The following pages contain documentary evidence that Qilaatersorneq, Inuit drum dancing and singing, is included on an inventory.

The following pages contain documentary evidence that Qilaatersorneq, Inuit drum dancing and singing, is included on an inventory.

The inventory of Greenlandic Intangible Cultural Heritage is entitled Erigisassat tigussaanngitsut in kalaallisut and so far includes 30 elements.

Contents:

x 2 pages of Elements concerning performing arts, where Qilaatersorneq is included (the element is also registered under the category “Social practices, rituals and festive events”

and under “Oral traditions and expressions”

x An English translation of the Qilaatersorneq inventory text.

The original inventory text can be accessed on

http://nka.gl/kulturikkut-kingornussat-tigussaanngitsut/qilaatersorneq/

and in Danish:

http://da.nka.gl/immateriel-kulturarvsfortegnelse/qilaatersorneq/

Kategorier

Aliikkusersuineq Qitik Erinarsuut

Siulinit kingorngussassiaq Oqaluttuunnermi ileqqoq Oqaluttukkat iluartulersaarullu Erinarsuut

Ileqqut Nerisassat

Oqaluttuunnermi ileqqoq Erinarsuut

Qitik Ritualit Inuiaqatigiit

Pinngortitaq -/piniarnermut-/ silarsuarmut tunngasunut ilisimasat

Upperisaq Pinngortitaq Piniarneq Peqqissuseq

Assassorluni sulineq/eqqumiitsuliorneq Nerisassat

Angakkuarneq Arnat assassorlutit suliaat Angutip assassorlutit suliaat Pinnersaatit

Kategori tamaasa takukkit

Mitaarneq

Mitaartoq tassaavoq inuk imminut

ilisarnarunnaavitsilluni atisalersorsimasoq, illumiillu illumut iseqattaartartoq qiteqattaarluni ajaappiaminillu nateq tukkartaqattaartarlugu, naggataatigullu...

Perusineq

Arlaatigut immikkuullarissumik pisoqarsimappat assersuutigalugu meeraq unammisoqarnerani ajugaasimagumi, taava arnap ajugaasumut qaniginnittup nuannaarnini takutittarpaa ajugaasup pissusaa...

Qilaatersorneq

Taaguutaasinnaasut allat: Inngerneq, iverneq, tivaneq, ilimmarneq Qilaatersorneq inngernerlu tassaapput inuit nipilersornerup silarsuaani ileqqutoqaat. Qilaatersortoq naliginnaasumik seeqquni...

Qilak

Seqineq, qaammat, ullorissat taaguutillit, ullorissat, nunarsuit, arsarnerit qilammiittartullu allat inuit ulluinnaanut upperisaannullu isumaqartorujussuupput Seqerngup ingerlaarnertarnera ukiup...

Qutsaserneq

Qutsaserneq tassaavoq qujaniarnermi ileqqoq, qutsasernerlerlu pisarpoq immikkuullarissunik imaluunniit pingaarutilimmik

pisaqartoqarsimatillugu

pernartoqarsimatilluguluunniit. Qutsaserneq...

Uaajeerneq

Uaajeerneq tassaavoq kiinnakkut qalipariarluni qitinneq, taannalu upperisarsiornermut tunngassuteqarluni. Uaajeernermi kiinaq qalipanneqartarpoq. Uaajeertullu atisalersortarpoq aaliangersimasunik...

Ullukinneq

Erigisassat tigussaanngitsut

Kulturikkut kingornussat tigussaanngitsut - Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu Page 1 of 2

http://nka.gl/kulturikkut-kingornussat-tigussaanngitsut/ 26/01/2018

Kristumiussuseq Kalaallit Nunaannut eqqunneqanngikkallarmat, issittormiut inuit allat assigalugit Kalaallit Nunaanni ullukinneq malunnartinniarneqartarpoq ulloq 21. december.

Aassuutisiorfik...

