المصطلحات الصوتية و النحوية عند البصريين في القرنين الثاني و الثالث الهجريين

ﺎـــﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺔــﻴﺒﺭــﻌﻟﺍ ﺔــﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻡــﺴﻗ

ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻗﺭﻟﺍ

... :

ﺔـﻠـﺴﻠـﺴﻟﺍ

... :

ﻲﻓ ﺔــﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺍﺭﻭـﺘﻜﺩ ﺔـﺠﺭﺩ لـﻴﻨﻟ ﻡﺩـﻘﻤ ﺙـﺤﺒ

ﺕﺎــﻴﻭـﻐﻠﻟﺍ

ﺩﺍﺩــﻋﺇ

ﺔـﺒﻟﺎـﻁﻟﺍ

:

 

ﻑﺍﺭـﺸﺇ

:

.



/

  

ﺔـﺸﻗﺎــﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔــﻨﺠﻟ

:









.



/

  

 

  



 



 



 



 

ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

:

2007

-2008

أ

ب

-

ﳌﺍ

ﺔﻣﺪﻘ

:

א א א א א א . א א א א א א ، א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א : 1 − א א א א א א א . 2 − א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א " א א א א א " א א " א " א א

ج א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א ، א א א . א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א

(domaine d’emploi spécifique) א . א א א א א א א א . א א : א א א ؛ א א ، א א א א א א : 1 − א א א . 2 − א א א .

د 3 − א א א א . א א א :

א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א ، א א א א א א א א א . א א א א : א – א − א –– א – א א – א . א א א " א א " א א " א א " א " א

ﻩ א " " א " "א " א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א . א א א : 1 − א א א א א א . 2 − א א א . א א : א ، א א א א א א . א . א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א . א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א .

و א א א א א א א ؛ א א " " א א א א א א א . " " " " א א א א א . א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א (la terminologie) א א } א – א – א { ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א . א א א . א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א .

ز א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א : 1 − א א א א . 2 − א א א א א . 3 − א א א א א . ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א . א א א א א ، א א א א : 1 − א א א א 1 − 1 / א א א א א . 1 − 2 / א א א א א . 2 − א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א .

ح א א א ) א א א א א ( א א א א : 1 − א א א . 2 − א א . 3 − א א א א א . א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א. א א א – − א ، א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א : 1 − א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . 2 − א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א א א א

ط א א א א א א א . א א א א : 1 − א א א . 2 − א א א א . 3 − א א . 4 − א . א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ، א ، א ، א ، א א א א . א א א א א א ، א א ، א א א א.

ي א א א א א א א א א א א .

*

א

א

*

-1

- 



   

1

/

2

/

א

2

−

1

/

)

(

2

−

2

/

)

(

2

−

3

/

)

(

3

/

א

א

א

4

/

א

א

א

5

/

א

א

א

6

/

א א א

א א

א

א

א

7

/

א א א

א

-2

ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ

:

ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻬﲤ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ

א א א ، א א א א . א א א א א » ، א א א א א א א א א א א « 1 ؛ א א א א א א א א . א א א א ″ ″ " א א " , א א א א א א א א א 2 א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א ، א א " א " ׃ » א א א א ، א א א א א א א . א א א א 1 − א א : א א א ، א א / /، 1984 ، 19 . 2 − א א ׃ א ، א א א א ) (، 1994 ، 13 .

-3 -א « 1 . א א א א א א א א ؛ . ، א א א א 2 . א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א . א א א א א . א ، א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א " א א " א ׃ » א א א א א א א א « 3 . " )" F. desaussure ) ( 1916 ( א א א א א ، , א 1 − א ׃ ، א א ) א א א / ( א א א / א ، ) 02 ( א ، ) 08 (، 1993 ، 113 . 2 − א א ׃ א א א א א ) א ( א א א א א ) 24 ( א א – 8 − / /، 1 ، 1998 34 . - 3 א א ׃ א א א ، א א א א א ، ) (، 1989 ، 29 .

-4 -א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א " morphème " א א א א . ؛ א א א א א א א ) signifiant ( ) signifié ( » א א א א א א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א 2 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . 1 − א א ׃ ، א א 12 . 2 − א א : א א א ، א א א א / /، 2 ، 1986 ، 13 .

-5 -א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א » א « 1 א א . . א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ، ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א ، א א א א . 1 − א א : ، א א ) א א / ( א א א / א ، 02 א ، 08 ، 1993 ، 57 .

-6 -א -א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א » ، א א ، א א א ، א א א א א « 1 . א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א . א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א 1 − א ׃ א א 125 .

-7 -א -א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א ׃ » א ، א א א א א א א ، א ، ، א א א א ، א א א א א ، « 1 .

1

/

ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺔﺑﺭﺎﻘﻣ

א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א . א ׃ א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א 1 − ׃ א א א ، א א ) / (، 1 ، 1983 ، 12 .

-8 -א א א א א א .

2

-

ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﲢ

2

-1

/

ﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﱄﻭﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ

ﻡ

ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

"

ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ

"

" " א א ) א ( א א א ) ( א א א ﻠ ) א ( א א ) . . ( א א א א ، : • א : א . : א . א א ׃ ... א א א . א : א 1 . • א א א א : א א . א א : א א ، א ، א . 2 . א א ، א . א )א ( א א ) א א א ( א א א 3 ׃ )א 1 − א : א א ) (، 2 ، 29 א http://saaid.net/book/ 2 − א : א ) ( 66 67 א http://www.almeshkat.net/books.open.php 3 − ׃ א א א ، א א א ) א (، 7 8 .

-9 -(، ) א א (، ) א א א (، ) א )( א (؛ א א א )א ( א )א .( א א א א ) . . ( ، א א א א א א א א א ) ( ؛ )א ( א א א א א א ، א א א ؛ א א א א . ، א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א . א ؛ א א א א א א 1 ؛ א א – – ، א א א א א א א א א .

1 − א א ׃ א א א ، א א א ) (، א 99 – 100 ، 2005 . א http : // www.awu-dam.org/ thurath 99-100.

-10

-2

-1

-1

-

ﻪﻟﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

ﺍ

ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﱄﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻻ

.

א א א א א א א א א ) א ( א ׃ » א א א א « 1 . א ׃ » א א « 2 . א א א ׃ • א א א . • א א א ، א א א . א א א א ، א א א א : » א א א א א א א « 3 . א א א . א א א א א א א א א ، ، א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א 1 − א ) א :( ، א / :/ 1978 . 2 − א ׃ ، א א א ) . . (א 6 ، 1670 א http://www.almeshkat.net/books/open. . 3 − א : א ، א א א א א א א א / /، 1988 ، 6 .

