ندﺮﮐ ﯽﺴیﻮﻨﻡﺎﻥ = ]
ندﺮﮐ مﺎﻥ ﺖﺒﺙ /[
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to registerنﺪﻥﺎﻡ / نﺎﻡ /
ﺪﻥﺎﻡ
to remain / to stay / to put / to letراد ﻦﺘﺷاد دﺎی ﻪﺑ /
ﺖﺷاد = ]
ندروﺁ دﺎی ﻪﺑ /
روﺁ /
دروﺁ ) [ نﺪﻡﺁ دﺎی ﻪﺑ /
ﺁ / ﺪﻡﺁ (
to remember / to recall
نداد نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺱﺮﻴﻴﻐﺕ /
ﻩد / داد
=]
حﻼﺻا ندﺮﮐ
/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ [
to remodel
ندﺮﮐ ﻪیاﺮﮐ )
ندﺮﮐ ﻩاﺮﮐ (
/ ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to rentنداد ﻪیاﺮﮐ = ]
نداد ﻪیاﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ) [
نداد ﻩاﺮﮐ / (
ﻩد /
داد
to rent out
ندﺮﮐ ﻢﻴﻡﺮﺕ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to repairﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ /
دﺮﮔﺮﺑ / ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ )
نﺪﻡﺁ ﺲﭘ /
ﺁ / ﺪﻡﺁ (
زا ...
ﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ
ﻪﺑ ...
ﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ
to return
to return from….
to return to….
نﺪﺷ صﻼﺧ /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to run outﻦﺘﻔﮔ / ﻮﮔ /
ﺖﻔﮔ
to say / to tellنﺪید / ﻦﻴﺑ /
ﺪید
to seeﻦﺘﺧوﺮﻓ /
شوﺮﻓ /
ﺖﺧوﺮﻓ
to sellندﺎﺘﺱﺮﻓ /
ﺖﺱﺮﻓ / دﺎﺘﺱﺮﻓ ) ندﺮﮐ ناور /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
(
to sendندﺮﮐ ﺲیوﺮﺱ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to serve (food)ندﺮﮐ ﺪیﺮﺧ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
زا ...
ندﺮﮐ ﺪیﺮﺧ
to shop
to shop at…..
نﺎﺸﻥ نداد / ﻩد / داد
...
نداد نﺎﺸﻥ ار
ﻪﺑ ...
نداد نﺎﺸﻥ
to show
to show…..
to show to…..
ﯽﻥﺪید ﯼﺎهﺎﺟ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﺷﺎﻤﺕ =]
ندﺮﮐ ﺎﺷﺎﻤﺕ ار ﯽﻥﺪید ﯼﺎهﺎﺟ /[
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
to sightsee
ندﺮﮐ ﺎﻀﻡا )
ندﺮﮐ ﻂﺨﺘﺱد / (
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to signنﺪﻥاﻮﺧزاوﺁ = ]
نﺪﻥاﻮﺧ / [
ناﻮﺧ / ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ
) نﺪﻥﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﺑ (
to sing
ﻦﺘﺴﺸﻥ / ﻦﻴﺸﻥ / ﺖﺴﺸﻥ )
ﻦﺘﺸﻴﺷ / ﻦﻴﺷ / ﺖﺸﻴﺷ
(
to sit / to sit downﻮﺧ نﺪﻴﺑا / باﻮﺧ / ﺪﻴﺑاﻮﺧ )
نَﺪَﮐﻮَﺧ
(
to sleepنﺪﻴﺸﮐ تﺮﮕﺱ /
ﺶﮐ /
ﺪﻴﺸﮐ
to smokeندﺮﮐ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ ﻢﺨﺕ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to sowندﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ندز ﭗﮔ /
نز / دز
[
to speak / to talkندﺮﮐ جﺮﺧ = ]
ندﺮﮐ فﺮﺼﻡ / [
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
) نﺪﮐ چﺮﺧ (
to spend (money)
نﺪﺷ دﺎﺘﺴیا /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to stall / to stopنﺪﺷ دﺎﺘﺴیا /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to stand / to stand upندﺮﮐ عوﺮﺷ = ]
ندﺮﮐزﺎﻏﺁ [
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to start / to beginندﺮﮐ ﺖﻡﺎﻗا /
دﺮﮐ / ﻦﮐ
= ] ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺖﻡﺎﻗا /
راد / ﺖﺷاد [
to stay / to reside
ندز مﺪﻗ /
نز / دز =]
ندﺮﮐ شدﺮﮔ /
دﺮﮐ ﻦﮐ
[
to stroll / walk aroundنﺪﻥاﻮﺧ سرد
ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ ناﻮﺧ
to studyنﺪﻥاﻮﺧ
/ ناﻮﺧ /
ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ
to study / to readﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ / ﺮﻴﮔ /
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
to take (to consume)ندﺮﺑ / ﺮﺑ /
دﺮﺑ
to take (to escort)ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﮑﻋ /
ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
ﺲﮑﻋ ...
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔار
زا ...
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﮑﻋ
to take a picture
to take a picture of…..
ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ندﺮﮐ
/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ ] = ندز ﭗﮔ /
نز / دز [
ﻩرﺎﺑرد )
ءدرﻮﻡرد ... (
ﺖﺒﺤﺻ
ندﺮﮐ = ] ندز ﭗﮔ [
ﺎﺑ ...