Kulturikkut kingornussat tigussaanngitsut - Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu Page 2 of 2

http://nka.gl/kulturikkut-kingornussat-tigussaanngitsut/ 26/01/2018

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Qilaatersorneq

Drum dancing and singing

Related terms: Inngerneq, iverneq, tivaneq, ilimmarneq

Drum dancing and drum singing are a traditional form of Inuit music and expression. During the drum dance, the performer will lightly bend the knees, leaning slightly forward. The drum, qilaat, is lifted and lowered in different directions and a stick made of bone or wood is struck rhythmically against the rim of the drum to produce a sharp, echoing percussive beat.

Three boys drum dancing on a roof. KNK0229E0655F039

How it is practiced today

Drum dancing and drum singing are performed at many different types of events in

Greenland, such as festivals and special religious and church services. It is even performed

prior to the opening of sessions of Inatsisartut, the Greenlandic Parliament. Greenland is

currently experiencing a revitalization of drum dancing and singing. The drum has become

synonymous with Inuit identity and has woven itself into the fabric of popular culture. Many

musicians frequently integrate the use of the drum into their music in modern genres such

as jazz, indie rock and rap.

The drum is symbolic of equity and equality in Greenland — it is a cultural symbol that belongs to everyone regardless of age, gender, social status or political view. There are numerous cultural institutions, associations and individuals dedicated to the survival of drum dancing and singing and many practitioners are taking the initiative to pass on the traditions of drum dancing and singing to a new generation of Inuit.

The composition of the drum

In Greenland, the construction, shape and size of the drum varies from region to region. A drum’s frame is typically made of bone or wood carved and bent into an oval or a circle form.

Traditionally, a drum’s skin would be made from a polar bear stomach skin, but today other types of skins and bladders are commonly used. Sometimes cloth or some other type of synthetic fabric are used instead. As one travels North, drums become smaller compared to medium sized drums found in Eastern and Western Greenland or the massive sized drums found in neighboring Nunavut, Canada.

History and background

Archaeologically excavated rim fragments from Saqqaq cultural layers at Qajaa and Qeqertasussuk, suggest the great time-depth of the drumming tradition. The rhythmic beating of the drum may have been heard as early as 4,500 years ago in the Eastern Arctic.

Historically, we know that dances, tivaneq, songs and stories inngerutit were frequently accompanied by the beating of a drum in Greenlandic Inuit society. The drum was used for entertainment, spiritual ceremonies and to solve interpersonal conflicts and disputes. During these song-duels, iverneq, combatants would take turns singing and compose lyrics, pisit, that were intended to shame or lampoon the opposing party. Victory was usually determined by laughter of the audience or if one of the combatants gave up in frustration. Drum singing helped to de-escalate conflict between people and groups and maintain good relations within the community.

When Protestant missionaries arrived in Western Greenland in the 18th century drum

dancing and drum singing were regarded as heathen and in direct opposition to the

teachings of the Church and therefore forbidden. Over the following centuries, drum dancing

disappeared in Western Greenland, but the tradition survived in Eastern and Northern

Greenland due to the late contact with the outside world. For example, Gustav Holm during

his journey up the east coast ca. 1884, documented how the drum was used during a

shaman’s (angakoq) spirit journey (ilimmarneq) in Ammassalik, present-day Tasiilaq. The

angakoq’s hands and feet were bound with cordage and the drum and drum stick placed

beside him on the ground. With the assistance of the angakoq’s spirit helper, Tartok, the

drum supposedly levitated around the angakoq’s head while beating rhythmically as the

angakoq’s spirit left his body.

Passing down tradition

The tradition and art of drum dancing has continued in Northern and Eastern Greenland and it is from these areas that almost all our knowledge of the traditional Greenlandic Inuit drum dancing is derived. There has been a slow but consistent revival of drum dancing in West Greenland over the past 50 years. The efforts have been successful, and the following list of activities demonstrates some of the more important benchmarks in the revitalization of the drum dance and songs as a representative example of Greenland’s living intangible heritage:

In the 1970s drum dance experienced a renaissance in West Greenland and became an important cultural symbol of indigeneity of the Greenlandic people. Much of this new interest was inspired through the growing political consciousness taking place in Greenland as expressed on the political summer camps Aasiviit.