-11 -א -א " א א " ׃ » א א א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א " " ׃ » א א א א א « 2 . " " ׃ » א א א א א א « 3 . " א " ׃ » א – – ، א ، א א ، א א א ، א א א א א א א א א « 4 . " " ׃ » א א א א א א א א א א א א א « 5 . 1 − א א 56 . 2 − ׃ א א א א א א א א א א א ، א ) (، 1 ، 1994 ، 170 . 3 − ׃ א א א א ) א א ( א א ، /א / א ، 21 ، 1983 ، 122 . 4 − א ׃ א א א א א ׃ א א א א א ، א א א ، א / /، 1995 ، 74 . 5 − ׃ ، א א / /، 2،1995 ، 7 .

-12 -א א א א א א א א א א א . ؛ א א א א א א א – – א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א 1 . " א " א ׃ » א א א א א « 2 א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ؛ א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . : » ) catégoriel clef ( ، א « 3 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ » א א א א א 1 − א א א א 112 2 − א ׃ ، א א א א א א א א א א / /، 1 ، 1998 ، 143 . 3 − : א א א ma/ down loads / majalla / 48 /

http://www.arabization.org

-13 -א א א א א א א ، א א א ، א א א « 1 . א א א א א » א א ) א א א א ( א א א ، א « 2 . – א א – – – » א א א א א ، «. 3 א א " א " א א א א א א " " " א "؛ א א א . א א ) 255 ه ( א א ׃ » ، א א א ، א א א א א א ، א א א « 4 . א − – א . א א ) 387 ه ( ) א ( " א " א » ، א א א 1 − א א 75 . 2 − א 76 . 3 − א א א 11 12 . 4 − א ) ( ׃ א א ، א ، א א / /، 4 ، 1 ، 139 .

-14 -א -א א א « 1 . א ) 395 ه ( א א א ׃ » « 2 ׃ » א א א ، א ، א א א « 3 . א א א א א א . א א א א א ) ( )א ( 4 ׃ • א א ׃ ) ( א )א ( ؛ א א א א א א ׃ » א א א א « 5 . • א א ׃ ، א א א )א ( )א ( א א א ؛ א א א ׃ » א א א א א 1 − א א ) ( ׃ א א ، א א ، א א / /، 1 ، 1984 ، 32 . 2 − − א ) א ( ׃ א א ، א א ، א / /، 1 ، 1993 ، 37 . 3 − 37 . 4 − א ׃ ، א א א ، א ) א א א / ( / א ، 97 א ، 2005 א http : //www.awu.dam.org/ thurath 97. 5 − א ׃ ، א א ، א א 2 ، 442 א http://saaid.net/book/

-15 -... « 1 . ׃ » ... א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א – – א א − – א א א « 2 . • א א ׃ א ، א א ׃ » א )א ( א א א א א א ، א ) ( א א ) term ( ، א ׃ ) א א (، ׃ ) א א ( א א א א « 3 . א א א א א א ) ( ، א )א ( א א א א .

1 − ׃ א א א ، א א א / – / ، ، 2003 ، 14 . 2 − א א ، א 8 . 3 − א ׃ א א ، א א א א / א /، 1 ، 1983 ، 119 .

-16

-2

-1

-2

-

ﺔـﻴﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴ�ﺎـﺴﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﻔﻟﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻪﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻭ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ

ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ

) ׃ terme ( א ؛ א א א א . " א " ׃ » א ׃ א א « 1 . " ) " Josette rey-debove ( א א א א א ׃ » ، א א ) ( ) ( א « 2 . א א א א א א א ، א א . א א ׃ • א א . • א א א א א ׃ . א א א א א א א א ؛ ) felber h. ( א : » ...

1 _{- Jean Dubois et autres}

׃ dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse, 1991, p 486

-17 -א -א א א א א ... א א א – א – ، א « 1 א : • א : א א א א א א » א ) notion ( ) symbole ( א א א א « 2 . " . . ) " M.T. Cabrè ( ׃ »א א ׃ א א א א א א א « 3 . א א » א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א « 4 . א ، א א א ، א א א א ISO/R1087) ( א א

1_{- Helmut Felber : Standardization of terminology , Vienna , 1985 , p 17 .}

א : א : א א ) א א :http://www.Almughtarib. Com. / 2 − א ׃ ، א א א ) א א א / ( א א א / א ، 02 א ، 08 ، 1993 ، 183 .

3 _{- Gérard Petit : Sémiotique du terme et traduction, Traduire La Langue Traduire La}

culture, Institut Français de coopération, maisonneuve et larose , Paris, 2003 , p 253 . 4 − ׃ ، א / א א א / א ، 02 א ، 08 ، 1993 ، 291 .

-18 -1 . א ؛ א א א " ) " L.depecker ( ، ، א א א א א א א 2 . א א א א א ) connotation ( א א ) dénotation ( א א א א א א . " ) " Eugen wuster ( א א א " " ﻠ " א " 3 : א א

1 − א ׃ א א ، ، א א א / א /، 2000 ، 139 .

2 _{- Sémiotique du terme et traduction p 230.} 3

− א

137 .

-19 -، א " א " » א א א א « 1 . • א א : ؛ א א א א א א ، א א א א ؛ א א ) א ( א א א 2 : 1 . ، א א א א . 2 . ، א א א א א א א . • א : א א א א א א א א א ؛ א " א ) " définition ( א א א א א א א ) ) ( 626 :( » א ، א ، א א ، « 3 . 1 − א ׃ א א ׃ ، א א / א א א / א ، 02 א ، 08 ، 1993 ، 12 . א http:// www.iub.edu /cono/text/tl/ts.. 2 − א : א ، א א א http : // www. Majma. Org . jo / 3 − א : א א א ، ، א / /، 1 ، 1983 ، 436 .

-20 -، א א א א א א 1 . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א ، א א .

2

-2

–

ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﱄﻭﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ

"

ﺕﻮﺻ

"

א » א ... א א . ، ، : . : ، א ، . : ، ، . א א : א א « 2 . א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : »א א א א א א « 3 . 1 − א א א . 2 − א : א א ) ( 38 א http://www.almeshkat.net/books.open.php 3 − א א : ، א א ، א ، א א א 1957 ، 1 ، 189 .

-21 -א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ؛ א : א א א . א : » א ، א א א « 1 . : » א א א ، א א א א א ، . א א א א « 2 א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א . 1 − ) (׃ ، א ، א א / /، 3 ، 1983 ، 4 ، 434 2 − א 4 / 434

-22 -א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א א ، א א ، א « 1 . א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א

2

-3

/

ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﱄﻭﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ

)

ﻮﳓ

(

א א א א א ) 538 − 616 ( » א א א ) ( א « 2 א א א א א א א א א א א א ) 899 − 972 ( א א 3 : א 1 − : א א ، א א / א /، 3 ، 1998 ، 66 2 − א א : א א א ، ، א א א א א / א א / / 1 ، 1995 ، 1 ، 40 3 − א ) א א :( ، א א א א א א ، א א א / – /، 1 ، 1996 ، 44 .