ندز ﭗﮔ = ]
ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ [
to talk / to speak
to talk about….
to talk to….
to talk with….
نداد سرد /
ﻩد / داد ) داد دﺎی ن / ﻩد / داد
(
to teachندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺕ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
زا ...
ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺕ
ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ...
ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺕ
to thank
to thank….
to thank for….
ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﻓ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to thinkنداد ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺕ /
ﻩد /
داد
to trainندﺮﮐﺮﻔﺱ = ]
ندﺮﮐ تﺮﻓﺎﺴﻡ [
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to travelندرﻮﺧرود /
رﻮﺧ /
درﻮﺧ
to turnنﺪﻴﻤﻬﻓ /
ﻢﻬﻓ /
ﺪﻴﻤﻬﻓ
to understandندﺮﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺱا /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to use / to applyندﺮﮐ ﻩدﺎﻔﺘﺱا /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to use / to utilizeندﺮﮐ ﯽیﻮیﺪیو ﯼﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻠﻓ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
=]
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯽیﻮیﺪیو ﻢﻠﻓ /
ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ [
to videotape
ندﺮﮐ ﺪیدزﺎﺑ = ]
نﺪید ندﺮﮐ /[
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to visit (socially)ندﺮﮐﺮﺒﺻ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] نﺪﻴﺸﮐرﺎﻈﺘﻥا /
ﺶﮐ / ﺪﻴﺸﮐ [
= ] ندﻮﺑﺮﻈﺘﻨﻡ /
شﺎﺑ / دﻮﺑ [
to wait
ﻦﺘﻓر ﻩدﺎﻴﭘ = ]
ﻦﺘﻓر ﯼﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ = ][
ﻦﺘﻓر ﻩار / [
ور /
ﺖﻓر
to walk
ﻦﺘﺱاﻮﺧ /
ﻩاﻮﺧ /
ﺖﺱاﻮﺧ
to wantنﺪید نﻮیﺰیﻮﻠﺕ /
ﻦﻴﺑ /
ﺪید
to watch TVنﺪﻴﺷﻮﭘ /
شﻮﭘ /
ﺪﻴﺷﻮﭘ
to wear / to put onندﺮﮐرﺎﮐ /
ﻦﮐ /
دﺮﮐ
to workنﺪﺷﺮﺕ ﺪﺑ /
ﻮﺷ /
ﺪﺷ
to worsen / to get worseﻦﺘﺷﻮﻥ / ﺲیﻮﻥ / ﺖﺷﻮﻥ )
ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻥ /
ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ
(
to writeزوﺮﻡِا
todayﻢهﺎﺑ
= ] ﺎﺠﮑی ﻢهﺎﺑ ) [
ﯽیﺎﺠﮑی
(
togetherادﺮﻓ ) ﺎﺒﺻ
(
tomorrowﺐﺸﻡا )
ﻮﺸﻡِا
(
tonightﺪﺤﻴﺑ = ] ﺑ ﻩزاﺪﻥا ﯽ
[
too (excessively)ﻢه = ] ﺰﻴﻥ = ] [ نﺎﻨﭽﻤه
[
too / alsoﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺶﮐﺮﺕﻮﻡ
tow truckرﻮﺘﮐاﺮﺕ
tractorﺮﮕﻝﺎﻓاﺮﺕ ناﺪﻴﻡ
Trafalgar Squareﻢﻴﻠﻌﺕ = ] ﻪﻴﺑﺮﺕو ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺕ
[
trainingﻢﻴﻠﻌﺕ ناﺪﻴﻡ
training fieldﺮﻔﺱ = ] تﺮﻓﺎﺴﻡ
[
trip / journeyﻪﺒﻨﺷ ﻪﺱ
Tuesdayﮕﻨُﻝ
ﯽ
turbanﻪﻴﮐﺮﺕ
Turkeyﯽی ﻩزاوردودﺮﺕﻮﻡ
two-door carﻩﺪﺤﺘﻡ تﻻﺎیا ﺎﮑیﺮﻡا
ء= ] ﺎﮑیﺮﻡا
[
U.S.A.ﺎﻡﺎﻡ
uncle (maternal)ﺎﮐﺎﮐ
uncle (paternal)ﻪﻥﺎﻔﺱﺄﺘﻡ = ]
ﻪﻥﺎﺘﺨﺑﺪﺑ
[
unfortunatelyﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ نوﺪﺑ = ]
ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ ﯽﺑ
[
unfurnishedمرﻮﻔﻴﻥﻮی
uniformﻪﻌﻄﻗ
= ] مﺎﺕوﺰﺟ
[
unitنﻮﺘﻨهﻮﭘ
universityﺎﺕ
until / toء
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻻﺎﺑ = ] ﻻﺎﺑ لﺰﻨﻡ
[
upstairsلﺎﻤﻌﺘﺱا
use / usageﻩدﺎﻔﺘﺱا
use / usageًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻡ
usuallyﻩرد
valley / glenﻒﻠﺘﺨﻡ
various / differentﯼﺰﺒﺱ )
ﯼرﺎﮐﺮﺕ
(
vegetableرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
very / many / muchء
