HAL Id: hal-01399533
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01399533
Submitted on 23 Nov 2016
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A connected history of the expansion of foreign settlements in China (1846-1946)
Fleur Chabaille
To cite this version:
Fleur Chabaille. A connected history of the expansion of foreign settlements in China (1846-1946).
Summer School in Chinese Digital Humanities, Jul 2016, Leiden, Netherlands. �hal-01399533�
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Main focus of my research project:
• The expansive nature of foreign seLlements
• The evolu/on of Chinese na/onalism
• The maintenance of public order
Chronological and spaEal framework:
• Cross-analysis of three major treaty ports: Tianjin, Shanghai, and Hankou.
• From the establishment of the first concession, the Bri/sh Concession in Shanghai in 1846 to the retrocession of the last concessions in 1946.
Research quesEons:
• What did land management issues disclose about the nature of these territories?
• How did the different concep/ons of borders and jurisdic/ons coexist and conflict with each other in the treaty ports?
• How did mul/-faceted protests emerging from sec/ons of Chinese society against foreign expansion reflect paLerns of na/onalist aspira/ons in a context of par/al coloniza/on?
A connected approach to reveal connec/ons between processes of expansion in each city and between protest movements sparked by Chinese urban ci/zens.
Sources:
• Western or Chinese language diploma/c archives, including maps, and local press related to each expansion project.
• Other historical “voices” of individuals like missionaries, foreign companies, or ins/tu/ons (for example, police and military archives, personal photographic and film materials etc.).
1) RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND AIMS OF THE PROJECT
2) DIGITAL METHODOLOGY
Why? To organize and classify historical sources with a spa/al-based approach.
How? In gathering considerable amount of data (census of popula/on, real estate inves/ng, road construc/on, geographical alloca/on of police forces, etc.) related to foreign seLlements and adjacent Chinese districts over which foreign authori/es were seeking control.
Expected findings: Precise loca/on of these specific data can illuminate urban and social transforma/ons associated with processes of territorial expansion and their evolu/on over /me.
PracEcal applicaEon: Example of this Chinese map, which shows the evolu/on of geographical alloca/on of French police forces and the installa/on of power lines in an adjacent district of the French Concession of Tianjin.
=> Used to trace the expansion steps of the French Municipality into this district.
CollaboraEve project between the Ins/tute of History of Present Time (IHTP) and the Lyon Ins/tute of East Asian Studies: digital analysis of photographic and film materials through an historical visual narraEve. More than 400 photographs and 24 films taken by André Bontemps (1888-1969) who was a member of the French military colonial troops assigned to Tianjin from 1931 to 1935.
PublicaEon in March 2016: h[p://scalar.usc.edu/works/Eanjin_bontemps/index
Why Scalar?
• Wri/ng and publishing plahorm suited to born-digital works, which incorporate visual materials, such as visual media, graphics, and charts.
• Ability to organize and annotate photographic and film materials and juxtapose them with my own wri/ng in a variety of ways.
• Ability to display pages in mul/ple views.
Lecturer in Chinese History and Language, Na/onal Ins/tute for Oriental Languages and Civiliza/ons
Fleur Chabaille-Wang
A connected history of the expansion of foreign se[lements in China (1846-1946)
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
ACTOZ SYSTEM
SCALAR
3) DIGITAL WRITING AND PUBLISHING
Text emphasis Media emphasis
What is Actoz?
• Filemaker-based applica/on designed to develop a database for historical analysis.
• Created and developed by Jean-Pierre Dedieu, Senior Research Fellow at the French Na/onal Center for Scien/fic Research (CNRS).
Purposes and advantages:
• Process, record, and analyze many kinds of historical data and sources, such as data on individuals, genealogical data, contextual data, especially ins/tu/onal data, data on the sources and bibliography as extracted from the primary or secondary literature, data on objects related to actors etc.
• Establish rela/onships between the diverse units of informa/on gathered on actors, ac/ons, objects, which the human mind could not possibly handle.
• Collabora/ve work.
ContribuEons:
• Make connec/ons and strengthen our grasp of the historical processes and configura/ons in which actors were involved.
• Build an innova/ve knowledge base on treaty ports in the nineteenth and twen/eth centuries, with special focus on urban elite networks, interac/ons between polices, militaries, protest movements, etc.
Online user’s manual by ChrisEan Henriot: h[p://toolbox.virtualciEes.fr/fichoz/actoz
Tianjin Municipal Archives, J0001-3-000762-012
Acknowledgments: I thank Lumière-Lyon 2 University, the Lyon InsEtute of East Asian Studies, and the Chiang Ching-kuo FoundaEon for funding this project. Special thanks for ChrisEan Henriot and Jean-Pierre Dedieu for their training in digital humaniEes.