-23 -א א 1 א א » א א א א א « 2 . א א – א − א א . א ) 395 ه :( » א א א א א ، א ، א « 3 א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א . א א א א א " א א א " א 4 א א א א א א א . א א א א א ) ( א » : א ،א א א 1 − א א )א : ( )א : א ( ) א א : ( )א : ( )א : א .( 2 − א א א ) :( א א 1 א ، א א ، / /، 3 ، 1988 ، 1 ، 35 . 3 − א ) א ( ׃ ، א ) (، 5 ، 310 א ، http://saaid.net/book/ 4 − א ) א :( א א ، א ، א א / /، 3 ، 1979 ، 89 .

-24 -،א א : ؟א א : א . א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א . א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א . 1 − א א א : א א א ، א א א / א /، 1993 ، 64 . 2 − א א : א א ، א א ، א 2 ، 1969 ، 24 .

-25 -א -א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א .

3

.

ﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨ

א א א א " א " " א " ؛ א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א . " א " א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א " ) " Alain Rey :( » א א ) étude systématique ( א א א א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . " א " א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ،

1 _{- Alain Rey : la terminologie noms et notions, que sais – je ? presses universitaires}

-26

-) Christian Gottfried Schuly ( 1801 ) Sébastien Mercier ( א א א 1837 ) William Whewell ( 1 ؛ א א " ) " Eugen Wuster ) ( 1898 – 1977 ( א א א א א א ، א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ) La Terminologie ( ׃ } א – א – א – א – א א א א א ׃

1 − א א א 179 . Terminologie لﺒﺎﻘﻤ 1 لﺒﺎﻘﻤ 2 لﺒﺎﻘﻤ 3 لﺒﺎﻘﻤ 4 لﺒﺎﻘﻤ 5 ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﻼﻁﺼﻻﺍ

ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ

ﺭﻭﺼﺘ

-27 -א א א א א א א א א " א " ׃ ] – א – א [ ׃ » א א א א ، ، א א « 1 ׃ » א א א א א א Lexicology) ( א ) Semasiology (« 2 א א ، " א " א . " " א " א " ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א ׃ » א א א א א א א א א « 3 . א א א א א א א א ، א א א Terminologie ) ( א א א א ؛ א א א " א " א א א א " א " " א " א – − " א "؛ א ׃ » א א א La terminologie « 4 ، ׃ » א א א 1 − א ׃ א א ، א / א /، 2 ، 1987 ، 18 . 2 − ، א 19 . 3 − ׃ א 290 . 4 − א א א 179

-28 -La terminographie א א ، א א א Alain Rey א א א ، א ،א א א א א Les terminographes א les terminologues « 1 א א " א " / א / " א א " – – א א א א : } א א { ) Terminologie ( א ) Néologie ( " א " א א א א א . " א " א ، א » א א א א א א « 2 א א ؛ א – – א א א א א א ، א 3 . " " " א " "א " א ׃ » א א Terminology א א א א א א א « 4 . א א א א א א א " 1 − א 179 180 . 2 − א א 22 . 3 − א 22 . 4 − א א א א א א ، א א א 171 .

-29 -" " א " 1 א א א " " א א 2 ؛ " א א " א א " " א א א א א א א א א א ׃ » א א א א א א « 3 . א א א – – א א א א א ) La langue source ( א ) in put ( ) La langue cible ( א ) out put ( ؛ א א א – – א » א א א ، א « 4 . א א – א א – א ، א א א א ؛ א א א א – א א ׃ » 1 − א ، א ׃ א א א ) א – – ( א א א א ، / / ، ، 1989 ، 144 . 2 − ׃ א ، א א א א / / 1 ، 1995 ، 288 . 3 − א א : ، א א א א א א א א א / א א א − א /، 1 ، 2000 ، 48 . 4 − א א א ׃ ، א א א א א / – /، 1 ، 1986 ، 395 .

-30 -א « 1 . א א א א א א ) א ( א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א " א " ׃ » א ، א א א א א א « 2 ؛ א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א " א א " 3 א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א ) Etymologie ( א ) Lexicologie (، א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א " א א א ) " א א ( א א א א " א " א א ، ׃ " א א " ، א א א " א א " א א א . א 1 − א א ׃ ، א ، א א / א – א /، א ، א א א א א 02 ، – 2001 ، 55 . 2 − ، א א א 395 . 3 − ، א א 23 .

-31 -א א א א . א א א 1 . " א א " " א א " " א א " א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א 2 ؛ א א א א א ) א ( א א . א א א א ، א א א א א א ؛ א » א א א א א א א א א א א א « 3 » א א א א א « 4 . א א א א א א 5 :

1 − א א ׃ א ، א א / / א ، 08 ، 1992 ، 6 . 2 − ، א א א 396 397 . 3 − א א ׃ ، א א א 48 . 4 − א ׃ א א א ، א א / /، 1 ، 1986 ، 89 . 5 − ، א א 79 .

-32

א א " א א " » א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א ... « 1 ؛ א א א א ׃ ׃ א א א א א א . ׃ א א א א א א א א א א . " א א " א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 1 − א א 78 . ﺔﻴﻤﺳﻻا ﻰﻨﺒﻝا ﻲﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻝا مﺎﻈﻨﻝا ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻝا لواﺪﺠﻝا ﻤﻝا ﺢﻠﻄﺼ -ﻒیﺮﻌﺘﻝا مﻮﻬﻔﻤﻝا

-33 -1 א א א א א ، ׃ א א – א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . " א א " א ׃ » א א « 2 .

1 − א א ׃ א א א ، א א א א א / א /، 1 ، 1998 ، 137 138 . 2 − א א ׃ א א א א א 31 .

-34

-4

/

ﺔﻴﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﲢ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ

א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א ، א א א א א א . " א א " : » א א א א א א א א א א א א א א « 1 . : » א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א « 2 . א ، א א א א א ، א א א ، א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ، א א ، א . א א ، א א א : • : . • : א א א א 1 − ، א א 13 . 2 − ، א א 14 .

-35 -א א א א א א ، א א א א א א ؛א א א א א א א א א א :

א א א א א ) א א – א ( א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א )א ( א א א א א א א א א א א ) – ( ) ( א א − א א א א א א א

-36 -א ، א א א א 1 א א א א א א א . א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א . א א א א א א א א . א א א א ؛ א א א א א ) Arbitraire ( א א א א א א א א א . " " א א א ، א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א . " א : " » א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 1 − : א א א ، א ، א 2 / 2001 ، 67 .