During the 1990s and up through the early 2000s, Pauline Motzfeldt Lumholt completed several initiatives that focused on teaching young children songs and dances associated with the drum.

In 2012, Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu, the Greenland National Museum and Archives, completed a pilot project with Leif Immanuelsen and Hivshu Robert Peary II.

These two individuals were given the status of “living cultural treasures” and toured up and down the west coast of Greenland, visiting 15 institutions and associations in Nuuk, Maniitsoq, Aasiaat, Qasigiannguit and Ilulissat. During these visits they shared their traditional knowledge of drum construction and traditional dances and songs.

In 2014 drum singers Leif Immanuelsen, Anda Poulsen, Varna Nielsen and Ari Poulsen Rasmussen organised a seminar on the Greenlandic drum in Nuuk’s cultural house Katuaq.

About 25 drum dancers and drum singers from across Greenland participated in the seminar. Special emphasis was placed on the revitalization of drum dancing in present day Greenland and its future survival in the coming years.

Future prospects

There is currently great interest in preserving and protecting drum dancing and singing as

an intangible component of Greenland’s living cultural history. These efforts continue to

expand as more awareness about the importance of drum dancing is supported by

individuals, museums, associations, public schools and cultural organizations. Every year

sees an increase in the growth of individuals actively taking an interest in learning the

traditional use of the drum.

On Instagram, hashtag #qilaat and #qilaut are commonly used by young Inuit to illustrate and showcase the cultural importance of the drum across the Arctic.

Actors

Drum dancing and singing are for everyone. If you wish to attend a drum dancing, singing or drum making class, instead of just tryin on your own, all you have to do is reach out to one of the actors or associations:

For example, Leif Saandvig Immanuelsen, Hivshu Robert Peary II, Anda Kuitse or Navarana Rosing.

Sisimiuni Inngertartut Nuummi Inngertartut

Geographical range

Qilaatersorneq is practiced in various form throughout the Arctic region. In Greenland, drum dancing and singing is practiced in every town and settlement.

Literature

Grønnow, Bjarne. 2012. De ældste trommer fundet på Grønland. Videnskab.dk:

(https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/de-aeldste-trommer-fundet-pa-gronland)

Grønnow, Bjarne. 2012. Inuit drum history longer than realised. Sciencenordic.com:

(http://sciencenordic.com/inuit-drum-history-longer-realised)

Hauser, Michael. 2010. TRaditional Inuit Songs from the Thule Area. Museum Tusculanum Press.

Hauser, Michael. 2010. ”The song tradition of the Inughuit” I: Meddelelser om Grønland, vol 36 (1), Man & Society, København

Holm, Gustav. 1972. Konebådsekspeditionen. Rhodos

Jørgensen, Ole. 1979. Eskimoisk trommesang, dans, digtning, livssyn, leg og tegninger.

Eskimuut inngerutaat, tivaasaat, pitsiaat, eqqarsaatersuutaat, pinnguaataa titartagaallu.

Tuukak teatret.

Jørgensen, Ole. 1981. Sjæl gør dig smuk.

Lumholt, Pauline Motzfeldt. 1993. Trommedans og Trommesang. I: Ridser i Guds hud:

Essays om spiritualitetsmøder. Vibeke Carmer og Birte Christensen (eds). Kirkernes U-

Lumholt, Pauline Motzfeldt. 2002. Trommedans renser Børnenes Sjæl. I: Djembe Tidskrift 41: 20-21

Petersen, H. C. and Michael Hauser. 2012. Kalaallit inngerutinik atuinerat, Trommesang- traditionen i Grønland, The drum song tradition in Greenland. Nuuk: Forlaget Atuagkat Petrussen, Amandus. 1982. Inugssuit ingmerutait. Kalâtdlit-nunane nakiterisitsissarfik.

Petrussen, Amandus. 1989. Tunumiit inngiitaat. Atuakkiorfik.

Sørensen, Vivi. 2014. Den grønlandske tromme diskriminerer ikke. Sermitsiaq.ag:

(http://sermitsiaq.ag/groenlandske-tromme-diskriminerer-ikke)