-37 -א א ، א א א « 1 א א א א א ) א א ( א )א ( א א ) un morphème libre ( ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א א 2 : • א א א א א א א • א א . • א א א א א א א ) א א .( א א א א א א ) א ( א א : • א ؛ א א א א ، א א ؛ א א א א א ، א א א א א א א ، א א א א : 1 − א : א א : א ، ، א א 2 ، 8 ، 1993 ، 14 . 2 − א א 84

-38

א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א : — / א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א . • א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ، א א א א . א א ؛ א א א א א א א 2 3 4 א

-39 -א . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א » א א א א א א « 1 . א א – – א א א א א א ، א . • א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א ، ، א א א א א – " " − » א א א א « 2 ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א . א א א א . " : " » א א א ، א א ، א א א א א א 1 − א א 97 . 2 − : א א ، א / א / ، ، 1991 ، 26 .

-40 -א א א « 1 : » א א א ، א « 2 ؛ א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א » א א ، א א א א « 3 ، א א א ؛ א א א . א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א ، א ، ، א א א ، א . א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א . א א א א א . " " א א א א א א : • א א א א . 1 − : ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א / – /، 1 א ، 2000 ، 109 . 2 − א 107 . 3 − א : א א 112 .

-41 -• א א א א . • א א א א א א א א א . • א א א . • א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . 1

5

/

ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ، א א א א א א . " א א : " » א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א « 2 . א א א א א – − » 1 − : א ، א א א / א /، 2001 ، 155 . 2 − א א 113 .

-42 -א -א א « 1 . " א " א א ، א א א א א א א א א "א : " » א א א « 2 ؛ א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א . א א א א א ، " א א " א א א א א א » ، א א א « 3 א א " א " " א א " ؛ " א " » א 1 − : א א ، א א א / א א א – א /، 1 ، 1987 ، 35 . 2 − א ) א א :( א ، א א א א א א ، א / א − /، 1987 ، 1 ، 304 3 − א 1 ./ 346

-43 -א א א א ، א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א א א . א " א א " א : » א א א א א א א « 2 . » א א א א א א א א א « 3 . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א ، א א . א א א א א ، א א ) ( א א א א א א א א ، א ) א א ( ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א 1 − א : א א ، א א / /، 9 ، ، 174 2 − א א 32 . 3 − א 32 .

-44 -א -א א א . " א " : » א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א . א א " א א " א א א » א א א א א : א א א א א ، א א א א א « 2 א א ؛ – – א א 3 : • א א א א . • א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א » א א א א א « 4 ؛ א א א א א " א " א א א א א א א א א א 5 א א א ، א א א . א א א ، א 1 − א 359 . 2 − א א 44 . 3 − א 44 45 . 4 − א : א ، א א א א 2 / 2001 ، 189 . 5 − : א א א ، א א א / /، 1 ، 2002 ، 119 .

-45 -» א א א א « 1 . א » א א : א « 2 א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א " א א " : » א א א א א א א « 3 ، א א א " א א " " א א " ) א א א ( א א ؛ א א א א א א א ) la langue source ( א א ) la langue cible (، א א א א . א א " א א " א א א א א » א א ، א א א א « 4 . א א א א א א ، א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א . א 1 − א 1 / 268 . 2 − א א ) (، 2 ، 154 . 3 − א א : א א א ، א א א א א / / א ، 30 – 31 ، 1984 ، 17 . א 28 . 4 − א א א 398 .

-46 -א א א ؛ א א א א א – – א א ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 א א א א א א ؛ א א א א ، א – א א – א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א : • א א א א א א . • א א א א א א ، א . א א א א א א א " א א " א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ؛ – – א א " א " ) la langue ( א ) la parole ( ؛ א א א א א א א 1 − : א א א ، א א 2 / 2001 ، 74 .

-47 -؛ א א א א א ، א א . א א א א " )" Wittgenstein ( » א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א .

1 − : א א ، א א ، א א / א /، 1980 ، 23 .

-48

-6

/

ﻦﻫﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺛﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א ؛ א א " א " א א א א א א 1 : • א א : א א א א א . • א א א : א א א א א א א א א א א . • א א : א א א א א א א א א א : 1 − א : א ، א א א א ) א /( א / א ، 6 ، 1993 ، 33 34 .

-49 -א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א א א . ، א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א

-50 -א א א א א א א א א : • א א א . • א א א א . • א א א . א א א א א א א א . א א א א א : » א א א א א א א א א א א « 1 ؛ א א א א א " א :" » א א א א א א א א א « 2 – – א א א א א א א א א א א 3 . א א א א א א א א א . 1 − א א : א א א : א א א א א ، א א א / א / א ، 10 א ، 2 ، 1973 ، 18 . 2 − א א א א 36 . 3 − : א ، א ) / ( / א ، 78 ، 2000 ، 101 .

-51 -א -א א א א א – – א : א א א 1 א א א ، א א א א " א " . " א " א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א 2 . א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א – א – א א א א א א א – – » א א א א א א א א א . א א א « 3 . א א א א א : 1 − א : א ، א ، א 6 ، 1993 ، 11 . 2 − א : א ، א ، א א א א א א 6 ، 1993 ، 63 . 3 − א א א 406 .

-52 -» א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א ، א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א ، א : • א א א א א א . • א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א א « 2 ، א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א . 1 − א א 55 56 . 2 − א : א א א א א א : ، א א א ، א 6 ، 1993 ، 53 .

-53 -א א : » א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א . : » ، א א ، א א א ، א ، « 3 . א א א א א : • א א א . • א א א א א א א . 1 − א 214 . 2 − א א : א ، א ، א א 2 ، 2001 ، 47 . 3 − א 215 .

-54 -א א א א א א : • א א א א א א א א א א א א . • א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א : • א א א א א א א . • א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א ، א א א א א א . א א ، א א ، א א .

-55 -א -א א א א א א : • : א א א א א א א א א . • : א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א – א – א א א א א א א : א א א א א א א א ؟ א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א » ، א א ، א א א ، א א א א א « 1 . א א 1 − א ׃ א א 125

-56 -א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א .

7

/

ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﱰﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ

א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א . ، א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א » א א א א א א א : ، א א « 1 . 1 − א ) א א : ( ، א א א א א א ، א א א / − /، 1 ، 1996 ، 42 .

-57 -، א – – א א א א ، – – א א א א א ؛ א א א א א : 1 . א : ؛ א א א ، א א א א – – א : » ] [ « 1 2 . א א : א א א : » א א ، א ، ؟ ، א : ... א « 2 ؛ א א ) ( א . 3 . א ) א ( : א א א א א א א : » « 3 א א א א א א . 4 . א א : א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א : 1 − א 1 / 12 2 − א 1 / 367 – 369 3 − א 1 / 12 .

-58 -1.4 / א א א א א א א א א א א א 1 א א א א א א . 2.4 / א א א א ) א ( א ) ( א א . 3.4 / א ، א א א א ) 285 ه ( א א א ) א א : ( » א א א ، א א א ، א א א א ، א א א א ، א א א א א א ، א א ، א א א א א א א « 2 5 .א : א א א ، א א ؛ א : » א א א א א א א א א ، א א א « 3 א א א א א א . א א א 1 − א א א א : א א א א א א ) – ( ) – (، / /، 1 ، 1987 ، 16 . 2 − א ) א א :( א ، א ، א / /، 1 ، 5 . 3 − : א א א ، א א / / ، ، 2002 ، 112 .

-59 -א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א 1 ، א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א ؛ א א 2 . א – – א א א . א » א : א א ، « 3 א א א א א . א א א » א א א א א « 4 א א א א א . א א » א א א א א א « 5 . א א א א א א א ، 1 − א : א א א ، א א א א / /، 1 ، 2002 ، 140 . 2 − א א 58 59 . 3 − א : ، א 5 ، 452 א http://saaid.net/book/ 4 − : א א 102 . 5 − א 31 .

-60 -א א א א . א א א א ، א א ، א א 1 : • א א : א א א א א א א . א : » ، ، א א א ، « 2 • א א : א א א ، א א א א : » א : ، ، א « 3 . א א א ؛ א א א א – א – א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א

1_{- Helmut Felber : Terminology Manual , Paris , 1999 , pp 160-163} 2 − א 1 / 12 3 − א 1 / 12

-61 -א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ) 100 − 174 ه ( ) ) ( 180 ه ( א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א ، א א א א א א 1 ، א א א א א ، א א א א ، א ، א 2 . ؛ א א א א א א ) 284 – 368 ه ( א א ) 129 ه ( א א 3 א ) 379 ه ( א ) 165 ( : » א א « 4 1 − א ) א א :( ، א א א א א א ، א א / א / א א / /، 1 ، 1986 ، 1 ، 40 . 2 − א א ) א א ( : א א ، א א א א ، / /، 1 ، 2004 ، 69 . 3 − א 73 74 . 4 − א ) א : ( א ، א א א א ، א / א /، 2 ، 1984 ، 43 .

-62 -. א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ) 69 ه ( א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ، א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א ) 624 ه :( » א א « 1 ، א א א ؛ א " א " א א א א 1 − א א 1 / 378

-63 -، א א א א א ) 351 ه : ( » א א « 1 ) א ) ( 291 ه : ( » א א א א א ، « 2 א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א : » א א א א « 3 . א . א א א א ؛ א א א א א א ، א א א א א א . א ؛ א א א א א א ، . א א א א א א א א א א א א א 1 − א א ) א א : ( ، א א ، א א א א / א – /، 1 ، 2002 ، 73 . 2 − א 1 / 24 3 − : א א ، א א א א א / – /، 1 ، 1993 ، 152 .

-64 -א א 1 א ؛ א א א א 2 . א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א – א א א א א א – א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א – – א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א 1 − א : א א ، א א א ، א א א 99 – 100 ، 2005 http://www.awu-dam.org/thurath-99-100 2 − : א א א 10 .

-65 -א א א א : » א א א א א ، א א א א ، א א א « 1 . א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א 2 . ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א – − א א א א א א ؛ א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א ، א ، א א א א א א א א . א א א ) ) ( 207 ( א ) א ) ( 189 ( 1 − : א א א ، א א א / /، 1 ، 1984 ، 177 . 2 − א א א : א א א ، א א א / א /، 1993 ، 156 .

-66 -א א א " א "، : א א א א א א א א א 1 . : א א – א א – ، א א א א ، א א – – א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א ، א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א ، א א ، א . א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . ، א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א " " : א 1 − א א 105

-67 -א . א א ؛ א א א א א א א : » א ، ، א א א : : « 1 . א א א א א א א א א : א א א א א 2 א א א א " : א " " א " 3 " א " " א " 4 " א " 5 א א . א " " א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א – א א – א א א ، א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א ) א ) ( 553 – 643 ه ( א 1 − א א ) ( 1 / 579 580 2 − א א 106 א 94 121 3 − א א 105 107 109 113 116 א א 71 94 98 125 . 4 − א א 90 101 105 111 . 5 − א 109 .

-68 -א -א א : » א א א א . א א א א « 1 . א א א א א ، א א ) א ) ( 849 – 911 ه ( א א ) א א א ( : » א ، א א א א א א " א א " א א ، ... ، א א א ، ، : ، א א א ، ) ( א א ، ... « 2 . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א ، א ، א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א 1 − א : א א א ، א / /، 8 / 128 2 − א : א א ، א א ، א א א / /، 2 ، 1979 ، 1 ، 238 .

-69 -א א א א א א – – א א ، א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א . א ؛ א א א א 1 א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א » א א א א א א א « 2 ، א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א א א א א « 3 1 − : א א א א א א א ، א א א / – א /، 1 ، 1993 ، 19 . 2 − א : א א א ، א א א א א א / א /، 1964 ، 438 3 − : א ، א א א א / א /، 5 ، 1983 ، 158 .

-70 -א א א א א ؛ א א א א " א " א א א א א א א א א א . א ) א ) ( 285 ( א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א 1 א ) 300 − 392 ه : ( » א ] א [ א א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א : א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א 1 − א : א ، א א א / א /، 1 ، 1405 ، 115 . 2 − א ) א :( א א ، א ، א א / /، 2 ، 1993 ، 1 ، 129 130

-71 -א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א .

-72

   

  

1

/

א

א א א

2

/

א

א

א

א

3

/

א

א

א

א א

)

(

3

−

1

/

א

א

א

א

3

−

1

−

1

/

א

א

א א

א

3

−

1

−

2

/

א

א

א א

א

3

−

2

/

א

א א

א

-73

ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ

:

ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﰲ ﻲﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺋﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ

ﲔﻳﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ

א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א .

1

.

ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺄﺗ

א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א ؛ א א א א א . א א א ) א א ( – א – א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א

-74 -א -א ؛ א א א א – − » א א א א ، א א א « 1 . א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א : א א א א ) F.Desaussure :( » א א א ، א א א א ، א א א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א ، א ، א א א א א א א א א 3 א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א " א " א ، א א א א א א 1 − : א א א א ، א א א / א – /، 1981 − 1982 ، 6

2 _{- F. desaussure : cours de linguistique générale , ed payot ,}

/ paris/, p 110 3 − א : א א ، א / א א א /، 1972 ، 35 .

-75 -א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א − א א – א א א א א א . א ) א ( ) 300 − 392 ( א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א . ، א א א א א א א א . א א א ، א א ، א א א ، א א א א « 1 א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : 1 − א : א א א ، א א ، 5 ، 1975 ، 5 .

-76 -™ א א א : » א א א א א א א « 1 . ™ א א : » א א א א « 2 . ™ א א א א א א : » א א א א א ، א א א א ، א א א א ، ، – – א א א א « 3 א א א א א א א ، א ) Michael Brame ( א :» א א א א . א א א א « 4 . 1 − א : א ، א א ، א א א ، א א 1282 ، 11 2 − : א א א ، א / א /، 1991 101 א : א א א ) − – – – – (، א א / – א /، 1 ، 2003 ، 16 . 3 − : ، א א ، א א א ، 1972 ، 107 :

G.Mounin : histoire de la linguistique des origines au

xxe siècle, presses universitaires de France, 3ème édition, pp 109,110

4 _{- Michael Brame : Arabic phonology : implications for phonological theory and}

historical semitic. PHD dissertation MIT , 1970 P 40

-77 -" " א א ) א א ( א א א א ، א א א 1 א א א א א א א א א א א : ™ א א א א א א א א א ) La phonétique (. ™ א א א א א א א א א א ) La phonologie ( א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א : א א ؟ א א א 1 − א א : א א א א א א א א http://www.alarabiyah.ws/

-78

-2

.

ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ

ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲ�ﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﰲ

א א א ؛ א א א א א א » א א ، א א : ، א א א א . .. א א א א א . א א : ، א א א ، א א א א א א א . ، א א א א א א א א א ؛ « 1 . ، א א א א א א א א א א א : ؟ א א ) F. Praetorius ( " " א ) Terminus ( א א א א א א א א " " א " א " א א ) Terminus ( " " – – א ) Terminus ( 2 . א א ، א א : » א ... « 3 א א ، א ، : » א 1 − א א 1 / 188 – 189 2 − : א א א א א ، א א א / – א /، 3 ، 2002 ، 86 . 3 − א א : א ، א א א ، א / − /، 2 ، 1997 ، 61

-79 -א « 1 . א א א » א א . ... א : ، א א : ، א « 2 א » א א א . א « 3 . א א א א א א א ؛ א א . א א א : » א א א א א א ، א א ، א « 4 . א א א א א א א א א א א . א ) 466 ه ( א א א א » א א א א ... א א א « 5 א א א א א א א א א א א 1 − א א א : א ، א ، א / א /، 1967 ، 52 − 53 2 − א : א א ) ( 404 . 3 − : א א 7 . 4 − א : א א 1 / 6 . 5 − א ) א (: א א http://www.almeshkat.net/books open.php. .

-80 -א : ، א א א א א " א " א ؛ א א א א א א » א א א א א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א . א ) syllabe) » א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א « 2 א א ؛ א א א ، א א ) syllabe ( א א א 3 . א א א א א א א ، א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ، א א 1 − א א : א א א א 256 . 2 − : א א א א ، א א א / א /، ، 1987 ، 127 . 3 − א א א א א 261 .

-81 -א א א א ، א א א א . : » א א ، א א א א . א א א ، א א א א א א « 1 . א – – א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א 2 א א – – א א א : » א א ، א א א א ، ، א א א א א « 3 א א א א א א א א א ، א א א ، ؛ א א א » א א א א א א א א « 4 . 1 − : א א 73 . 2 − : א א ، א א א / א /، 1998 ، 17 . 3 − א א : א א ) א א (، א / א /، 3 ، 1997 ، 83 – 84 . 4 − א : א ، א / א /، 1985 ، 51 .

-82 -א א א א א א א ، א ، א א ؛ א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א ، א א א ، א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ) le Phonème ( א א א א ؛ א א א א " " : » א א א א א א א א א ، א א : " Phonème " 1_« א א ؛ א ، א ، א א א א א 2 . א א א – ) R.Fowkes ( -» א א « 3 . 1 − א א ) א א ( 83 . 2 − : א א ، א א א / א /، 1995 ، 200 – 201 . 3 − א : א א א א 124 .

-83 -א א א א א א א א א א " א " ) Allophone ( א א א א א א א א א 1 . א א א א א א א : ™ א ) Le PHonème ( א א א . ™ א ) Allophone ( א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א : א א א א ؛ א : » א . .. ، א א . .. א . .. « 2 . א א א א א א א א ) Le phonème) א א א א ) Allophone ( ؛ א א א א 1 − : א ، א / א /، 3 ، 1987 ، 88 . 2 − א 4 / 432

-84 -א ، א א א א א ؛ א א א . – – א א : » א א א . .. « 1 . א א א א א : » א א א ، א א ، ، ... « 2 ، א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א ، .

3

.

ﻱﺮـﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺙﻭﺭﻮـﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻲﺗﻮـﺼﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻄـﺼﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ

)

ﺢﻠﻄـﺼﻤﻠﻟ ﻥﺎـﻴﺑ

ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻭ

(

א א א א א ، א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א ، א א א א א 1 − : א א ، א א א א ، א / /، 1950 ، 62 2 − א 4 / 432 .

-85 -א א א . א א א א ، א א א א א : ™ א א א א ™ א א א א א א א א א א א א .

3

-1

/

ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

.

א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א ) la phonétique ( א א א א א : • א א א א א א א א א א • א א א )א ( א א א א א א א א א א א א א א • א א א א א א 1 1 − א : א : א א ) א א א א א א ( א ، א ، / א − א א א /، 1 ، 1982 ، 5 6 .

-86 -א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א .

3

-1

-1

/

ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﳐ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

א : א : » א : א . ، א ، ، . א : א א . : ، א « 1 . א א א : » א : א א « 2 » א א « 3 א א " א " ) point d' articulation ( » א א א א א א א א 1 − א א ) ( 61 2 − א א : א א א ، א א א ، א א א א /א / א ، 5 ، – 2003 ، 110 . 3 − : א א ، א א א / – /، 2 ، א 1 ، 1981 ، 43 .

-87 -א -א א א א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א ، א א » א א « 2 א » א « 3 . » א א א א א א א א א א א « 4 א א א א א ، א א א א א א ؛ א א – א – : א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א ، א א ، " " א א א ، א . א א ، א « 5 . א א א א א : » א א א א 1 − א א : א א א א א ) ( א א א ، / /، 1 ، 1987 ، 58 . 2 − א א א : א 57 . 3 − 57 . 4 − 58 . 5 − א 64 .

-88 -א ، א א א ، א ، ، ) א ( א )א (« 1 א א א : » א א א ، א א ، א א ، א א ، א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א א א 3 א ؛ א א ) shaade ( א א א א ، א – – א א א א 4 א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א ، א א א 5 1 − : א א ، א א א / א /، 2000 ، 180 181 . 2 − 64 . 3 − א 4 / 433 4 − א : א א א 112 . 5 − א 112 .

-89 -א א א א א א א א א א א 1 : ™ א . ™ . ™ א א א א . א א − א − א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א : » א . . : א א א . א א א . א : א א « 2 א א א א א א א ، א א א 1 − א : א א ، א א / /، 2 ، 1984 ، 146 . 2 − א 4 / 433 .

-90 -" א " 1 א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א » א א א « 2 א ؛ א א א א 3 א א א ، א : ؛ א א א א ، א א א . א א . א א א א א א א א א א : – – א א א א ، א א ؛ א א א א א א . 1 − א א 1 / 6 . 2 − א : א א א ، ، א א / א /، 1 ، 1988 ، 75 . 3 − א 4 / 433

-91 -א א א א . א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א . ... א א א א א א א א א א . ... א א א א א א א . א א ) traits pertinent ( א א א א א א א א ] ± [ א א א א א א ] ± [ 1 א א א א א א ؛ א א א א : 1 − : א ) א א ( א א ، א א א א א / – /، 1 ، 1980 ، 244 .

-92 -א -א א א א א א א +) ) ( − ( א א א א א א : א א ، א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א . א א ؛ א א א א א א . א א א א . א 1 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א 1 − א 1 / 194 .

-93 -א א א א : » א ، א : ، ، ، ، . .. « 1 . א א א א א א א א א א . א א ؛ א א – א א » א ، א א א א א א א א א א « 2 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א – א א א א א . א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א : 1 − א 52 2 − א א : א א א א א ، א א / – /، 1 ، 2000 ، 58 .

-94 -א א : א א א » א א א א « 1 א א א א : } א ، א ، א ، א ، א { ؛ א א : » א « 2 ، א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א 3 . א א א } א א { 4 . )א ( ) Pharyngale ( א א א א 5 ؛ )א ( א א ) ( )א ( א א )א (. א » א א א א « 6 . )א ( )א ( א א א א ) vélaires) א א ، א א א א 7 א א א ؛ : » א ، 1 − א א א 18 . 2 − א 65 . 3 − א 64 . 4 − א א 46 . 5 − א א 55 . 6 − א א 143 . 7 − א א 44 .

-95 -) (. א א א א ، א א א . א א א ، א « 1 . )א ( א א א )א ( )א ( )א ( )א ( א )א ( א א א א א ) laryngale ( א א א א א א . ، א ، א א א א א } א ، א א ، א { . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א ؛ א א : » א א א א ، ، א א א א ، א א א א « 2 . 1 − : א א ، א א / א /، 1990 ، 101 102 . 2 − : א א 290 .

-96 -א " א " א ، ، א : » . : א א א ، א א א . א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א א ، א א א ؛ } א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א { א א א א א א א א א א : א : א א א : } א ، א ، א { א א א " " א » א א א א « 2 א א א » א א ، א א א « 3 . א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ ) shaade ( : » א א ؛ א 1 − א 4 / 433 . 2 − : א א ، א ، א א ، א א א א א ، 1966 ، 31 3 − א 23 .

-97 -א א א . א א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א א א « 1 . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א ، א א א א א א א א א א 2 א )א ( א ؛ א א )א ( א א א א א 3 א ، א א א . א א א : ». .. א "א " א " א " א – − ، א א א ، א א " א " « 4 . א א א א )א ( א ؛ א א א א א א א א א 5 ، א : » א 1 − א א 33 . 2 − : א א – א א א א ، א א / א /، 1975 ، 123 . 3 − א 1 / 192 . 4 − א א א 115 . 5 − א 54 .

-98 -א א א « 1 א א א 2 . א א א א א א א א ؛ א » – א – א א א א א א א « 3 . א : " א " א א א א } א א { א ؛ א א } א א { . א : א } א א { א א א א א א ؛ א א א : ™ א א – א – . ™ א א – א – א א א א 1 − א 4 / 150 . 2 − א 2 / 74 . 3 − : א א א 345 .

-99 -א א א ؛ א : } א ، א ، א { 1 . א א א : א } א א { א } א א { . ) la glotte ( ) le larynx ( א א . א א א א א ) le pharynx ( 2 . א א א א א א א א א } א א { א ، } א א א { א ، א א } א א { 3 א א : א ) luette - uvula ( א א א א א א א ؛ א : } א א { : » א א ، א « 4 . א א " א " : » א א א « 5 . 1 − א א 47 . 2 − : א א ، א א / א − א א /، 86 . 3 − א א 223 . 4 − א 65 . 5 − א 4 / 433 .

-100 -" " א א א א א ؛ א " " א א א ) post palatal ( 1 . א " א " – א – א א א . )א ( } א א { ؛ א א א 2 א א א א " " א א . א א : א א א א א . א א א א א א } א – א – א { : » א א א א « 3 א ؛ א א א א : » א א א א « 4 א א ، א } א א { )א ( } א א { א : » א א א א א א « 5 )א ( » א א א « 6 . 1 − א א 47 2 − א א א 107 א א א א א א 121 . 3 − א 65 . 4 − א 64 . 5 − א 4 / 433 . 6 − 4 / 433 .

-101 -א א א א א א א א : » א ، : « 1 א )א ( : » ، א א א ، א א « 2 . א א )א ( א )א ( א א ، א . א א א א : » א א . א א א א א א א « 3 ؛ א א – א – א א ) א א (، א א א א : » א א ، א א ، א א ، א א ، « 4 . א – – א א א ، א } א א { )א ( א } א א { )א ( א א א א א . 1 − א א – א א א א 105 2 − א 1 / 193 . 3 − : א א 93 . 4 − א 4 / 436 .

-102 -א א " " א א " א " : » א " א " א א א א ، א א א א ، א א א " א " א א א א א « 1 . א א א 2 א א א " א " א א א א א . א א א א א ) palatale ( א א 3 : ™ א א ) prepalatale ( א א א א } א ، א ، א { . ™ א א ) post palatale ( א א א א )א (. ™ א ) vélaire ( א א ) א א א ( } א ، א ، א { . " א א א " א א א } א ، א ، א { א א א א א א א א 4 ، – – א א א 1 − א א א 107 . 2 − א א א א א 140 . 3 − א א 44 . 4 − א א א 76 .

-103 -א . א א א א א א א א א 1 . א א א א » ، א א א א « 2 . א א א " א " א } א ، א ، א { : » א א א א א א « 3 א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א : א א א 4 א א א א א } א ، א ، א א { : » א א א א ، א א « 5 . – – א א : » א א א א א א « 6 א א ؛ א א ؛ א א א 1 − א א 56 . 2 − א א א א א 72 . 3 − א 4 / 433 . 4 − א א 82 . 5 − א 65 . 6 − א 4 / 433 .

-104 -א א א א א : » א א « 1 ؛ א א א 2 " " א א – א א – } א ، א א ، א { . א 3 " " ) apico-alvéolaire ( א א – א א – } א א ، א ، א ، א { . א א א א א "א " ) alvéolaire ( 4 א א א א א א א . א א } א ، א א ، א { א א א א א 5 א א א ؛ א א א " א "، א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א " " א א א א א 6 . 1 − א 1 / 193 . 2 − א א ، 151 . 3 − א א ، 46 . 4 − א א א א א 139 . 5 − א א א 75 . 6 − : א א 193 .

-105 -א א : א א א א א א } א ، א א ، א { א א א א " " 1 א ؛ – – א : » " א א א א " א א א א א ، א – א א – א א א « 2 . א א − א א א א – א א א א א א 3 . – – א א א א : » א א א ، א א ، א « 4 . א א א א א א א 5 א א א } א א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א א ، א { א א א א ، ) א א ( )א ( א א )א ( )א ( א א ، )א ( )א ( 1 − א 65 . 2 − א א א 107 . 3 − א א : א א א א א א א : http://www.arabization.org.ma/downloads/majalla/ 4 − א 4 / 433 . 5 − א א 46 א א 46 .

-106 -)א ( ) א א ( א )א ( א )א (. )א ( א א ) א א (. א א : א א א } א ، א א א ، { א א » א « 1 א א » א א א א א א « 2 . א א : » א א א « 3 א א א א – – א . א א א " ) " inter dentale ( " " 4 . א א : א א א } א א ، א ، א { " " » א « 5 ، א » א א « 6 . א א א א א א ؛ א א א ؛ א א א 1 − א 65 . 2 − א א 142 . 3 − א 4 / 433 . 4 − א א א א א 84 . 5 − א 65 . 6 − א א 82 .

-107 -א א א א א א א א א א ، א א ، )א ( ) א א ( א )א ( א א א א א א א ؛ " א " 1 . א א א א א א א : א א א . א א – א א – א א 2 . א א )א ( ) א א ( א א א ؛ א א ) א א ( )א ( א : » א א א א א ، א « 3 . א א א )א ( ) א א ( )א ( א א א : ™ . ™ א א א א א א א א א 4 ؛ א " " א א א א " ) " liquide ( א 1 − א א 47 א א 187 . 2 − א 4 / 433 . 3 − א 1 / 193 . 4 − א א א 54 א א א 63 .

-108 -) alveolaire-liquide ( 1 א א א א 2 . א א : א א א א א א א ، א א א } א ، א ، א { א א » א « 3 . )א ( ) א א ( א א : » א א ، א ، א א « 4 ؛ )א ( » א א א א א « 5 . א א א א א א א ) א א ( } א ، א ، א א { . )א ( א א א א א א א א א א . א א − א א א – ) א א ( א א א " – " : » א א א א א . א א א א א " א א " א . א א א א « 6 : » א א א א 1 − א א 45 . 2 − א א 54 . 3 − א 65 . 4 − א 4 / 433 . 5 − א 4 / 433 . 6 − א א 183 .

-109 -א . א א : א א א ، א א א א א « 1 . א א א א ) א א ( א א א ) א א ( א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א – א – א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א ؛ – א א – א א א א 2 . א א א א א . א 1 − א 188 . 2 − א א : א א ، א א ، א א א א / /، 11 ، 1974 ، 138 .

-110 -א א א » א א – – א א ، א ، ، א « 1

3

-1

-2

/

ﻔﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ

ﺕﺍﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﺕﺎ

א » א א : א ، א א « 2 א א ؛ א א א א א » א א א א א א א א א « 3 . א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א . א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א 1 − א א : א א א א א 2 http://Saaid.net/book/open 2 − : א א ، א א ) א א ( / /، א א 8 9 ، 1979 ، 176 . 3 − : א א א א א ، 130 http://www.lexico-amel.org/

-111 -א א א א א א א ؛ ؛ א א א א ) א א ( א א א א )א ( א א ) א (، א א )א ( ) א א ( א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א 1 . א א א א א א א א 2 א ؛ א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א א : א : א א א » : ، ، ، א א א : ؛א א א א « 3 1 − א : א 271 . 2 − : א א א א א 132 . 3 − א א ) ( 211

-112 -א א » א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א א « 1 א א ؛ א א א ، א א א . א : » א א א ] [ א « 2 . א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א « 3 א א א א ، א א א ) la fréquence ( א ) les vibrations ( א א א א א . – א – א א א א א ) 60 − 400 ( 4 א א א א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א 1 − א א 158 . 2 − א 4 / 434 . 3 − א 1 / 194 . 4 − א א א : א א א א http://www.C4arab.com/showlesson.

-113 -א א א א א א א . א א א א א ، א א א א א . א א ، א א א א א א " : א " " א " א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א " א " » א א א א א « 1 א א א א א א א א 2 . א א א א " א " " א " " א " " א " " א " " א " א א א א ؛ א א א : » א א א א א א « 3 . 1 − א א א 125 . 2 − 124 . 3 − : א א 62 .

-114 -א א א : » א א ، א א א ، א ، א א ، א א א ، א א « 1 ؛ א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א א ، א א א א ؛ א א " א " א א – – א א א . א א א א א " א " א א א א א א א . − א א א א − א א א א א א א ؛ א א . א א א א א א א א א א 2 . 1 − א : א א א א א א א ، א ، 1 ، 1987 ، 202 . 2 − א א א : א א א א ، א א א / /، 2002 ، 42 .

-115 -א -א -א א א א א א א א א : • א • א א א א א א . • א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א : } א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א א ، א ، א א ، א א ، א ، א א ، א ، א ، א א { . א א א א ) sonore ( א א א א א א א . א א א א א א ، א א א א א . א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א : 1 / א : א א א א א : * . * .

-116 -א א א א א א א א א א א א א − − א א א א . א א א א א . א א א " " ) glottal stop ( 1 א א : » ، ، א ، א א א ، א א א ، א א א א א « 2 . א א א א א א » א א א « 3 . א א א . 2 / א : א א א א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א )א ( א 1 − א א 97 . 2 − א א א 90 . 3 − א א 288 .

-117 -، א ) א א ( א )א ( א א א א א ؛ )א ( א א א א א ، ) א ( א א א 1 . 3 / א : )א ( )א (، א א א א א . )א ( א א : ™ א )א ( ™ א )א ( . א )א ( )א ( )א ( א א ، א )א ( ) ( )א (. א א א א א א א )א ( א א ؛ א א א א – א − )א ( א א א א א . א : א א א א א : ) א ( 2 א א א : ) א א ( 3 . 1 − א א א 16 17 2 − / 7 . 3 − / 108 .

-118 -" א " א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א ؛ א א א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א א « 1 . א : א א : » א א א « 2 . א א א : • א א א א . • א א א א א א א . א א א א א א א א א א : » א א א א א א . א א ، א א א א . א א א א א ، א א א ، א « 3 . " א " א 1 − א א א : ، א 1 ، 1053 א ttp://saaid.net/book/open h 2 − א 4 / 434 . 3 − א א א 121 .